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Ticket #2658: BraytonCycleTotal.mo

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1	within ;
2	package ModelicaServices
3	"(version = 3.2.1, target = \"Dymola\") Models and functions used in the Modelica Standard Library requiring a tool specific implementation"
4
5	package Machine
6
7	final constant Real eps=1.e-15 "Biggest number such that 1.0 + eps = 1.0";
8
9	final constant Real inf=1.e+60
10	"Biggest Real number such that inf and -inf are representable on the machine";
11	annotation (Documentation(info="<html>
12	<p>
13	Package in which processor specific constants are defined that are needed
14	by numerical algorithms. Typically these constants are not directly used,
15	but indirectly via the alias definition in
16	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Constants\">Modelica.Constants</a>.
17	</p>
18	</html>"));
19	end Machine;
20	annotation (
21	Protection(access=Access.hide),
22	preferredView="info",
23	version="3.2.1",
24	versionDate="2013-01-17",
25	versionBuild=1,
26	uses(Modelica(version="3.2.1")),
27	conversion(
28	noneFromVersion="1.0",
29	noneFromVersion="1.1",
30	noneFromVersion="1.2"),
31	Documentation(info="<html>
32	<p>
33	This package contains a set of functions and models to be used in the
34	Modelica Standard Library that requires a tool specific implementation.
35	These are:
36	</p>
37
38	<ul>
39	<li> <a href=\"modelica://ModelicaServices.Animation.Shape\">Shape</a>
40	provides a 3-dim. visualization of elementary
41	mechanical objects. It is used in
42	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Mechanics.MultiBody.Visualizers.Advanced.Shape\">Modelica.Mechanics.MultiBody.Visualizers.Advanced.Shape</a>
43	via inheritance.</li>
44
45	<li> <a href=\"modelica://ModelicaServices.Animation.Surface\">Surface</a>
46	provides a 3-dim. visualization of
47	moveable parameterized surface. It is used in
48	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Mechanics.MultiBody.Visualizers.Advanced.Surface\">Modelica.Mechanics.MultiBody.Visualizers.Advanced.Surface</a>
49	via inheritance.</li>
50
51	<li> <a href=\"modelica://ModelicaServices.ExternalReferences.loadResource\">loadResource</a>
52	provides a function to return the absolute path name of an URI or a local file name. It is used in
53	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Files.loadResource\">Modelica.Utilities.Files.loadResource</a>
54	via inheritance.</li>
55
56	<li> <a href=\"modelica://ModelicaServices.Machine\">ModelicaServices.Machine</a>
57	provides a package of machine constants. It is used in
58	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Constants\">Modelica.Constants</a>.</li>
59
60	<li> <a href=\"modelica://ModelicaServices.Types.SolverMethod\">Types.SolverMethod</a>
61	provides a string defining the integration method to solve differential equations in
62	a clocked discretized continuous-time partition (see Modelica 3.3 language specification).
63	It is not yet used in the Modelica Standard Library, but in the Modelica_Synchronous library
64	that provides convenience blocks for the clock operators of Modelica version ≥ 3.3.</li>
65	</ul>
66
67	<p>
68	This implementation is targeted for Dymola.
69	</p>
70
71	<p>
72	<b>Licensed by DLR and Dassault Systèmes AB under the Modelica License 2</b><br>
73	Copyright © 2009-2013, DLR and Dassault Systèmes AB.
74	</p>
75
76	<p>
77	<i>This Modelica package is <u>free</u> software and the use is completely at <u>your own risk</u>; it can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms of the Modelica License 2. For license conditions (including the disclaimer of warranty) see <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.UsersGuide.ModelicaLicense2\">Modelica.UsersGuide.ModelicaLicense2</a> or visit <a href=\"http://www.modelica.org/licenses/ModelicaLicense2\"> http://www.modelica.org/licenses/ModelicaLicense2</a>.</i>
78	</p>
79
80	</html>"));
81	end ModelicaServices;
82
83
84	package Modelica "Modelica Standard Library - Version 3.2.1 (Build 2)"
85	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
86
87	package Blocks
88	"Library of basic input/output control blocks (continuous, discrete, logical, table blocks)"
89	import SI = Modelica.SIunits;
90	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
91
92	package Continuous
93	"Library of continuous control blocks with internal states"
94	import Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces;
95	import Modelica.SIunits;
96	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
97
98	block FirstOrder "First order transfer function block (= 1 pole)"
99	import Modelica.Blocks.Types.Init;
100	parameter Real k(unit="1")=1 "Gain";
101	parameter SIunits.Time T(start=1) "Time Constant";
102	parameter Modelica.Blocks.Types.Init initType=Modelica.Blocks.Types.Init.NoInit
103	"Type of initialization (1: no init, 2: steady state, 3/4: initial output)"
104	annotation(Evaluate=true,
105	Dialog(group="Initialization"));
106	parameter Real y_start=0 "Initial or guess value of output (= state)"
107	annotation (Dialog(group="Initialization"));
108
109	extends Interfaces.SISO(y(start=y_start));
110
111	initial equation
112	if initType == Init.SteadyState then
113	der(y) = 0;
114	elseif initType == Init.InitialState or initType == Init.InitialOutput then
115	y = y_start;
116	end if;
117	equation
118	der(y) = (k*u - y)/T;
119	annotation (
120	Documentation(info="<HTML>
121	<p>
122	This blocks defines the transfer function between the input u
123	and the output y (element-wise) as <i>first order</i> system:
124	</p>
125	<pre>
126	k
127	y = ------------ * u
128	T * s + 1
129	</pre>
130	<p>
131	If you would like to be able to change easily between different
132	transfer functions (FirstOrder, SecondOrder, ... ) by changing
133	parameters, use the general block <b>TransferFunction</b> instead
134	and model a first order SISO system with parameters<br>
135	b = {k}, a = {T, 1}.
136	</p>
137	<pre>
138	Example:
139	parameter: k = 0.3, T = 0.4
140	results in:
141	0.3
142	y = ----------- * u
143	0.4 s + 1.0
144	</pre>
145
146	</html>"), Icon(
147	coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true,
148	extent={{-100.0,-100.0},{100.0,100.0}},
149	initialScale=0.1),
150	graphics={
151	Line(visible=true,
152	points={{-80.0,78.0},{-80.0,-90.0}},
153	color={192,192,192}),
154	Polygon(visible=true,
155	lineColor={192,192,192},
156	fillColor={192,192,192},
157	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,
158	points={{-80.0,90.0},{-88.0,68.0},{-72.0,68.0},{-80.0,90.0}}),
159	Line(visible=true,
160	points={{-90.0,-80.0},{82.0,-80.0}},
161	color={192,192,192}),
162	Polygon(visible=true,
163	lineColor={192,192,192},
164	fillColor={192,192,192},
165	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,
166	points={{90.0,-80.0},{68.0,-72.0},{68.0,-88.0},{90.0,-80.0}}),
167	Line(visible = true,
168	origin = {-26.667,6.667},
169	points = {{106.667,43.333},{-13.333,29.333},{-53.333,-86.667}},
170	color = {0,0,127},
171	smooth = Smooth.Bezier),
172	Text(visible=true,
173	lineColor={192,192,192},
174	extent={{0.0,-60.0},{60.0,0.0}},
175	textString="PT1"),
176	Text(visible=true,
177	extent={{-150.0,-150.0},{150.0,-110.0}},
178	textString="T=%T")}),
179	Diagram(coordinateSystem(
180	preserveAspectRatio=true,
181	extent={{-100,-100},{100,100}}), graphics={
182	Text(
183	extent={{-48,52},{50,8}},
184	lineColor={0,0,0},
185	textString="k"),
186	Text(
187	extent={{-54,-6},{56,-56}},
188	lineColor={0,0,0},
189	textString="T s + 1"),
190	Line(points={{-50,0},{50,0}}, color={0,0,0}),
191	Rectangle(extent={{-60,60},{60,-60}}, lineColor={0,0,255}),
192	Line(points={{-100,0},{-60,0}}, color={0,0,255}),
193	Line(points={{60,0},{100,0}}, color={0,0,255})}));
194	end FirstOrder;
195	annotation (
196	Documentation(info="<html>
197	<p>
198	This package contains basic <b>continuous</b> input/output blocks
199	described by differential equations.
200	</p>
201
202	<p>
203	All blocks of this package can be initialized in different
204	ways controlled by parameter <b>initType</b>. The possible
205	values of initType are defined in
206	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Blocks.Types.Init\">Modelica.Blocks.Types.Init</a>:
207	</p>
208
209	<table border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2>
210	<tr><td valign=\"top\"><b>Name</b></td>
211	<td valign=\"top\"><b>Description</b></td></tr>
212
213	<tr><td valign=\"top\"><b>Init.NoInit</b></td>
214	<td valign=\"top\">no initialization (start values are used as guess values with fixed=false)</td></tr>
215
216	<tr><td valign=\"top\"><b>Init.SteadyState</b></td>
217	<td valign=\"top\">steady state initialization (derivatives of states are zero)</td></tr>
218
219	<tr><td valign=\"top\"><b>Init.InitialState</b></td>
220	<td valign=\"top\">Initialization with initial states</td></tr>
221
222	<tr><td valign=\"top\"><b>Init.InitialOutput</b></td>
223	<td valign=\"top\">Initialization with initial outputs (and steady state of the states if possible)</td></tr>
224	</table>
225
226	<p>
227	For backward compatibility reasons the default of all blocks is
228	<b>Init.NoInit</b>, with the exception of Integrator and LimIntegrator
229	where the default is <b>Init.InitialState</b> (this was the initialization
230	defined in version 2.2 of the Modelica standard library).
231	</p>
232
233	<p>
234	In many cases, the most useful initial condition is
235	<b>Init.SteadyState</b> because initial transients are then no longer
236	present. The drawback is that in combination with a non-linear
237	plant, non-linear algebraic equations occur that might be
238	difficult to solve if appropriate guess values for the
239	iteration variables are not provided (i.e., start values with fixed=false).
240	However, it is often already useful to just initialize
241	the linear blocks from the Continuous blocks library in SteadyState.
242	This is uncritical, because only linear algebraic equations occur.
243	If Init.NoInit is set, then the start values for the states are
244	interpreted as <b>guess</b> values and are propagated to the
245	states with fixed=<b>false</b>.
246	</p>
247
248	<p>
249	Note, initialization with Init.SteadyState is usually difficult
250	for a block that contains an integrator
251	(Integrator, LimIntegrator, PI, PID, LimPID).
252	This is due to the basic equation of an integrator:
253	</p>
254
255	<pre>
256	<b>initial equation</b>
257	<b>der</b>(y) = 0; // Init.SteadyState
258	<b>equation</b>
259	<b>der</b>(y) = k*u;
260	</pre>
261
262	<p>
263	The steady state equation leads to the condition that the input to the
264	integrator is zero. If the input u is already (directly or indirectly) defined
265	by another initial condition, then the initialization problem is <b>singular</b>
266	(has none or infinitely many solutions). This situation occurs often
267	for mechanical systems, where, e.g., u = desiredSpeed - measuredSpeed and
268	since speed is both a state and a derivative, it is always defined by
269	Init.InitialState or Init.SteadyState initialization.
270	</p>
271
272	<p>
273	In such a case, <b>Init.NoInit</b> has to be selected for the integrator
274	and an additional initial equation has to be added to the system
275	to which the integrator is connected. E.g., useful initial conditions
276	for a 1-dim. rotational inertia controlled by a PI controller are that
277	<b>angle</b>, <b>speed</b>, and <b>acceleration</b> of the inertia are zero.
278	</p>
279
280	</html>"), Icon(graphics={Line(
281	origin={0.061,4.184},
282	points={{81.939,36.056},{65.362,36.056},{14.39,-26.199},{-29.966,
283	113.485},{-65.374,-61.217},{-78.061,-78.184}},
284	color={95,95,95},
285	smooth=Smooth.Bezier)}));
286	end Continuous;
287
288	package Interfaces
289	"Library of connectors and partial models for input/output blocks"
290	import Modelica.SIunits;
291	extends Modelica.Icons.InterfacesPackage;
292
293	connector RealInput = input Real "'input Real' as connector" annotation (
294	defaultComponentName="u",
295	Icon(graphics={
296	Polygon(
297	lineColor={0,0,127},
298	fillColor={0,0,127},
299	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,
300	points={{-100.0,100.0},{100.0,0.0},{-100.0,-100.0}})},
301	coordinateSystem(extent={{-100.0,-100.0},{100.0,100.0}},
302	preserveAspectRatio=true,
303	initialScale=0.2)),
304	Diagram(
305	coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true,
306	initialScale=0.2,
307	extent={{-100.0,-100.0},{100.0,100.0}}),
308	graphics={
309	Polygon(
310	lineColor={0,0,127},
311	fillColor={0,0,127},
312	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,
313	points={{0.0,50.0},{100.0,0.0},{0.0,-50.0},{0.0,50.0}}),
314	Text(
315	lineColor={0,0,127},
316	extent={{-10.0,60.0},{-10.0,85.0}},
317	textString="%name")}),
318	Documentation(info="<html>
319	<p>
320	Connector with one input signal of type Real.
321	</p>
322	</html>"));
323
324	connector RealOutput = output Real "'output Real' as connector" annotation (
325	defaultComponentName="y",
326	Icon(
327	coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true,
328	extent={{-100.0,-100.0},{100.0,100.0}},
329	initialScale=0.1),
330	graphics={
331	Polygon(
332	lineColor={0,0,127},
333	fillColor={255,255,255},
334	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,
335	points={{-100.0,100.0},{100.0,0.0},{-100.0,-100.0}})}),
336	Diagram(
337	coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true,
338	extent={{-100.0,-100.0},{100.0,100.0}},
339	initialScale=0.1),
340	graphics={
341	Polygon(
342	lineColor={0,0,127},
343	fillColor={255,255,255},
344	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,
345	points={{-100.0,50.0},{0.0,0.0},{-100.0,-50.0}}),
346	Text(
347	lineColor={0,0,127},
348	extent={{30.0,60.0},{30.0,110.0}},
349	textString="%name")}),
350	Documentation(info="<html>
351	<p>
352	Connector with one output signal of type Real.
353	</p>
354	</html>"));
355
356	connector BooleanInput = input Boolean "'input Boolean' as connector"
357	annotation (
358	defaultComponentName="u",
359	Icon(graphics={Polygon(
360	points={{-100,100},{100,0},{-100,-100},{-100,100}},
361	lineColor={255,0,255},
362	fillColor={255,0,255},
363	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid)}, coordinateSystem(
364	extent={{-100,-100},{100,100}},
365	preserveAspectRatio=true,
366	initialScale=0.2)),
367	Diagram(coordinateSystem(
368	preserveAspectRatio=true,
369	initialScale=0.2,
370	extent={{-100,-100},{100,100}}), graphics={Polygon(
371	points={{0,50},{100,0},{0,-50},{0,50}},
372	lineColor={255,0,255},
373	fillColor={255,0,255},
374	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid), Text(
375	extent={{-10,85},{-10,60}},
376	lineColor={255,0,255},
377	textString="%name")}),
378	Documentation(info="<html>
379	<p>
380	Connector with one input signal of type Boolean.
381	</p>
382	</html>"));
383
384	partial block SO "Single Output continuous control block"
385	extends Modelica.Blocks.Icons.Block;
386
387	RealOutput y "Connector of Real output signal" annotation (Placement(
388	transformation(extent={{100,-10},{120,10}}, rotation=0)));
389	annotation (Documentation(info="<html>
390	<p>
391	Block has one continuous Real output signal.
392	</p>
393	</html>"));
394
395	end SO;
396
397	partial block SISO "Single Input Single Output continuous control block"
398	extends Modelica.Blocks.Icons.Block;
399
400	RealInput u "Connector of Real input signal" annotation (Placement(
401	transformation(extent={{-140,-20},{-100,20}}, rotation=0)));
402	RealOutput y "Connector of Real output signal" annotation (Placement(
403	transformation(extent={{100,-10},{120,10}}, rotation=0)));
404	annotation (Documentation(info="<html>
405	<p>
406	Block has one continuous Real input and one continuous Real output signal.
407	</p>
408	</html>"));
409	end SISO;
410
411	partial block SI2SO
412	"2 Single Input / 1 Single Output continuous control block"
413	extends Modelica.Blocks.Icons.Block;
414
415	RealInput u1 "Connector of Real input signal 1" annotation (Placement(
416	transformation(extent={{-140,40},{-100,80}}, rotation=0)));
417	RealInput u2 "Connector of Real input signal 2" annotation (Placement(
418	transformation(extent={{-140,-80},{-100,-40}}, rotation=0)));
419	RealOutput y "Connector of Real output signal" annotation (Placement(
420	transformation(extent={{100,-10},{120,10}}, rotation=0)));
421
422	annotation (Documentation(info="<html>
423	<p>
424	Block has two continuous Real input signals u1 and u2 and one
425	continuous Real output signal y.
426	</p>
427	</html>"));
428
429	end SI2SO;
430
431	partial block SignalSource "Base class for continuous signal source"
432	extends SO;
433	parameter Real offset=0 "Offset of output signal y";
434	parameter SIunits.Time startTime=0
435	"Output y = offset for time < startTime";
436	annotation (Documentation(info="<html>
437	<p>
438	Basic block for Real sources of package Blocks.Sources.
439	This component has one continuous Real output signal y
440	and two parameters (offset, startTime) to shift the
441	generated signal.
442	</p>
443	</html>"));
444	end SignalSource;
445	annotation (Documentation(info="<HTML>
446	<p>
447	This package contains interface definitions for
448	<b>continuous</b> input/output blocks with Real,
449	Integer and Boolean signals. Furthermore, it contains
450	partial models for continuous and discrete blocks.
451	</p>
452
453	</html>", revisions="<html>
454	<ul>
455	<li><i>Oct. 21, 2002</i>
456	by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a>
457	and <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Christian.Schweiger/\">Christian Schweiger</a>:<br>
458	Added several new interfaces.
459	<li><i>Oct. 24, 1999</i>
460	by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a>:<br>
461	RealInputSignal renamed to RealInput. RealOutputSignal renamed to
462	output RealOutput. GraphBlock renamed to BlockIcon. SISOreal renamed to
463	SISO. SOreal renamed to SO. I2SOreal renamed to M2SO.
464	SignalGenerator renamed to SignalSource. Introduced the following
465	new models: MIMO, MIMOs, SVcontrol, MVcontrol, DiscreteBlockIcon,
466	DiscreteBlock, DiscreteSISO, DiscreteMIMO, DiscreteMIMOs,
467	BooleanBlockIcon, BooleanSISO, BooleanSignalSource, MI2BooleanMOs.</li>
468	<li><i>June 30, 1999</i>
469	by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a>:<br>
470	Realized a first version, based on an existing Dymola library
471	of Dieter Moormann and Hilding Elmqvist.</li>
472	</ul>
473	</html>"));
474	end Interfaces;
475
476	package Sources
477	"Library of signal source blocks generating Real and Boolean signals"
478	import Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces;
479	import Modelica.SIunits;
480	extends Modelica.Icons.SourcesPackage;
481
482	block Step "Generate step signal of type Real"
483	parameter Real height=1 "Height of step";
484	extends Interfaces.SignalSource;
485
486	equation
487	y = offset + (if time < startTime then 0 else height);
488	annotation (
489	Icon(coordinateSystem(
490	preserveAspectRatio=true,
491	extent={{-100,-100},{100,100}}), graphics={
492	Line(points={{-80,68},{-80,-80}}, color={192,192,192}),
493	Polygon(
494	points={{-80,90},{-88,68},{-72,68},{-80,90}},
495	lineColor={192,192,192},
496	fillColor={192,192,192},
497	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
498	Line(points={{-90,-70},{82,-70}}, color={192,192,192}),
499	Polygon(
500	points={{90,-70},{68,-62},{68,-78},{90,-70}},
501	lineColor={192,192,192},
502	fillColor={192,192,192},
503	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
504	Line(points={{-80,-70},{0,-70},{0,50},{80,50}}, color={0,0,0}),
505	Text(
506	extent={{-150,-150},{150,-110}},
507	lineColor={0,0,0},
508	textString="startTime=%startTime")}),
509	Diagram(coordinateSystem(
510	preserveAspectRatio=true,
511	extent={{-100,-100},{100,100}}), graphics={
512	Polygon(
513	points={{-80,90},{-86,68},{-74,68},{-80,90}},
514	lineColor={95,95,95},
515	fillColor={95,95,95},
516	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
517	Line(points={{-80,68},{-80,-80}}, color={95,95,95}),
518	Line(
519	points={{-80,-18},{0,-18},{0,50},{80,50}},
520	color={0,0,255},
521	thickness=0.5),
522	Line(points={{-90,-70},{82,-70}}, color={95,95,95}),
523	Polygon(
524	points={{90,-70},{68,-64},{68,-76},{90,-70}},
525	lineColor={95,95,95},
526	fillColor={95,95,95},
527	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
528	Text(
529	extent={{70,-80},{94,-100}},
530	lineColor={0,0,0},
531	textString="time"),
532	Text(
533	extent={{-21,-72},{25,-90}},
534	lineColor={0,0,0},
535	textString="startTime"),
536	Line(points={{0,-18},{0,-70}}, color={95,95,95}),
537	Text(
538	extent={{-68,-36},{-22,-54}},
539	lineColor={0,0,0},
540	textString="offset"),
541	Line(points={{-13,50},{-13,-17}}, color={95,95,95}),
542	Polygon(
543	points={{0,50},{-21,50},{0,50}},
544	lineColor={95,95,95},
545	fillColor={95,95,95},
546	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
547	Polygon(
548	points={{-13,-18},{-16,-5},{-10,-5},{-13,-18},{-13,-18}},
549	lineColor={95,95,95},
550	fillColor={95,95,95},
551	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
552	Polygon(
553	points={{-13,50},{-16,37},{-10,37},{-13,50}},
554	lineColor={95,95,95},
555	fillColor={95,95,95},
556	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
557	Text(
558	extent={{-68,26},{-22,8}},
559	lineColor={0,0,0},
560	textString="height"),
561	Polygon(
562	points={{-13,-70},{-16,-57},{-10,-57},{-13,-70},{-13,-70}},
563	lineColor={95,95,95},
564	fillColor={95,95,95},
565	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
566	Line(points={{-13,-18},{-13,-70}}, color={95,95,95}),
567	Polygon(
568	points={{-13,-18},{-16,-31},{-10,-31},{-13,-18}},
569	lineColor={95,95,95},
570	fillColor={95,95,95},
571	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
572	Text(
573	extent={{-72,100},{-31,80}},
574	lineColor={0,0,0},
575	textString="y")}),
576	Documentation(info="<html>
577	<p>
578	The Real output y is a step signal:
579	</p>
580
581	<p>
582	<img src=\"modelica://Modelica/Resources/Images/Blocks/Sources/Step.png\"
583	alt=\"Step.png\">
584	</p>
585
586	</html>"));
587	end Step;
588
589	block Ramp "Generate ramp signal"
590	parameter Real height=1 "Height of ramps";
591	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Time duration(min=0.0, start=2)
592	"Duration of ramp (= 0.0 gives a Step)";
593	parameter Real offset=0 "Offset of output signal";
594	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Time startTime=0
595	"Output = offset for time < startTime";
596	extends Interfaces.SO;
597
598	equation
599	y = offset + (if time < startTime then 0 else if time < (startTime +
600	duration) then (time - startTime)*height/duration else height);
601	annotation (
602	Icon(coordinateSystem(
603	preserveAspectRatio=true,
604	extent={{-100,-100},{100,100}}), graphics={
605	Line(points={{-80,68},{-80,-80}}, color={192,192,192}),
606	Polygon(
607	points={{-80,90},{-88,68},{-72,68},{-80,90}},
608	lineColor={192,192,192},
609	fillColor={192,192,192},
610	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
611	Line(points={{-90,-70},{82,-70}}, color={192,192,192}),
612	Polygon(
613	points={{90,-70},{68,-62},{68,-78},{90,-70}},
614	lineColor={192,192,192},
615	fillColor={192,192,192},
616	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
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618	Text(
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620	lineColor={0,0,0},
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622	Line(points={{31,38},{86,38}}, color={0,0,0})}),
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629	fillColor={95,95,95},
630	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
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632	Line(
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634	color={0,0,255},
635	thickness=0.5),
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649	color={95,95,95},
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655	fillColor={95,95,95},
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659	lineColor={0,0,0},
660	textString="offset"),
661	Text(
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663	lineColor={0,0,0},
664	textString="startTime"),
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667	lineColor={0,0,0},
668	textString="y"),
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671	lineColor={0,0,0},
672	textString="time"),
673	Line(points={{-20,-20},{-20,-70}}, color={95,95,95}),
674	Line(
675	points={{-19,-20},{50,-20}},
676	color={95,95,95},
677	thickness=0.25,
678	arrow={Arrow.None,Arrow.None}),
679	Line(
680	points={{50,50},{101,50}},
681	color={0,0,255},
682	thickness=0.5),
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685	color={95,95,95},
686	thickness=0.25,
687	arrow={Arrow.None,Arrow.None}),
688	Polygon(
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690	lineColor={95,95,95},
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692	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
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695	lineColor={95,95,95},
696	fillColor={95,95,95},
697	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
698	Polygon(
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700	lineColor={95,95,95},
701	fillColor={95,95,95},
702	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
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704	points={{50,-20},{48,-10},{52,-10},{50,-20},{50,-20}},
705	lineColor={95,95,95},
706	fillColor={95,95,95},
707	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
708	Text(
709	extent={{53,23},{82,10}},
710	lineColor={0,0,0},
711	textString="height"),
712	Text(
713	extent={{-2,-21},{37,-33}},
714	lineColor={0,0,0},
715	textString="duration")}),
716	Documentation(info="<html>
717	<p>
718	The Real output y is a ramp signal:
719	</p>
720
721	<p>
722	<img src=\"modelica://Modelica/Resources/Images/Blocks/Sources/Ramp.png\"
723	alt=\"Ramp.png\">
724	</p>
725
726	<p>
727	If parameter duration is set to 0.0, the limiting case of a Step signal is achieved.
728	</p>
729	</html>"));
730	end Ramp;
731	annotation (Documentation(info="<HTML>
732	<p>
733	This package contains <b>source</b> components, i.e., blocks which
734	have only output signals. These blocks are used as signal generators
735	for Real, Integer and Boolean signals.
736	</p>
737
738	<p>
739	All Real source signals (with the exception of the Constant source)
740	have at least the following two parameters:
741	</p>
742
743	<table border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2>
744	<tr><td valign=\"top\"><b>offset</b></td>
745	<td valign=\"top\">Value which is added to the signal</td>
746	</tr>
747	<tr><td valign=\"top\"><b>startTime</b></td>
748	<td valign=\"top\">Start time of signal. For time < startTime,
749	the output y is set to offset.</td>
750	</tr>
751	</table>
752
753	<p>
754	The <b>offset</b> parameter is especially useful in order to shift
755	the corresponding source, such that at initial time the system
756	is stationary. To determine the corresponding value of offset,
757	usually requires a trimming calculation.
758	</p>
759	</html>", revisions="<html>
760	<ul>
761	<li><i>October 21, 2002</i>
762	by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a>
763	and <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Christian.Schweiger/\">Christian Schweiger</a>:<br>
764	Integer sources added. Step, TimeTable and BooleanStep slightly changed.</li>
765	<li><i>Nov. 8, 1999</i>
766	by <a href=\"mailto:clauss@eas.iis.fhg.de\">Christoph Clauß</a>,
767	<a href=\"mailto:Andre.Schneider@eas.iis.fraunhofer.de\">Andre.Schneider@eas.iis.fraunhofer.de</a>,
768	<a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a>:<br>
769	New sources: Exponentials, TimeTable. Trapezoid slightly enhanced
770	(nperiod=-1 is an infinite number of periods).</li>
771	<li><i>Oct. 31, 1999</i>
772	by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a>:<br>
773	<a href=\"mailto:clauss@eas.iis.fhg.de\">Christoph Clauß</a>,
774	<a href=\"mailto:Andre.Schneider@eas.iis.fraunhofer.de\">Andre.Schneider@eas.iis.fraunhofer.de</a>,
775	All sources vectorized. New sources: ExpSine, Trapezoid,
776	BooleanConstant, BooleanStep, BooleanPulse, SampleTrigger.
777	Improved documentation, especially detailed description of
778	signals in diagram layer.</li>
779	<li><i>June 29, 1999</i>
780	by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a>:<br>
781	Realized a first version, based on an existing Dymola library
782	of Dieter Moormann and Hilding Elmqvist.</li>
783	</ul>
784	</html>"));
785	end Sources;
786
787	package Tables
788	"Library of blocks to interpolate in one and two-dimensional tables"
789	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
790
791	block CombiTable2D "Table look-up in two dimensions (matrix/file)"
792	extends Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.SI2SO;
793	parameter Boolean tableOnFile=false
794	"= true, if table is defined on file or in function usertab"
795	annotation (Dialog(group="Table data definition"));
796	parameter Real table[:, :] = fill(0.0, 0, 2)
797	"Table matrix (grid u1 = first column, grid u2 = first row; e.g., table=[0,0;0,1])"
798	annotation (Dialog(group="Table data definition",enable=not tableOnFile));
799	parameter String tableName="NoName"
800	"Table name on file or in function usertab (see docu)"
801	annotation (Dialog(group="Table data definition",enable=tableOnFile));
802	parameter String fileName="NoName" "File where matrix is stored"
803	annotation (Dialog(
804	group="Table data definition",
805	enable=tableOnFile,
806	loadSelector(filter="Text files (.txt);;MATLAB MAT-files (.mat)",
807	caption="Open file in which table is present")));
808	parameter Boolean verboseRead=true
809	"= true, if info message that file is loading is to be printed"
810	annotation (Dialog(group="Table data definition",enable=tableOnFile));
811	parameter Modelica.Blocks.Types.Smoothness smoothness=Modelica.Blocks.Types.Smoothness.LinearSegments
812	"Smoothness of table interpolation"
813	annotation (Dialog(group="Table data interpretation"));
814	protected
815	Modelica.Blocks.Types.ExternalCombiTable2D tableID=
816	Modelica.Blocks.Types.ExternalCombiTable2D(
817	if tableOnFile then tableName else "NoName",
818	if tableOnFile and fileName <> "NoName" and not Modelica.Utilities.Strings.isEmpty(fileName) then fileName else "NoName",
819	table,
820	smoothness) "External table object";
821	parameter Real tableOnFileRead(fixed=false)
822	"= 1, if table was successfully read from file";
823
824	function readTableData
825	"Read table data from ASCII text or MATLAB MAT-file"
826	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
827	input Modelica.Blocks.Types.ExternalCombiTable2D tableID;
828	input Boolean forceRead = false
829	"= true: Force reading of table data; = false: Only read, if not yet read.";
830	input Boolean verboseRead
831	"= true: Print info message; = false: No info message";
832	output Real readSuccess "Table read success";
833	external"C" readSuccess = ModelicaStandardTables_CombiTable2D_read(tableID, forceRead, verboseRead)
834	annotation (Library={"ModelicaStandardTables"});
835	end readTableData;
836
837	function getTableValue "Interpolate 2-dim. table defined by matrix"
838	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
839	input Modelica.Blocks.Types.ExternalCombiTable2D tableID;
840	input Real u1;
841	input Real u2;
842	input Real tableAvailable
843	"Dummy input to ensure correct sorting of function calls";
844	output Real y;
845	external"C" y = ModelicaStandardTables_CombiTable2D_getValue(tableID, u1, u2)
846	annotation (Library={"ModelicaStandardTables"});
847	annotation (derivative(noDerivative=tableAvailable) = getDerTableValue);
848	end getTableValue;
849
850	function getTableValueNoDer
851	"Interpolate 2-dim. table defined by matrix (but do not provide a derivative function)"
852	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
853	input Modelica.Blocks.Types.ExternalCombiTable2D tableID;
854	input Real u1;
855	input Real u2;
856	input Real tableAvailable
857	"Dummy input to ensure correct sorting of function calls";
858	output Real y;
859	external"C" y = ModelicaStandardTables_CombiTable2D_getValue(tableID, u1, u2)
860	annotation (Library={"ModelicaStandardTables"});
861	end getTableValueNoDer;
862
863	function getDerTableValue
864	"Derivative of interpolated 2-dim. table defined by matrix"
865	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
866	input Modelica.Blocks.Types.ExternalCombiTable2D tableID;
867	input Real u1;
868	input Real u2;
869	input Real tableAvailable
870	"Dummy input to ensure correct sorting of function calls";
871	input Real der_u1;
872	input Real der_u2;
873	output Real der_y;
874	external"C" der_y = ModelicaStandardTables_CombiTable2D_getDerValue(tableID, u1, u2, der_u1, der_u2)
875	annotation (Library={"ModelicaStandardTables"});
876	end getDerTableValue;
877
878	initial algorithm
879	if tableOnFile then
880	tableOnFileRead := readTableData(tableID, false, verboseRead);
881	else
882	tableOnFileRead := 1.;
883	end if;
884	equation
885	if tableOnFile then
886	assert(tableName <> "NoName",
887	"tableOnFile = true and no table name given");
888	else
889	assert(size(table, 1) > 0 and size(table, 2) > 0,
890	"tableOnFile = false and parameter table is an empty matrix");
891	end if;
892	if smoothness == Modelica.Blocks.Types.Smoothness.ConstantSegments then
893	y = getTableValueNoDer(tableID, u1, u2, tableOnFileRead);
894	else
895	y = getTableValue(tableID, u1, u2, tableOnFileRead);
896	end if;
897	annotation (
898	Documentation(info="<html>
899	<p>
900	<b>Linear interpolation</b> in <b>two</b> dimensions of a <b>table</b>.
901	The grid points and function values are stored in a matrix \"table[i,j]\",
902	where:
903	</p>
904	<ul>
905	<li> the first column \"table[2:,1]\" contains the u[1] grid points,</li>
906	<li> the first row \"table[1,2:]\" contains the u[2] grid points,</li>
907	<li> the other rows and columns contain the data to be interpolated.</li>
908	</ul>
909	<p>
910	Example:
911	</p>
912	<pre>
913	\| \| \| \|
914	\| 1.0 \| 2.0 \| 3.0 \| // u2
915	-------------------------
916	1.0 \| 1.0 \| 3.0 \| 5.0 \|
917	-------------------------
918	2.0 \| 2.0 \| 4.0 \| 6.0 \|
919	-------------------------
920	// u1
921	is defined as
922	table = [0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0;
923	1.0, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0;
924	2.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0]
925	If, e.g., the input u is [1.0;1.0], the output y is 1.0,
926	e.g., the input u is [2.0;1.5], the output y is 3.0.
927	</pre>
928	<ul>
929	<li> The interpolation is <b>efficient</b>, because a search for a new
930	interpolation starts at the interval used in the last call.</li>
931	<li> If the table has only <b>one element</b>, the table value is returned,
932	independent of the value of the input signal.</li>
933	<li> If the input signal <b>u1</b> or <b>u2</b> is <b>outside</b> of the defined
934	<b>interval</b>, the corresponding value is also determined by linear
935	interpolation through the last or first two points of the table.</li>
936	<li> The grid values (first column and first row) have to be strictly
937	increasing.</li>
938	</ul>
939	<p>
940	The table matrix can be defined in the following ways:
941	</p>
942	<ol>
943	<li> Explicitly supplied as <b>parameter matrix</b> \"table\",
944	and the other parameters have the following values:
945	<pre>
946	tableName is \"NoName\" or has only blanks,
947	fileName is \"NoName\" or has only blanks.
948	</pre></li>
949	<li> <b>Read</b> from a <b>file</b> \"fileName\" where the matrix is stored as
950	\"tableName\". Both ASCII and MAT-file format is possible.
951	(The ASCII format is described below).
952	The MAT-file format comes in four different versions: v4, v6, v7 and v7.3.
953	The library supports at least v4, v6 and v7 whereas v7.3 is optional.
954	It is most convenient to generate the MAT-file from FreeMat or MATLAB®
955	by command
956	<pre>
957	save tables.mat tab1 tab2 tab3
958	</pre>
959	or Scilab by command
960	<pre>
961	savematfile tables.mat tab1 tab2 tab3
962	</pre>
963	when the three tables tab1, tab2, tab3 should be used from the model.<br>
964	Note, a fileName can be defined as URI by using the helper function
965	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Files.loadResource\">loadResource</a>.</li>
966	<li> Statically stored in function \"usertab\" in file \"usertab.c\".
967	The matrix is identified by \"tableName\". Parameter
968	fileName = \"NoName\" or has only blanks. Row-wise storage is always to be
969	preferred as otherwise the table is reallocated and transposed.
970	See the <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Blocks.Tables\">Tables</a> package
971	documentation for more details.</li>
972	</ol>
973	<p>
974	When the constant \"NO_FILE_SYSTEM\" is defined, all file I/O related parts of the
975	source code are removed by the C-preprocessor, such that no access to files takes place.
976	</p>
977	<p>
978	If tables are read from an ASCII-file, the file needs to have the
979	following structure (\"-----\" is not part of the file content):
980	</p>
981	<pre>
982	-----------------------------------------------------
983	#1
984	double table2D_1(3,4) # comment line
985	0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 # u[2] grid points
986	1.0 1.0 3.0 5.0
987	2.0 2.0 4.0 6.0
988
989	double table2D_2(4,4) # comment line
990	0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 # u[2] grid points
991	1.0 1.0 3.0 5.0
992	2.0 2.0 4.0 6.0
993	3.0 3.0 5.0 7.0
994	-----------------------------------------------------
995	</pre>
996	<p>
997	Note, that the first two characters in the file need to be
998	\"#1\" (a line comment defining the version number of the file format).
999	Afterwards, the corresponding matrix has to be declared
1000	with type (= \"double\" or \"float\"), name and actual dimensions.
1001	Finally, in successive rows of the file, the elements of the matrix
1002	have to be given. The elements have to be provided as a sequence of
1003	numbers in row-wise order (therefore a matrix row can span several
1004	lines in the file and need not start at the beginning of a line).
1005	Numbers have to be given according to C syntax (such as 2.3, -2, +2.e4).
1006	Number separators are spaces, tab (\t), comma (,), or semicolon (;).
1007	Several matrices may be defined one after another. Line comments start
1008	with the hash symbol (#) and can appear everywhere.
1009	Other characters, like trailing non comments, are not allowed in the file.
1010	The matrix elements are interpreted in exactly the same way
1011	as if the matrix is given as a parameter. For example, the first
1012	column \"table2D_1[2:,1]\" contains the u[1] grid points,
1013	and the first row \"table2D_1[1,2:]\" contains the u[2] grid points.
1014	</p>
1015
1016	<p>
1017	MATLAB is a registered trademark of The MathWorks, Inc.
1018	</p>
1019	</html>"),Icon(
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1103	Text(
1104	extent={{28,58},{52,44}},
1105	textString="u2",
1106	lineColor={0,0,255}),
1107	Text(
1108	extent={{-2,12},{32,-22}},
1109	textString="y",
1110	lineColor={0,0,255})}));
1111	end CombiTable2D;
1112	annotation (Documentation(info="<html>
1113	<p>This package contains blocks for one- and two-dimensional interpolation in tables. </p>
1114	<h4>Special interest topic: Statically stored tables for real-time simulation targets</h4>
1115	<p>Especially for use on real-time platform targets (e.g., HIL-simulators) with <b>no file system</b>, it is possible to statically
1116	store tables using a function "usertab" in a file conventionally named "usertab.c". This can be more efficient than providing the tables as Modelica parameter arrays.</p>
1117	<p>This is achieved by providing the tables in a specific structure as C-code and compiling that C-code together with the rest of the simulation model into a binary
1118	that can be executed on the target platform. The "Resources/Data/Tables/" subdirectory of the MSL installation directory contains the files
1119	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica/Resources/Data/Tables/usertab.c\">"usertab.c"</a> and <a href=\"modelica://Modelica/Resources/Data/Tables/usertab.h\">"usertab.h"</a>
1120	that can be used as a template for own developments. While "usertab.c" would be typically used unmodified, the
1121	"usertab.h" needs to adapted for the own needs.</p>
1122	<p>In order to work it is necessary that the compiler pulls in the "usertab.c" file. Different Modelica tools might provide different mechanisms to do so.
1123	Please consult the respective documentation/support for your Modelica tool.</p>
1124	<p>A possible (though a bit "hackish") Modelica standard conformant approach is to pull in the required files by utilizing a "dummy"-function that uses the Modelica external function
1125	interface to pull in the required "usertab.c". An example how this can be done is given below.</p>
1126	<pre>
1127	model Test25_usertab \"Test utilizing the usertab.c interface\"
1128	extends Modelica.Icons.Example;
1129	public
1130	Modelica.Blocks.Sources.RealExpression realExpression(y=getUsertab(t_new.y))
1131	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-40,-34},{-10,-14}})));
1132	Modelica.Blocks.Tables.CombiTable1D t_new(tableOnFile=true, tableName=\"TestTable_1D_a\")
1133	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-40,0},{-20,20}})));
1134	Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Clock clock
1135	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-80,0},{-60,20}})));
1136	protected
1137	encapsulated function getUsertab
1138	input Real dummy_u[:];
1139	output Real dummy_y;
1140	external \"C\" dummy_y= mydummyfunc(dummy_u);
1141	annotation(IncludeDirectory=\"modelica://Modelica/Resources/Data/Tables\",
1142	Include = \"#include \"usertab.c\"
1143	double mydummyfunc(const double* dummy_in) {
1144	return 0;
1145	}
1146	\");
1147	end getUsertab;
1148	equation
1149	connect(clock.y,t_new. u[1]) annotation (Line(
1150	points={{-59,10},{-42,10}},
1151	color={0,0,127},
1152	smooth=Smooth.None));
1153	annotation (experiment(StartTime=0, StopTime=5), uses(Modelica(version=\"3.2.1\")));
1154	end Test25_usertab;
1155	</pre>
1156	</html>"), Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=false, extent={{-100,-100},
1157	{100,100}}), graphics={
1158	Rectangle(
1159	extent={{-76,-26},{80,-76}},
1160	lineColor={95,95,95},
1161	fillColor={235,235,235},
1162	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
1163	Rectangle(
1164	extent={{-76,24},{80,-26}},
1165	lineColor={95,95,95},
1166	fillColor={235,235,235},
1167	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
1168	Rectangle(
1169	extent={{-76,74},{80,24}},
1170	lineColor={95,95,95},
1171	fillColor={235,235,235},
1172	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
1173	Line(
1174	points={{-28,74},{-28,-76}},
1175	color={95,95,95}),
1176	Line(
1177	points={{24,74},{24,-76}},
1178	color={95,95,95})}));
1179	end Tables;
1180
1181	package Types
1182	"Library of constants and types with choices, especially to build menus"
1183	extends Modelica.Icons.TypesPackage;
1184
1185	type Smoothness = enumeration(
1186	LinearSegments "Table points are linearly interpolated",
1187	ContinuousDerivative
1188	"Table points are interpolated such that the first derivative is continuous",
1189
1190	ConstantSegments
1191	"Table points are not interpolated, but the value from the previous abscissa point is returned")
1192	"Enumeration defining the smoothness of table interpolation";
1193
1194	type Init = enumeration(
1195	NoInit
1196	"No initialization (start values are used as guess values with fixed=false)",
1197
1198	SteadyState
1199	"Steady state initialization (derivatives of states are zero)",
1200	InitialState "Initialization with initial states",
1201	InitialOutput
1202	"Initialization with initial outputs (and steady state of the states if possible)")
1203	"Enumeration defining initialization of a block" annotation (Evaluate=true,
1204	Documentation(info="<html>
1205	<p>The following initialization alternatives are available:</p>
1206	<dl>
1207	<dt><code><strong>NoInit</strong></code></dt>
1208	<dd>No initialization (start values are used as guess values with <code>fixed=false</code>)</dd>
1209	<dt><code><strong>SteadyState</strong></code></dt>
1210	<dd>Steady state initialization (derivatives of states are zero)</dd>
1211	<dt><code><strong>InitialState</strong></code></dt>
1212	<dd>Initialization with initial states</dd>
1213	<dt><code><strong>InitialOutput</strong></code></dt>
1214	<dd>Initialization with initial outputs (and steady state of the states if possible)</dd>
1215	</dl>
1216	</html>"));
1217
1218	class ExternalCombiTable2D
1219	"External object of 2-dim. table defined by matrix"
1220	extends ExternalObject;
1221
1222	function constructor "Initialize 2-dim. table defined by matrix"
1223	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1224	input String tableName "Table name";
1225	input String fileName "File name";
1226	input Real table[:, :];
1227	input Modelica.Blocks.Types.Smoothness smoothness;
1228	output ExternalCombiTable2D externalCombiTable2D;
1229	external"C" externalCombiTable2D = ModelicaStandardTables_CombiTable2D_init(
1230	tableName,
1231	fileName,
1232	table,
1233	size(table, 1),
1234	size(table, 2),
1235	smoothness) annotation (Library={"ModelicaStandardTables"});
1236	end constructor;
1237
1238	function destructor "Terminate 2-dim. table defined by matrix"
1239	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1240	input ExternalCombiTable2D externalCombiTable2D;
1241	external"C" ModelicaStandardTables_CombiTable2D_close(externalCombiTable2D)
1242	annotation (Library={"ModelicaStandardTables"});
1243	end destructor;
1244
1245	end ExternalCombiTable2D;
1246	annotation (Documentation(info="<HTML>
1247	<p>
1248	In this package <b>types</b>, <b>constants</b> and <b>external objects</b> are defined that are used
1249	in library Modelica.Blocks. The types have additional annotation choices
1250	definitions that define the menus to be built up in the graphical
1251	user interface when the type is used as parameter in a declaration.
1252	</p>
1253	</HTML>"));
1254	end Types;
1255
1256	package Icons "Icons for Blocks"
1257	extends Modelica.Icons.IconsPackage;
1258
1259	partial block Block "Basic graphical layout of input/output block"
1260
1261	annotation (
1262	Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-100,-100},{
1263	100,100}}), graphics={Rectangle(
1264	extent={{-100,-100},{100,100}},
1265	lineColor={0,0,127},
1266	fillColor={255,255,255},
1267	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid), Text(
1268	extent={{-150,150},{150,110}},
1269	textString="%name",
1270	lineColor={0,0,255})}),
1271	Documentation(info="<html>
1272	<p>
1273	Block that has only the basic icon for an input/output
1274	block (no declarations, no equations). Most blocks
1275	of package Modelica.Blocks inherit directly or indirectly
1276	from this block.
1277	</p>
1278	</html>"));
1279
1280	end Block;
1281	end Icons;
1282	annotation (Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-100.0,-100.0},{100.0,100.0}}, initialScale=0.1), graphics={
1283	Rectangle(
1284	origin={0.0,35.1488},
1285	fillColor={255,255,255},
1286	extent={{-30.0,-20.1488},{30.0,20.1488}}),
1287	Rectangle(
1288	origin={0.0,-34.8512},
1289	fillColor={255,255,255},
1290	extent={{-30.0,-20.1488},{30.0,20.1488}}),
1291	Line(
1292	origin={-51.25,0.0},
1293	points={{21.25,-35.0},{-13.75,-35.0},{-13.75,35.0},{6.25,35.0}}),
1294	Polygon(
1295	origin={-40.0,35.0},
1296	pattern=LinePattern.None,
1297	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,
1298	points={{10.0,0.0},{-5.0,5.0},{-5.0,-5.0}}),
1299	Line(
1300	origin={51.25,0.0},
1301	points={{-21.25,35.0},{13.75,35.0},{13.75,-35.0},{-6.25,-35.0}}),
1302	Polygon(
1303	origin={40.0,-35.0},
1304	pattern=LinePattern.None,
1305	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,
1306	points={{-10.0,0.0},{5.0,5.0},{5.0,-5.0}})}), Documentation(info="<html>
1307	<p>
1308	This library contains input/output blocks to build up block diagrams.
1309	</p>
1310
1311	<dl>
1312	<dt><b>Main Author:</b>
1313	<dd><a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a><br>
1314	Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)<br>
1315	Oberpfaffenhofen<br>
1316	Postfach 1116<br>
1317	D-82230 Wessling<br>
1318	email: <A HREF=\"mailto:Martin.Otter@dlr.de\">Martin.Otter@dlr.de</A><br>
1319	</dl>
1320	<p>
1321	Copyright © 1998-2013, Modelica Association and DLR.
1322	</p>
1323	<p>
1324	<i>This Modelica package is <u>free</u> software and the use is completely at <u>your own risk</u>; it can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms of the Modelica License 2. For license conditions (including the disclaimer of warranty) see <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.UsersGuide.ModelicaLicense2\">Modelica.UsersGuide.ModelicaLicense2</a> or visit <a href=\"https://www.modelica.org/licenses/ModelicaLicense2\"> https://www.modelica.org/licenses/ModelicaLicense2</a>.</i>
1325	</p>
1326	</html>", revisions="<html>
1327	<ul>
1328	<li><i>June 23, 2004</i>
1329	by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a>:<br>
1330	Introduced new block connectors and adapted all blocks to the new connectors.
1331	Included subpackages Continuous, Discrete, Logical, Nonlinear from
1332	package ModelicaAdditions.Blocks.
1333	Included subpackage ModelicaAdditions.Table in Modelica.Blocks.Sources
1334	and in the new package Modelica.Blocks.Tables.
1335	Added new blocks to Blocks.Sources and Blocks.Logical.
1336	</li>
1337	<li><i>October 21, 2002</i>
1338	by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a>
1339	and <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Christian.Schweiger/\">Christian Schweiger</a>:<br>
1340	New subpackage Examples, additional components.
1341	</li>
1342	<li><i>June 20, 2000</i>
1343	by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a> and
1344	Michael Tiller:<br>
1345	Introduced a replaceable signal type into
1346	Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput/RealOutput:
1347	<pre>
1348	replaceable type SignalType = Real
1349	</pre>
1350	in order that the type of the signal of an input/output block
1351	can be changed to a physical type, for example:
1352	<pre>
1353	Sine sin1(outPort(redeclare type SignalType=Modelica.SIunits.Torque))
1354	</pre>
1355	</li>
1356	<li><i>Sept. 18, 1999</i>
1357	by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a>:<br>
1358	Renamed to Blocks. New subpackages Math, Nonlinear.
1359	Additional components in subpackages Interfaces, Continuous
1360	and Sources. </li>
1361	<li><i>June 30, 1999</i>
1362	by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a>:<br>
1363	Realized a first version, based on an existing Dymola library
1364	of Dieter Moormann and Hilding Elmqvist.</li>
1365	</ul>
1366	</html>"));
1367	end Blocks;
1368
1369	package Mechanics
1370	"Library of 1-dim. and 3-dim. mechanical components (multi-body, rotational, translational)"
1371	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
1372
1373	package Rotational
1374	"Library to model 1-dimensional, rotational mechanical systems"
1375	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
1376	import SI = Modelica.SIunits;
1377
1378	package Sensors
1379	"Sensors to measure variables in 1D rotational mechanical components"
1380	extends Modelica.Icons.SensorsPackage;
1381
1382	model PowerSensor
1383	"Ideal sensor to measure the power between two flanges (= flange_a.tau*der(flange_a.phi))"
1384
1385	extends Rotational.Interfaces.PartialRelativeSensor;
1386	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput power(unit="W")
1387	"Power in flange flange_a as output signal"
1388	annotation (Placement(transformation(
1389	origin={-80,-110},
1390	extent={{10,-10},{-10,10}},
1391	rotation=90)));
1392
1393	equation
1394	flange_a.phi = flange_b.phi;
1395	power = flange_a.tau*der(flange_a.phi);
1396	annotation (Documentation(info="<html>
1397	<p>
1398	Measures the <b>power between two flanges</b> in an ideal way
1399	and provides the result as output signal <b>power</b>
1400	(to be further processed with blocks of the Modelica.Blocks library).
1401	</p>
1402	</html>"), Icon(
1403	coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true,
1404	extent={{-100.0,-100.0},{100.0,100.0}},
1405	initialScale=0.1),
1406	graphics={
1407	Text(extent={{-50.0,-120.0},{100.0,-80.0}},
1408	textString="power"),
1409	Line(points={{-80.0,-100.0},{-80.0,0.0}},
1410	color={0,0,127})}));
1411	end PowerSensor;
1412	annotation (Documentation(info="<html>
1413	<p>
1414	This package contains ideal sensor components that provide
1415	the connector variables as signals for further processing with the
1416	Modelica.Blocks library.
1417	</p>
1418	</html>"));
1419	end Sensors;
1420
1421	package Interfaces
1422	"Connectors and partial models for 1D rotational mechanical components"
1423	extends Modelica.Icons.InterfacesPackage;
1424
1425	connector Flange_a
1426	"1-dim. rotational flange of a shaft (filled square icon)"
1427	SI.Angle phi "Absolute rotation angle of flange";
1428	flow SI.Torque tau "Cut torque in the flange";
1429	annotation (
1430	defaultComponentName="flange_a",
1431	Documentation(info="<html>
1432	<p>
1433	This is a connector for 1-dim. rotational mechanical systems and models
1434	the mechanical flange of a shaft. The following variables are defined in this connector:
1435	</p>
1436
1437	<table border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2>
1438	<tr><td valign=\"top\"> <b>phi</b></td>
1439	<td valign=\"top\"> Absolute rotation angle of the shaft flange in [rad] </td>
1440	</tr>
1441	<tr><td valign=\"top\"> <b>tau</b></td>
1442	<td valign=\"top\"> Cut-torque in the shaft flange in [Nm] </td>
1443	</tr>
1444	</table>
1445
1446	<p>
1447	There is a second connector for flanges: Flange_b. The connectors
1448	Flange_a and Flange_b are completely identical. There is only a difference
1449	in the icons, in order to easier identify a flange variable in a diagram.
1450	For a discussion on the actual direction of the cut-torque tau and
1451	of the rotation angle, see section
1452	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Mechanics.Rotational.UsersGuide.SignConventions\">Sign Conventions</a>
1453	in the user's guide of Rotational.
1454	</p>
1455
1456	<p>
1457	If needed, the absolute angular velocity w and the
1458	absolute angular acceleration a of the flange can be determined by
1459	differentiation of the flange angle phi:
1460	</p>
1461	<pre>
1462	w = der(phi); a = der(w)
1463	</pre>
1464	</html>"), Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-100,-100},{100,100}}), graphics={
1465	Ellipse(
1466	extent={{-100,100},{100,-100}},
1467	lineColor={0,0,0},
1468	fillColor={95,95,95},
1469	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid)}),
1470	Diagram(coordinateSystem(
1471	preserveAspectRatio=true,
1472	extent={{-100,-100},{100,100}}), graphics={Text(
1473	extent={{-160,90},{40,50}},
1474	lineColor={0,0,0},
1475	textString="%name"),Ellipse(
1476	extent={{-40,40},{40,-40}},
1477	lineColor={0,0,0},
1478	fillColor={135,135,135},
1479	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid)}));
1480	end Flange_a;
1481
1482	connector Flange_b
1483	"1-dim. rotational flange of a shaft (non-filled square icon)"
1484	SI.Angle phi "Absolute rotation angle of flange";
1485	flow SI.Torque tau "Cut torque in the flange";
1486	annotation (
1487	defaultComponentName="flange_b",
1488	Documentation(info="<html>
1489	<p>
1490	This is a connector for 1-dim. rotational mechanical systems and models
1491	the mechanical flange of a shaft. The following variables are defined in this connector:
1492	</p>
1493
1494	<table border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2>
1495	<tr><td valign=\"top\"> <b>phi</b></td>
1496	<td valign=\"top\"> Absolute rotation angle of the shaft flange in [rad] </td>
1497	</tr>
1498	<tr><td valign=\"top\"> <b>tau</b></td>
1499	<td valign=\"top\"> Cut-torque in the shaft flange in [Nm] </td>
1500	</tr>
1501	</table>
1502
1503	<p>
1504	There is a second connector for flanges: Flange_a. The connectors
1505	Flange_a and Flange_b are completely identical. There is only a difference
1506	in the icons, in order to easier identify a flange variable in a diagram.
1507	For a discussion on the actual direction of the cut-torque tau and
1508	of the rotation angle, see section
1509	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Mechanics.Rotational.UsersGuide.SignConventions\">Sign Conventions</a>
1510	in the user's guide of Rotational.
1511	</p>
1512
1513	<p>
1514	If needed, the absolute angular velocity w and the
1515	absolute angular acceleration a of the flange can be determined by
1516	differentiation of the flange angle phi:
1517	</p>
1518	<pre>
1519	w = der(phi); a = der(w)
1520	</pre>
1521	</html>"), Icon(coordinateSystem(
1522	preserveAspectRatio=true,
1523	extent={{-100,-100},{100,100}}), graphics={Ellipse(
1524	extent={{-98,100},{102,-100}},
1525	lineColor={0,0,0},
1526	fillColor={255,255,255},
1527	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid)}),
1528	Diagram(coordinateSystem(
1529	preserveAspectRatio=true,
1530	extent={{-100,-100},{100,100}}), graphics={Ellipse(
1531	extent={{-40,40},{40,-40}},
1532	lineColor={0,0,0},
1533	fillColor={255,255,255},
1534	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),Text(
1535	extent={{-40,90},{160,50}},
1536	lineColor={0,0,0},
1537	textString="%name")}));
1538	end Flange_b;
1539
1540	partial model PartialRelativeSensor
1541	"Partial model to measure a single relative variable between two flanges"
1542	extends Modelica.Icons.RotationalSensor;
1543
1544	Flange_a flange_a "Left flange of shaft" annotation (Placement(
1545	transformation(extent={{-110,-10},{-90,10}}, rotation=0)));
1546	Flange_b flange_b "Right flange of shaft" annotation (Placement(
1547	transformation(extent={{90,-10},{110,10}}, rotation=0)));
1548
1549	equation
1550	0 = flange_a.tau + flange_b.tau;
1551	annotation (Documentation(info="<html>
1552	<p>
1553	This is a partial model for 1-dim. rotational components with two rigidly connected
1554	flanges in order to measure relative kinematic quantities
1555	between the two flanges or the cut-torque in the flange and
1556	to provide the measured signal as output signal for further processing
1557	with the blocks of package Modelica.Blocks.
1558	</p>
1559	</html>"), Icon(
1560	coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true,
1561	extent={{-100.0,-100.0},{100.0,100.0}},
1562	initialScale=0.1),
1563	graphics={
1564	Line(points={{-70.0,0.0},{-90.0,0.0}}),
1565	Line(points={{70.0,0.0},{90.0,0.0}}),
1566	Text(lineColor={0,0,255},
1567	extent={{-150.0,73.0},{150.0,113.0}},
1568	textString="%name")}));
1569	end PartialRelativeSensor;
1570	annotation (Documentation(info="<html>
1571	<p>
1572	This package contains connectors and partial models for 1-dim.
1573	rotational mechanical components. The components of this package can
1574	only be used as basic building elements for models.
1575	</p>
1576	</html>"));
1577	end Interfaces;
1578	annotation (Documentation(info="<html>
1579
1580	<p>
1581	Library <b>Rotational</b> is a <b>free</b> Modelica package providing
1582	1-dimensional, rotational mechanical components to model in a convenient way
1583	drive trains with frictional losses. A typical, simple example is shown
1584	in the next figure:
1585	</p>
1586
1587	<img src=\"modelica://Modelica/Resources/Images/Mechanics/Rotational/driveExample.png\">
1588
1589	<p>
1590	For an introduction, have especially a look at:
1591	</p>
1592	<ul>
1593	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Mechanics.Rotational.UsersGuide\">Rotational.UsersGuide</a>
1594	discusses the most important aspects how to use this library.</li>
1595	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Mechanics.Rotational.Examples\">Rotational.Examples</a>
1596	contains examples that demonstrate the usage of this library.</li>
1597	</ul>
1598
1599	<p>
1600	In version 3.0 of the Modelica Standard Library, the basic design of the
1601	library has changed: Previously, bearing connectors could or could not be connected.
1602	In 3.0, the bearing connector is renamed to \"<b>support</b>\" and this connector
1603	is enabled via parameter \"useSupport\". If the support connector is enabled,
1604	it must be connected, and if it is not enabled, it must not be connected.
1605	</p>
1606
1607	<p>
1608	In version 3.2 of the Modelica Standard Library, all <b>dissipative</b> components
1609	of the Rotational library got an optional <b>heatPort</b> connector to which the
1610	dissipated energy is transported in form of heat. This connector is enabled
1611	via parameter \"useHeatPort\". If the heatPort connector is enabled,
1612	it must be connected, and if it is not enabled, it must not be connected.
1613	Independently, whether the heatPort is enabled or not,
1614	the dissipated power is available from the new variable \"<b>lossPower</b>\" (which is
1615	positive if heat is flowing out of the heatPort). For an example, see
1616	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Mechanics.Rotational.Examples.HeatLosses\">Examples.HeatLosses</a>.
1617	</p>
1618
1619	<p>
1620	Copyright © 1998-2013, Modelica Association and DLR.
1621	</p>
1622	<p>
1623	<i>This Modelica package is <u>free</u> software and the use is completely at <u>your own risk</u>; it can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms of the Modelica License 2. For license conditions (including the disclaimer of warranty) see <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.UsersGuide.ModelicaLicense2\">Modelica.UsersGuide.ModelicaLicense2</a> or visit <a href=\"https://www.modelica.org/licenses/ModelicaLicense2\"> https://www.modelica.org/licenses/ModelicaLicense2</a>.</i>
1624	</p>
1625	</html>", revisions=""), Icon(
1626	coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true,
1627	extent={{-100.0,-100.0},{100.0,100.0}},
1628	initialScale=0.1),
1629	graphics={
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1631	origin={-2.0,46.0},
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1675	extent={{27.6923,-80.0},{67.6923,-60.0}})}));
1676	end Rotational;
1677	annotation (
1678	Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-100.0,-100.0},{100.0,100.0}}, initialScale=0.1), graphics={
1679	Rectangle(
1680	origin={8.6,63.3333},
1681	lineColor={64,64,64},
1682	fillColor={192,192,192},
1683	fillPattern=FillPattern.HorizontalCylinder,
1684	extent={{-4.6,-93.3333},{41.4,-53.3333}}),
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1686	origin={9.0,46.0},
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1689	origin={9.0,46.0},
1690	points={{-85.0,-55.0},{-60.0,-21.0}},
1691	thickness=0.5),
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1693	origin={9.0,46.0},
1694	extent={{-65.0,-26.0},{-55.0,-16.0}}),
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1704	origin={9.0,46.0},
1705	points={{-10.0,-26.0},{72.0,-26.0},{72.0,-86.0},{-10.0,-86.0}})}),
1706	Documentation(info="<HTML>
1707	<p>
1708	This package contains components to model the movement
1709	of 1-dim. rotational, 1-dim. translational, and
1710	3-dim. <b>mechanical systems</b>.
1711	</p>
1712
1713	<p>
1714	Note, all <b>dissipative</b> components of the Modelica.Mechanics library have
1715	an optional <b>heatPort</b> connector to which the
1716	dissipated energy is transported in form of heat. This connector is enabled
1717	via parameter \"useHeatPort\". If the heatPort connector is enabled,
1718	it must be connected, and if it is not enabled, it must not be connected.
1719	Independently, whether the heatPort is enabled or not,
1720	the dissipated power is available from variable \"<b>lossPower</b>\" (which is
1721	positive if heat is flowing out of the heatPort).
1722	</p>
1723	</html>"));
1724	end Mechanics;
1725
1726	package Media "Library of media property models"
1727	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
1728	import SI = Modelica.SIunits;
1729	import Cv = Modelica.SIunits.Conversions;
1730
1731	package Interfaces "Interfaces for media models"
1732	extends Modelica.Icons.InterfacesPackage;
1733
1734	partial package PartialMedium
1735	"Partial medium properties (base package of all media packages)"
1736	extends Modelica.Media.Interfaces.Types;
1737	extends Modelica.Icons.MaterialPropertiesPackage;
1738
1739	// Constants to be set in Medium
1740	constant Modelica.Media.Interfaces.Choices.IndependentVariables
1741	ThermoStates "Enumeration type for independent variables";
1742	constant String mediumName="unusablePartialMedium" "Name of the medium";
1743	constant String substanceNames[:]={mediumName}
1744	"Names of the mixture substances. Set substanceNames={mediumName} if only one substance.";
1745	constant String extraPropertiesNames[:]=fill("", 0)
1746	"Names of the additional (extra) transported properties. Set extraPropertiesNames=fill(\"\",0) if unused";
1747	constant Boolean singleState
1748	"= true, if u and d are not a function of pressure";
1749	constant Boolean reducedX=true
1750	"= true if medium contains the equation sum(X) = 1.0; set reducedX=true if only one substance (see docu for details)";
1751	constant Boolean fixedX=false
1752	"= true if medium contains the equation X = reference_X";
1753	constant AbsolutePressure reference_p=101325
1754	"Reference pressure of Medium: default 1 atmosphere";
1755	constant Temperature reference_T=298.15
1756	"Reference temperature of Medium: default 25 deg Celsius";
1757	constant MassFraction reference_X[nX]=fill(1/nX, nX)
1758	"Default mass fractions of medium";
1759	constant AbsolutePressure p_default=101325
1760	"Default value for pressure of medium (for initialization)";
1761	constant Temperature T_default=Modelica.SIunits.Conversions.from_degC(20)
1762	"Default value for temperature of medium (for initialization)";
1763	constant SpecificEnthalpy h_default=specificEnthalpy_pTX(
1764	p_default,
1765	T_default,
1766	X_default)
1767	"Default value for specific enthalpy of medium (for initialization)";
1768	constant MassFraction X_default[nX]=reference_X
1769	"Default value for mass fractions of medium (for initialization)";
1770
1771	final constant Integer nS=size(substanceNames, 1) "Number of substances"
1772	annotation (Evaluate=true);
1773	constant Integer nX=nS "Number of mass fractions" annotation (Evaluate=true);
1774	constant Integer nXi=if fixedX then 0 else if reducedX then nS - 1 else nS
1775	"Number of structurally independent mass fractions (see docu for details)"
1776	annotation (Evaluate=true);
1777
1778	final constant Integer nC=size(extraPropertiesNames, 1)
1779	"Number of extra (outside of standard mass-balance) transported properties"
1780	annotation (Evaluate=true);
1781	constant Real C_nominal[nC](min=fill(Modelica.Constants.eps, nC)) = 1.0e-6*
1782	ones(nC) "Default for the nominal values for the extra properties";
1783	replaceable record FluidConstants =
1784	Modelica.Media.Interfaces.Types.Basic.FluidConstants
1785	"Critical, triple, molecular and other standard data of fluid";
1786
1787	replaceable record ThermodynamicState
1788	"Minimal variable set that is available as input argument to every medium function"
1789	extends Modelica.Icons.Record;
1790	end ThermodynamicState;
1791
1792	replaceable partial model BaseProperties
1793	"Base properties (p, d, T, h, u, R, MM and, if applicable, X and Xi) of a medium"
1794	InputAbsolutePressure p "Absolute pressure of medium";
1795	InputMassFraction[nXi] Xi(start=reference_X[1:nXi])
1796	"Structurally independent mass fractions";
1797	InputSpecificEnthalpy h "Specific enthalpy of medium";
1798	Density d "Density of medium";
1799	Temperature T "Temperature of medium";
1800	MassFraction[nX] X(start=reference_X)
1801	"Mass fractions (= (component mass)/total mass m_i/m)";
1802	SpecificInternalEnergy u "Specific internal energy of medium";
1803	SpecificHeatCapacity R "Gas constant (of mixture if applicable)";
1804	MolarMass MM "Molar mass (of mixture or single fluid)";
1805	ThermodynamicState state
1806	"Thermodynamic state record for optional functions";
1807	parameter Boolean preferredMediumStates=false
1808	"= true if StateSelect.prefer shall be used for the independent property variables of the medium"
1809	annotation (Evaluate=true, Dialog(tab="Advanced"));
1810	parameter Boolean standardOrderComponents=true
1811	"If true, and reducedX = true, the last element of X will be computed from the other ones";
1812	SI.Conversions.NonSIunits.Temperature_degC T_degC=
1813	Modelica.SIunits.Conversions.to_degC(T)
1814	"Temperature of medium in [degC]";
1815	SI.Conversions.NonSIunits.Pressure_bar p_bar=
1816	Modelica.SIunits.Conversions.to_bar(p)
1817	"Absolute pressure of medium in [bar]";
1818
1819	// Local connector definition, used for equation balancing check
1820	connector InputAbsolutePressure = input SI.AbsolutePressure
1821	"Pressure as input signal connector";
1822	connector InputSpecificEnthalpy = input SI.SpecificEnthalpy
1823	"Specific enthalpy as input signal connector";
1824	connector InputMassFraction = input SI.MassFraction
1825	"Mass fraction as input signal connector";
1826
1827	equation
1828	if standardOrderComponents then
1829	Xi = X[1:nXi];
1830
1831	if fixedX then
1832	X = reference_X;
1833	end if;
1834	if reducedX and not fixedX then
1835	X[nX] = 1 - sum(Xi);
1836	end if;
1837	for i in 1:nX loop
1838	assert(X[i] >= -1.e-5 and X[i] <= 1 + 1.e-5, "Mass fraction X[" +
1839	String(i) + "] = " + String(X[i]) + "of substance " +
1840	substanceNames[i] + "\nof medium " + mediumName +
1841	" is not in the range 0..1");
1842	end for;
1843
1844	end if;
1845
1846	assert(p >= 0.0, "Pressure (= " + String(p) + " Pa) of medium \"" +
1847	mediumName + "\" is negative\n(Temperature = " + String(T) + " K)");
1848	annotation (Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-100,
1849	-100},{100,100}}), graphics={Rectangle(
1850	extent={{-100,100},{100,-100}},
1851	fillColor={255,255,255},
1852	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,
1853	lineColor={0,0,255}), Text(
1854	extent={{-152,164},{152,102}},
1855	textString="%name",
1856	lineColor={0,0,255})}), Documentation(info="<html>
1857	<p>
1858	Model <b>BaseProperties</b> is a model within package <b>PartialMedium</b>
1859	and contains the <b>declarations</b> of the minimum number of
1860	variables that every medium model is supposed to support.
1861	A specific medium inherits from model <b>BaseProperties</b> and provides
1862	the equations for the basic properties.</p>
1863	<p>
1864	The BaseProperties model contains the following <b>7+nXi variables</b>
1865	(nXi is the number of independent mass fractions defined in package
1866	PartialMedium):
1867	</p>
1868	<table border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2>
1869	<tr><td valign=\"top\"><b>Variable</b></td>
1870	<td valign=\"top\"><b>Unit</b></td>
1871	<td valign=\"top\"><b>Description</b></td></tr>
1872	<tr><td valign=\"top\">T</td>
1873	<td valign=\"top\">K</td>
1874	<td valign=\"top\">temperature</td></tr>
1875	<tr><td valign=\"top\">p</td>
1876	<td valign=\"top\">Pa</td>
1877	<td valign=\"top\">absolute pressure</td></tr>
1878	<tr><td valign=\"top\">d</td>
1879	<td valign=\"top\">kg/m3</td>
1880	<td valign=\"top\">density</td></tr>
1881	<tr><td valign=\"top\">h</td>
1882	<td valign=\"top\">J/kg</td>
1883	<td valign=\"top\">specific enthalpy</td></tr>
1884	<tr><td valign=\"top\">u</td>
1885	<td valign=\"top\">J/kg</td>
1886	<td valign=\"top\">specific internal energy</td></tr>
1887	<tr><td valign=\"top\">Xi[nXi]</td>
1888	<td valign=\"top\">kg/kg</td>
1889	<td valign=\"top\">independent mass fractions m_i/m</td></tr>
1890	<tr><td valign=\"top\">R</td>
1891	<td valign=\"top\">J/kg.K</td>
1892	<td valign=\"top\">gas constant</td></tr>
1893	<tr><td valign=\"top\">M</td>
1894	<td valign=\"top\">kg/mol</td>
1895	<td valign=\"top\">molar mass</td></tr>
1896	</table>
1897	<p>
1898	In order to implement an actual medium model, one can extend from this
1899	base model and add <b>5 equations</b> that provide relations among
1900	these variables. Equations will also have to be added in order to
1901	set all the variables within the ThermodynamicState record state.</p>
1902	<p>
1903	If standardOrderComponents=true, the full composition vector X[nX]
1904	is determined by the equations contained in this base class, depending
1905	on the independent mass fraction vector Xi[nXi].</p>
1906	<p>Additional <b>2 + nXi</b> equations will have to be provided
1907	when using the BaseProperties model, in order to fully specify the
1908	thermodynamic conditions. The input connector qualifier applied to
1909	p, h, and nXi indirectly declares the number of missing equations,
1910	permitting advanced equation balance checking by Modelica tools.
1911	Please note that this doesn't mean that the additional equations
1912	should be connection equations, nor that exactly those variables
1913	should be supplied, in order to complete the model.
1914	For further information, see the Modelica.Media User's guide, and
1915	Section 4.7 (Balanced Models) of the Modelica 3.0 specification.</p>
1916	</html>"));
1917	end BaseProperties;
1918
1919	replaceable partial function setState_pTX
1920	"Return thermodynamic state as function of p, T and composition X or Xi"
1921	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1922	input AbsolutePressure p "Pressure";
1923	input Temperature T "Temperature";
1924	input MassFraction X[:]=reference_X "Mass fractions";
1925	output ThermodynamicState state "Thermodynamic state record";
1926	end setState_pTX;
1927
1928	replaceable partial function setState_phX
1929	"Return thermodynamic state as function of p, h and composition X or Xi"
1930	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1931	input AbsolutePressure p "Pressure";
1932	input SpecificEnthalpy h "Specific enthalpy";
1933	input MassFraction X[:]=reference_X "Mass fractions";
1934	output ThermodynamicState state "Thermodynamic state record";
1935	end setState_phX;
1936
1937	replaceable partial function setState_psX
1938	"Return thermodynamic state as function of p, s and composition X or Xi"
1939	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1940	input AbsolutePressure p "Pressure";
1941	input SpecificEntropy s "Specific entropy";
1942	input MassFraction X[:]=reference_X "Mass fractions";
1943	output ThermodynamicState state "Thermodynamic state record";
1944	end setState_psX;
1945
1946	replaceable partial function setState_dTX
1947	"Return thermodynamic state as function of d, T and composition X or Xi"
1948	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1949	input Density d "Density";
1950	input Temperature T "Temperature";
1951	input MassFraction X[:]=reference_X "Mass fractions";
1952	output ThermodynamicState state "Thermodynamic state record";
1953	end setState_dTX;
1954
1955	replaceable partial function setSmoothState
1956	"Return thermodynamic state so that it smoothly approximates: if x > 0 then state_a else state_b"
1957	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1958	input Real x "m_flow or dp";
1959	input ThermodynamicState state_a "Thermodynamic state if x > 0";
1960	input ThermodynamicState state_b "Thermodynamic state if x < 0";
1961	input Real x_small(min=0)
1962	"Smooth transition in the region -x_small < x < x_small";
1963	output ThermodynamicState state
1964	"Smooth thermodynamic state for all x (continuous and differentiable)";
1965	annotation (Documentation(info="<html>
1966	<p>
1967	This function is used to approximate the equation
1968	</p>
1969	<pre>
1970	state = <b>if</b> x > 0 <b>then</b> state_a <b>else</b> state_b;
1971	</pre>
1972
1973	<p>
1974	by a smooth characteristic, so that the expression is continuous and differentiable:
1975	</p>
1976
1977	<pre>
1978	state := <b>smooth</b>(1, <b>if</b> x > x_small <b>then</b> state_a <b>else</b>
1979	<b>if</b> x < -x_small <b>then</b> state_b <b>else</b> f(state_a, state_b));
1980	</pre>
1981
1982	<p>
1983	This is performed by applying function <b>Media.Common.smoothStep</b>(..)
1984	on every element of the thermodynamic state record.
1985	</p>
1986
1987	<p>
1988	If <b>mass fractions</b> X[:] are approximated with this function then this can be performed
1989	for all <b>nX</b> mass fractions, instead of applying it for nX-1 mass fractions and computing
1990	the last one by the mass fraction constraint sum(X)=1. The reason is that the approximating function has the
1991	property that sum(state.X) = 1, provided sum(state_a.X) = sum(state_b.X) = 1.
1992	This can be shown by evaluating the approximating function in the abs(x) < x_small
1993	region (otherwise state.X is either state_a.X or state_b.X):
1994	</p>
1995
1996	<pre>
1997	X[1] = smoothStep(x, X_a[1] , X_b[1] , x_small);
1998	X[2] = smoothStep(x, X_a[2] , X_b[2] , x_small);
1999	...
2000	X[nX] = smoothStep(x, X_a[nX], X_b[nX], x_small);
2001	</pre>
2002
2003	<p>
2004	or
2005	</p>
2006
2007	<pre>
2008	X[1] = c*(X_a[1] - X_b[1]) + (X_a[1] + X_b[1])/2
2009	X[2] = c*(X_a[2] - X_b[2]) + (X_a[2] + X_b[2])/2;
2010	...
2011	X[nX] = c*(X_a[nX] - X_b[nX]) + (X_a[nX] + X_b[nX])/2;
2012	c = (x/x_small)*((x/x_small)^2 - 3)/4
2013	</pre>
2014
2015	<p>
2016	Summing all mass fractions together results in
2017	</p>
2018
2019	<pre>
2020	sum(X) = c*(sum(X_a) - sum(X_b)) + (sum(X_a) + sum(X_b))/2
2021	= c*(1 - 1) + (1 + 1)/2
2022	= 1
2023	</pre>
2024
2025	</html>"));
2026	end setSmoothState;
2027
2028	replaceable partial function dynamicViscosity "Return dynamic viscosity"
2029	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2030	input ThermodynamicState state "Thermodynamic state record";
2031	output DynamicViscosity eta "Dynamic viscosity";
2032	end dynamicViscosity;
2033
2034	replaceable partial function thermalConductivity
2035	"Return thermal conductivity"
2036	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2037	input ThermodynamicState state "Thermodynamic state record";
2038	output ThermalConductivity lambda "Thermal conductivity";
2039	end thermalConductivity;
2040
2041	replaceable function prandtlNumber "Return the Prandtl number"
2042	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2043	input ThermodynamicState state "Thermodynamic state record";
2044	output PrandtlNumber Pr "Prandtl number";
2045	algorithm
2046	Pr := dynamicViscosity(state)*specificHeatCapacityCp(state)/
2047	thermalConductivity(state);
2048	end prandtlNumber;
2049
2050	replaceable partial function pressure "Return pressure"
2051	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2052	input ThermodynamicState state "Thermodynamic state record";
2053	output AbsolutePressure p "Pressure";
2054	end pressure;
2055
2056	replaceable partial function temperature "Return temperature"
2057	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2058	input ThermodynamicState state "Thermodynamic state record";
2059	output Temperature T "Temperature";
2060	end temperature;
2061
2062	replaceable partial function density "Return density"
2063	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2064	input ThermodynamicState state "Thermodynamic state record";
2065	output Density d "Density";
2066	end density;
2067
2068	replaceable partial function specificEnthalpy "Return specific enthalpy"
2069	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2070	input ThermodynamicState state "Thermodynamic state record";
2071	output SpecificEnthalpy h "Specific enthalpy";
2072	end specificEnthalpy;
2073
2074	replaceable partial function specificInternalEnergy
2075	"Return specific internal energy"
2076	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2077	input ThermodynamicState state "Thermodynamic state record";
2078	output SpecificEnergy u "Specific internal energy";
2079	end specificInternalEnergy;
2080
2081	replaceable partial function specificEntropy "Return specific entropy"
2082	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2083	input ThermodynamicState state "Thermodynamic state record";
2084	output SpecificEntropy s "Specific entropy";
2085	end specificEntropy;
2086
2087	replaceable partial function specificGibbsEnergy
2088	"Return specific Gibbs energy"
2089	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2090	input ThermodynamicState state "Thermodynamic state record";
2091	output SpecificEnergy g "Specific Gibbs energy";
2092	end specificGibbsEnergy;
2093
2094	replaceable partial function specificHelmholtzEnergy
2095	"Return specific Helmholtz energy"
2096	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2097	input ThermodynamicState state "Thermodynamic state record";
2098	output SpecificEnergy f "Specific Helmholtz energy";
2099	end specificHelmholtzEnergy;
2100
2101	replaceable partial function specificHeatCapacityCp
2102	"Return specific heat capacity at constant pressure"
2103	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2104	input ThermodynamicState state "Thermodynamic state record";
2105	output SpecificHeatCapacity cp
2106	"Specific heat capacity at constant pressure";
2107	end specificHeatCapacityCp;
2108
2109	function heatCapacity_cp = specificHeatCapacityCp
2110	"Alias for deprecated name";
2111
2112	replaceable partial function specificHeatCapacityCv
2113	"Return specific heat capacity at constant volume"
2114	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2115	input ThermodynamicState state "Thermodynamic state record";
2116	output SpecificHeatCapacity cv
2117	"Specific heat capacity at constant volume";
2118	end specificHeatCapacityCv;
2119
2120	function heatCapacity_cv = specificHeatCapacityCv
2121	"Alias for deprecated name";
2122
2123	replaceable partial function isentropicExponent
2124	"Return isentropic exponent"
2125	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2126	input ThermodynamicState state "Thermodynamic state record";
2127	output IsentropicExponent gamma "Isentropic exponent";
2128	end isentropicExponent;
2129
2130	replaceable partial function isentropicEnthalpy
2131	"Return isentropic enthalpy"
2132	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2133	input AbsolutePressure p_downstream "Downstream pressure";
2134	input ThermodynamicState refState "Reference state for entropy";
2135	output SpecificEnthalpy h_is "Isentropic enthalpy";
2136	annotation (Documentation(info="<html>
2137	<p>
2138	This function computes an isentropic state transformation:
2139	</p>
2140	<ol>
2141	<li> A medium is in a particular state, refState.</li>
2142	<li> The enthalpy at another state (h_is) shall be computed
2143	under the assumption that the state transformation from refState to h_is
2144	is performed with a change of specific entropy ds = 0 and the pressure of state h_is
2145	is p_downstream and the composition X upstream and downstream is assumed to be the same.</li>
2146	</ol>
2147
2148	</html>"));
2149	end isentropicEnthalpy;
2150
2151	replaceable partial function velocityOfSound "Return velocity of sound"
2152	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2153	input ThermodynamicState state "Thermodynamic state record";
2154	output VelocityOfSound a "Velocity of sound";
2155	end velocityOfSound;
2156
2157	replaceable partial function isobaricExpansionCoefficient
2158	"Return overall the isobaric expansion coefficient beta"
2159	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2160	input ThermodynamicState state "Thermodynamic state record";
2161	output IsobaricExpansionCoefficient beta
2162	"Isobaric expansion coefficient";
2163	annotation (Documentation(info="<html>
2164	<pre>
2165	beta is defined as 1/v * der(v,T), with v = 1/d, at constant pressure p.
2166	</pre>
2167	</html>"));
2168	end isobaricExpansionCoefficient;
2169
2170	function beta = isobaricExpansionCoefficient
2171	"Alias for isobaricExpansionCoefficient for user convenience";
2172
2173	replaceable partial function isothermalCompressibility
2174	"Return overall the isothermal compressibility factor"
2175	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2176	input ThermodynamicState state "Thermodynamic state record";
2177	output SI.IsothermalCompressibility kappa "Isothermal compressibility";
2178	annotation (Documentation(info="<html>
2179	<pre>
2180
2181	kappa is defined as - 1/v * der(v,p), with v = 1/d at constant temperature T.
2182
2183	</pre>
2184	</html>"));
2185	end isothermalCompressibility;
2186
2187	function kappa = isothermalCompressibility
2188	"Alias of isothermalCompressibility for user convenience";
2189
2190	// explicit derivative functions for finite element models
2191	replaceable partial function density_derp_h
2192	"Return density derivative w.r.t. pressure at const specific enthalpy"
2193	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2194	input ThermodynamicState state "Thermodynamic state record";
2195	output DerDensityByPressure ddph "Density derivative w.r.t. pressure";
2196	end density_derp_h;
2197
2198	replaceable partial function density_derh_p
2199	"Return density derivative w.r.t. specific enthalpy at constant pressure"
2200	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2201	input ThermodynamicState state "Thermodynamic state record";
2202	output DerDensityByEnthalpy ddhp
2203	"Density derivative w.r.t. specific enthalpy";
2204	end density_derh_p;
2205
2206	replaceable partial function density_derp_T
2207	"Return density derivative w.r.t. pressure at const temperature"
2208	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2209	input ThermodynamicState state "Thermodynamic state record";
2210	output DerDensityByPressure ddpT "Density derivative w.r.t. pressure";
2211	end density_derp_T;
2212
2213	replaceable partial function density_derT_p
2214	"Return density derivative w.r.t. temperature at constant pressure"
2215	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2216	input ThermodynamicState state "Thermodynamic state record";
2217	output DerDensityByTemperature ddTp
2218	"Density derivative w.r.t. temperature";
2219	end density_derT_p;
2220
2221	replaceable partial function density_derX
2222	"Return density derivative w.r.t. mass fraction"
2223	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2224	input ThermodynamicState state "Thermodynamic state record";
2225	output Density[nX] dddX "Derivative of density w.r.t. mass fraction";
2226	end density_derX;
2227
2228	replaceable partial function molarMass
2229	"Return the molar mass of the medium"
2230	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2231	input ThermodynamicState state "Thermodynamic state record";
2232	output MolarMass MM "Mixture molar mass";
2233	end molarMass;
2234
2235	replaceable function specificEnthalpy_pTX
2236	"Return specific enthalpy from p, T, and X or Xi"
2237	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2238	input AbsolutePressure p "Pressure";
2239	input Temperature T "Temperature";
2240	input MassFraction X[:]=reference_X "Mass fractions";
2241	output SpecificEnthalpy h "Specific enthalpy";
2242	algorithm
2243	h := specificEnthalpy(setState_pTX(
2244	p,
2245	T,
2246	X));
2247	annotation (inverse(T=temperature_phX(
2248	p,
2249	h,
2250	X)));
2251	end specificEnthalpy_pTX;
2252
2253	replaceable function specificEntropy_pTX
2254	"Return specific enthalpy from p, T, and X or Xi"
2255	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2256	input AbsolutePressure p "Pressure";
2257	input Temperature T "Temperature";
2258	input MassFraction X[:]=reference_X "Mass fractions";
2259	output SpecificEntropy s "Specific entropy";
2260	algorithm
2261	s := specificEntropy(setState_pTX(
2262	p,
2263	T,
2264	X));
2265
2266	annotation (inverse(T=temperature_psX(
2267	p,
2268	s,
2269	X)));
2270	end specificEntropy_pTX;
2271
2272	replaceable function density_pTX "Return density from p, T, and X or Xi"
2273	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2274	input AbsolutePressure p "Pressure";
2275	input Temperature T "Temperature";
2276	input MassFraction X[:] "Mass fractions";
2277	output Density d "Density";
2278	algorithm
2279	d := density(setState_pTX(
2280	p,
2281	T,
2282	X));
2283	end density_pTX;
2284
2285	replaceable function temperature_phX
2286	"Return temperature from p, h, and X or Xi"
2287	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2288	input AbsolutePressure p "Pressure";
2289	input SpecificEnthalpy h "Specific enthalpy";
2290	input MassFraction X[:]=reference_X "Mass fractions";
2291	output Temperature T "Temperature";
2292	algorithm
2293	T := temperature(setState_phX(
2294	p,
2295	h,
2296	X));
2297	end temperature_phX;
2298
2299	replaceable function density_phX "Return density from p, h, and X or Xi"
2300	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2301	input AbsolutePressure p "Pressure";
2302	input SpecificEnthalpy h "Specific enthalpy";
2303	input MassFraction X[:]=reference_X "Mass fractions";
2304	output Density d "Density";
2305	algorithm
2306	d := density(setState_phX(
2307	p,
2308	h,
2309	X));
2310	end density_phX;
2311
2312	replaceable function temperature_psX
2313	"Return temperature from p,s, and X or Xi"
2314	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2315	input AbsolutePressure p "Pressure";
2316	input SpecificEntropy s "Specific entropy";
2317	input MassFraction X[:]=reference_X "Mass fractions";
2318	output Temperature T "Temperature";
2319	algorithm
2320	T := temperature(setState_psX(
2321	p,
2322	s,
2323	X));
2324	annotation (inverse(s=specificEntropy_pTX(
2325	p,
2326	T,
2327	X)));
2328	end temperature_psX;
2329
2330	replaceable function density_psX "Return density from p, s, and X or Xi"
2331	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2332	input AbsolutePressure p "Pressure";
2333	input SpecificEntropy s "Specific entropy";
2334	input MassFraction X[:]=reference_X "Mass fractions";
2335	output Density d "Density";
2336	algorithm
2337	d := density(setState_psX(
2338	p,
2339	s,
2340	X));
2341	end density_psX;
2342
2343	replaceable function specificEnthalpy_psX
2344	"Return specific enthalpy from p, s, and X or Xi"
2345	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2346	input AbsolutePressure p "Pressure";
2347	input SpecificEntropy s "Specific entropy";
2348	input MassFraction X[:]=reference_X "Mass fractions";
2349	output SpecificEnthalpy h "Specific enthalpy";
2350	algorithm
2351	h := specificEnthalpy(setState_psX(
2352	p,
2353	s,
2354	X));
2355	end specificEnthalpy_psX;
2356
2357	type MassFlowRate = SI.MassFlowRate (
2358	quantity="MassFlowRate." + mediumName,
2359	min=-1.0e5,
2360	max=1.e5) "Type for mass flow rate with medium specific attributes";
2361
2362	// Only for backwards compatibility to version 3.2 (
2363	// (do not use these definitions in new models, but use Modelica.Media.Interfaces.Choices instead)
2364	package Choices = Modelica.Media.Interfaces.Choices annotation (obsolete=
2365	"Use Modelica.Media.Interfaces.Choices");
2366
2367	annotation (Documentation(info="<html>
2368	<p>
2369	<b>PartialMedium</b> is a package and contains all <b>declarations</b> for
2370	a medium. This means that constants, models, and functions
2371	are defined that every medium is supposed to support
2372	(some of them are optional). A medium package
2373	inherits from <b>PartialMedium</b> and provides the
2374	equations for the medium. The details of this package
2375	are described in
2376	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.UsersGuide\">Modelica.Media.UsersGuide</a>.
2377	</p>
2378	</html>", revisions="<html>
2379
2380	</html>"));
2381	end PartialMedium;
2382
2383	partial package PartialMixtureMedium
2384	"Base class for pure substances of several chemical substances"
2385	extends PartialMedium(redeclare replaceable record FluidConstants =
2386	Modelica.Media.Interfaces.Types.IdealGas.FluidConstants);
2387
2388	redeclare replaceable record extends ThermodynamicState
2389	"Thermodynamic state variables"
2390	AbsolutePressure p "Absolute pressure of medium";
2391	Temperature T "Temperature of medium";
2392	MassFraction X[nX]
2393	"Mass fractions (= (component mass)/total mass m_i/m)";
2394	end ThermodynamicState;
2395
2396	constant FluidConstants[nS] fluidConstants "Constant data for the fluid";
2397
2398	replaceable function gasConstant
2399	"Return the gas constant of the mixture (also for liquids)"
2400	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2401	input ThermodynamicState state "Thermodynamic state";
2402	output SI.SpecificHeatCapacity R "Mixture gas constant";
2403	end gasConstant;
2404
2405	function moleToMassFractions
2406	"Return mass fractions X from mole fractions"
2407	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2408	input SI.MoleFraction moleFractions[:] "Mole fractions of mixture";
2409	input MolarMass[:] MMX "Molar masses of components";
2410	output SI.MassFraction X[size(moleFractions, 1)]
2411	"Mass fractions of gas mixture";
2412	protected
2413	MolarMass Mmix=moleFractions*MMX "Molar mass of mixture";
2414	algorithm
2415	for i in 1:size(moleFractions, 1) loop
2416	X[i] := moleFractions[i]*MMX[i]/Mmix;
2417	end for;
2418	annotation (smoothOrder=5);
2419	end moleToMassFractions;
2420
2421	function massToMoleFractions
2422	"Return mole fractions from mass fractions X"
2423	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2424	input SI.MassFraction X[:] "Mass fractions of mixture";
2425	input SI.MolarMass[:] MMX "Molar masses of components";
2426	output SI.MoleFraction moleFractions[size(X, 1)]
2427	"Mole fractions of gas mixture";
2428	protected
2429	Real invMMX[size(X, 1)] "Inverses of molar weights";
2430	SI.MolarMass Mmix "Molar mass of mixture";
2431	algorithm
2432	for i in 1:size(X, 1) loop
2433	invMMX[i] := 1/MMX[i];
2434	end for;
2435	Mmix := 1/(X*invMMX);
2436	for i in 1:size(X, 1) loop
2437	moleFractions[i] := Mmix*X[i]/MMX[i];
2438	end for;
2439	annotation (smoothOrder=5);
2440	end massToMoleFractions;
2441
2442	end PartialMixtureMedium;
2443
2444	package Choices "Types, constants to define menu choices"
2445	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
2446
2447	type IndependentVariables = enumeration(
2448	T "Temperature",
2449	pT "Pressure, Temperature",
2450	ph "Pressure, Specific Enthalpy",
2451	phX "Pressure, Specific Enthalpy, Mass Fraction",
2452	pTX "Pressure, Temperature, Mass Fractions",
2453	dTX "Density, Temperature, Mass Fractions")
2454	"Enumeration defining the independent variables of a medium";
2455
2456	type ReferenceEnthalpy = enumeration(
2457	ZeroAt0K
2458	"The enthalpy is 0 at 0 K (default), if the enthalpy of formation is excluded",
2459
2460	ZeroAt25C
2461	"The enthalpy is 0 at 25 degC, if the enthalpy of formation is excluded",
2462
2463	UserDefined
2464	"The user-defined reference enthalpy is used at 293.15 K (25 degC)")
2465	"Enumeration defining the reference enthalpy of a medium"
2466	annotation (
2467	Evaluate=true);
2468
2469	annotation (Documentation(info="<html>
2470	<p>
2471	Enumerations and data types for all types of fluids
2472	</p>
2473
2474	<p>
2475	Note: Reference enthalpy might have to be extended with enthalpy of formation.
2476	</p>
2477	</html>"));
2478	end Choices;
2479
2480	package Types "Types to be used in fluid models"
2481	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
2482
2483	type AbsolutePressure = SI.AbsolutePressure (
2484	min=0,
2485	max=1.e8,
2486	nominal=1.e5,
2487	start=1.e5)
2488	"Type for absolute pressure with medium specific attributes";
2489
2490	type Density = SI.Density (
2491	min=0,
2492	max=1.e5,
2493	nominal=1,
2494	start=1) "Type for density with medium specific attributes";
2495
2496	type DynamicViscosity = SI.DynamicViscosity (
2497	min=0,
2498	max=1.e8,
2499	nominal=1.e-3,
2500	start=1.e-3)
2501	"Type for dynamic viscosity with medium specific attributes";
2502
2503	type MassFraction = Real (
2504	quantity="MassFraction",
2505	final unit="kg/kg",
2506	min=0,
2507	max=1,
2508	nominal=0.1) "Type for mass fraction with medium specific attributes";
2509
2510	type MoleFraction = Real (
2511	quantity="MoleFraction",
2512	final unit="mol/mol",
2513	min=0,
2514	max=1,
2515	nominal=0.1) "Type for mole fraction with medium specific attributes";
2516
2517	type MolarMass = SI.MolarMass (
2518	min=0.001,
2519	max=0.25,
2520	nominal=0.032) "Type for molar mass with medium specific attributes";
2521
2522	type MolarVolume = SI.MolarVolume (
2523	min=1e-6,
2524	max=1.0e6,
2525	nominal=1.0) "Type for molar volume with medium specific attributes";
2526
2527	type IsentropicExponent = SI.RatioOfSpecificHeatCapacities (
2528	min=1,
2529	max=500000,
2530	nominal=1.2,
2531	start=1.2)
2532	"Type for isentropic exponent with medium specific attributes";
2533
2534	type SpecificEnergy = SI.SpecificEnergy (
2535	min=-1.0e8,
2536	max=1.e8,
2537	nominal=1.e6)
2538	"Type for specific energy with medium specific attributes";
2539
2540	type SpecificInternalEnergy = SpecificEnergy
2541	"Type for specific internal energy with medium specific attributes";
2542
2543	type SpecificEnthalpy = SI.SpecificEnthalpy (
2544	min=-1.0e10,
2545	max=1.e10,
2546	nominal=1.e6)
2547	"Type for specific enthalpy with medium specific attributes";
2548
2549	type SpecificEntropy = SI.SpecificEntropy (
2550	min=-1.e7,
2551	max=1.e7,
2552	nominal=1.e3)
2553	"Type for specific entropy with medium specific attributes";
2554
2555	type SpecificHeatCapacity = SI.SpecificHeatCapacity (
2556	min=0,
2557	max=1.e7,
2558	nominal=1.e3,
2559	start=1.e3)
2560	"Type for specific heat capacity with medium specific attributes";
2561
2562	type Temperature = SI.Temperature (
2563	min=1,
2564	max=1.e4,
2565	nominal=300,
2566	start=300) "Type for temperature with medium specific attributes";
2567
2568	type ThermalConductivity = SI.ThermalConductivity (
2569	min=0,
2570	max=500,
2571	nominal=1,
2572	start=1)
2573	"Type for thermal conductivity with medium specific attributes";
2574
2575	type PrandtlNumber = SI.PrandtlNumber (
2576	min=1e-3,
2577	max=1e5,
2578	nominal=1.0)
2579	"Type for Prandtl number with medium specific attributes";
2580
2581	type VelocityOfSound = SI.Velocity (
2582	min=0,
2583	max=1.e5,
2584	nominal=1000,
2585	start=1000)
2586	"Type for velocity of sound with medium specific attributes";
2587
2588	type ExtraProperty = Real (min=0.0, start=1.0)
2589	"Type for unspecified, mass-specific property transported by flow";
2590
2591	type IsobaricExpansionCoefficient = Real (
2592	min=0,
2593	max=1.0e8,
2594	unit="1/K")
2595	"Type for isobaric expansion coefficient with medium specific attributes";
2596
2597	type DipoleMoment = Real (
2598	min=0.0,
2599	max=2.0,
2600	unit="debye",
2601	quantity="ElectricDipoleMoment")
2602	"Type for dipole moment with medium specific attributes";
2603
2604	type DerDensityByPressure = SI.DerDensityByPressure
2605	"Type for partial derivative of density with respect to pressure with medium specific attributes";
2606
2607	type DerDensityByEnthalpy = SI.DerDensityByEnthalpy
2608	"Type for partial derivative of density with respect to enthalpy with medium specific attributes";
2609
2610	type DerDensityByTemperature = SI.DerDensityByTemperature
2611	"Type for partial derivative of density with respect to temperature with medium specific attributes";
2612
2613	package Basic
2614	"The most basic version of a record used in several degrees of detail"
2615	extends Icons.Package;
2616
2617	record FluidConstants
2618	"Critical, triple, molecular and other standard data of fluid"
2619	extends Modelica.Icons.Record;
2620	String iupacName
2621	"Complete IUPAC name (or common name, if non-existent)";
2622	String casRegistryNumber
2623	"Chemical abstracts sequencing number (if it exists)";
2624	String chemicalFormula
2625	"Chemical formula, (brutto, nomenclature according to Hill";
2626	String structureFormula "Chemical structure formula";
2627	MolarMass molarMass "Molar mass";
2628	end FluidConstants;
2629	end Basic;
2630
2631	package IdealGas
2632	"The ideal gas version of a record used in several degrees of detail"
2633	extends Icons.Package;
2634
2635	record FluidConstants "Extended fluid constants"
2636	extends Modelica.Media.Interfaces.Types.Basic.FluidConstants;
2637	Temperature criticalTemperature "Critical temperature";
2638	AbsolutePressure criticalPressure "Critical pressure";
2639	MolarVolume criticalMolarVolume "Critical molar Volume";
2640	Real acentricFactor "Pitzer acentric factor";
2641	// Temperature triplePointTemperature "Triple point temperature";
2642	// AbsolutePressure triplePointPressure "Triple point pressure";
2643	Temperature meltingPoint "Melting point at 101325 Pa";
2644	Temperature normalBoilingPoint "Normal boiling point (at 101325 Pa)";
2645	DipoleMoment dipoleMoment
2646	"Dipole moment of molecule in Debye (1 debye = 3.33564e10-30 C.m)";
2647	Boolean hasIdealGasHeatCapacity=false
2648	"True if ideal gas heat capacity is available";
2649	Boolean hasCriticalData=false "True if critical data are known";
2650	Boolean hasDipoleMoment=false "True if a dipole moment known";
2651	Boolean hasFundamentalEquation=false "True if a fundamental equation";
2652	Boolean hasLiquidHeatCapacity=false
2653	"True if liquid heat capacity is available";
2654	Boolean hasSolidHeatCapacity=false
2655	"True if solid heat capacity is available";
2656	Boolean hasAccurateViscosityData=false
2657	"True if accurate data for a viscosity function is available";
2658	Boolean hasAccurateConductivityData=false
2659	"True if accurate data for thermal conductivity is available";
2660	Boolean hasVapourPressureCurve=false
2661	"True if vapour pressure data, e.g., Antoine coefficents are known";
2662	Boolean hasAcentricFactor=false
2663	"True if Pitzer accentric factor is known";
2664	SpecificEnthalpy HCRIT0=0.0
2665	"Critical specific enthalpy of the fundamental equation";
2666	SpecificEntropy SCRIT0=0.0
2667	"Critical specific entropy of the fundamental equation";
2668	SpecificEnthalpy deltah=0.0
2669	"Difference between specific enthalpy model (h_m) and f.eq. (h_f) (h_m - h_f)";
2670	SpecificEntropy deltas=0.0
2671	"Difference between specific enthalpy model (s_m) and f.eq. (s_f) (s_m - s_f)";
2672	end FluidConstants;
2673	end IdealGas;
2674	end Types;
2675	annotation (Documentation(info="<HTML>
2676	<p>
2677	This package provides basic interfaces definitions of media models for different
2678	kind of media.
2679	</p>
2680	</HTML>"));
2681	end Interfaces;
2682
2683	package Common
2684	"Data structures and fundamental functions for fluid properties"
2685	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
2686
2687	function smoothStep
2688	"Approximation of a general step, such that the characteristic is continuous and differentiable"
2689	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2690	input Real x "Abscissa value";
2691	input Real y1 "Ordinate value for x > 0";
2692	input Real y2 "Ordinate value for x < 0";
2693	input Real x_small(min=0) = 1e-5
2694	"Approximation of step for -x_small <= x <= x_small; x_small > 0 required";
2695	output Real y
2696	"Ordinate value to approximate y = if x > 0 then y1 else y2";
2697	algorithm
2698	y := smooth(1, if x > x_small then y1 else if x < -x_small then y2 else if
2699	abs(x_small) > 0 then (x/x_small)((x/x_small)^2 - 3)(y2 - y1)/4 + (y1
2700	+ y2)/2 else (y1 + y2)/2);
2701
2702	annotation (
2703	Inline=true,
2704	smoothOrder=1,
2705	Documentation(revisions="<html>
2706	<ul>
2707	<li><i>April 29, 2008</i>
2708	by <a href=\"mailto:Martin.Otter@DLR.de\">Martin Otter</a>:<br>
2709	Designed and implemented.</li>
2710	<li><i>August 12, 2008</i>
2711	by <a href=\"mailto:Michael.Sielemann@dlr.de\">Michael Sielemann</a>:<br>
2712	Minor modification to cover the limit case <code>x_small -> 0</code> without division by zero.</li>
2713	</ul>
2714	</html>", info="<html>
2715	<p>
2716	This function is used to approximate the equation
2717	</p>
2718	<pre>
2719	y = <b>if</b> x > 0 <b>then</b> y1 <b>else</b> y2;
2720	</pre>
2721
2722	<p>
2723	by a smooth characteristic, so that the expression is continuous and differentiable:
2724	</p>
2725
2726	<pre>
2727	y = <b>smooth</b>(1, <b>if</b> x > x_small <b>then</b> y1 <b>else</b>
2728	<b>if</b> x < -x_small <b>then</b> y2 <b>else</b> f(y1, y2));
2729	</pre>
2730
2731	<p>
2732	In the region -x_small < x < x_small a 2nd order polynomial is used
2733	for a smooth transition from y1 to y2.
2734	</p>
2735
2736	<p>
2737	If <b>mass fractions</b> X[:] are approximated with this function then this can be performed
2738	for all <b>nX</b> mass fractions, instead of applying it for nX-1 mass fractions and computing
2739	the last one by the mass fraction constraint sum(X)=1. The reason is that the approximating function has the
2740	property that sum(X) = 1, provided sum(X_a) = sum(X_b) = 1
2741	(and y1=X_a[i], y2=X_b[i]).
2742	This can be shown by evaluating the approximating function in the abs(x) < x_small
2743	region (otherwise X is either X_a or X_b):
2744	</p>
2745
2746	<pre>
2747	X[1] = smoothStep(x, X_a[1] , X_b[1] , x_small);
2748	X[2] = smoothStep(x, X_a[2] , X_b[2] , x_small);
2749	...
2750	X[nX] = smoothStep(x, X_a[nX], X_b[nX], x_small);
2751	</pre>
2752
2753	<p>
2754	or
2755	</p>
2756
2757	<pre>
2758	X[1] = c*(X_a[1] - X_b[1]) + (X_a[1] + X_b[1])/2
2759	X[2] = c*(X_a[2] - X_b[2]) + (X_a[2] + X_b[2])/2;
2760	...
2761	X[nX] = c*(X_a[nX] - X_b[nX]) + (X_a[nX] + X_b[nX])/2;
2762	c = (x/x_small)*((x/x_small)^2 - 3)/4
2763	</pre>
2764
2765	<p>
2766	Summing all mass fractions together results in
2767	</p>
2768
2769	<pre>
2770	sum(X) = c*(sum(X_a) - sum(X_b)) + (sum(X_a) + sum(X_b))/2
2771	= c*(1 - 1) + (1 + 1)/2
2772	= 1
2773	</pre>
2774	</html>"));
2775	end smoothStep;
2776
2777	package OneNonLinearEquation
2778	"Determine solution of a non-linear algebraic equation in one unknown without derivatives in a reliable and efficient way"
2779	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
2780
2781	replaceable record f_nonlinear_Data
2782	"Data specific for function f_nonlinear"
2783	extends Modelica.Icons.Record;
2784	end f_nonlinear_Data;
2785
2786	replaceable partial function f_nonlinear
2787	"Nonlinear algebraic equation in one unknown: y = f_nonlinear(x,p,X)"
2788	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2789	input Real x "Independent variable of function";
2790	input Real p=0.0
2791	"Disregarded variables (here always used for pressure)";
2792	input Real[:] X=fill(0, 0)
2793	"Disregarded variables (her always used for composition)";
2794	input f_nonlinear_Data f_nonlinear_data
2795	"Additional data for the function";
2796	output Real y "= f_nonlinear(x)";
2797	// annotation(derivative(zeroDerivative=y)); // this must hold for all replaced functions
2798	end f_nonlinear;
2799
2800	replaceable function solve
2801	"Solve f_nonlinear(x_zero)=y_zero; f_nonlinear(x_min) - y_zero and f_nonlinear(x_max)-y_zero must have different sign"
2802	import Modelica.Utilities.Streams.error;
2803	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2804	input Real y_zero
2805	"Determine x_zero, such that f_nonlinear(x_zero) = y_zero";
2806	input Real x_min "Minimum value of x";
2807	input Real x_max "Maximum value of x";
2808	input Real pressure=0.0
2809	"Disregarded variables (here always used for pressure)";
2810	input Real[:] X=fill(0, 0)
2811	"Disregarded variables (here always used for composition)";
2812	input f_nonlinear_Data f_nonlinear_data
2813	"Additional data for function f_nonlinear";
2814	input Real x_tol=100*Modelica.Constants.eps
2815	"Relative tolerance of the result";
2816	output Real x_zero "f_nonlinear(x_zero) = y_zero";
2817	protected
2818	constant Real eps=Modelica.Constants.eps "Machine epsilon";
2819	constant Real x_eps=1e-10
2820	"Slight modification of x_min, x_max, since x_min, x_max are usually exactly at the borders T_min/h_min and then small numeric noise may make the interval invalid";
2821	Real x_min2=x_min - x_eps;
2822	Real x_max2=x_max + x_eps;
2823	Real a=x_min2 "Current best minimum interval value";
2824	Real b=x_max2 "Current best maximum interval value";
2825	Real c "Intermediate point a <= c <= b";
2826	Real d;
2827	Real e "b - a";
2828	Real m;
2829	Real s;
2830	Real p;
2831	Real q;
2832	Real r;
2833	Real tol;
2834	Real fa "= f_nonlinear(a) - y_zero";
2835	Real fb "= f_nonlinear(b) - y_zero";
2836	Real fc;
2837	Boolean found=false;
2838	algorithm
2839	// Check that f(x_min) and f(x_max) have different sign
2840	fa := f_nonlinear(
2841	x_min2,
2842	pressure,
2843	X,
2844	f_nonlinear_data) - y_zero;
2845	fb := f_nonlinear(
2846	x_max2,
2847	pressure,
2848	X,
2849	f_nonlinear_data) - y_zero;
2850	fc := fb;
2851	if fa > 0.0 and fb > 0.0 or fa < 0.0 and fb < 0.0 then
2852	error(
2853	"The arguments x_min and x_max to OneNonLinearEquation.solve(..)\n"
2854	+ "do not bracket the root of the single non-linear equation:\n" +
2855	" x_min = " + String(x_min2) + "\n" + " x_max = " + String(x_max2)
2856	+ "\n" + " y_zero = " + String(y_zero) + "\n" +
2857	" fa = f(x_min) - y_zero = " + String(fa) + "\n" +
2858	" fb = f(x_max) - y_zero = " + String(fb) + "\n" +
2859	"fa and fb must have opposite sign which is not the case");
2860	end if;
2861
2862	// Initialize variables
2863	c := a;
2864	fc := fa;
2865	e := b - a;
2866	d := e;
2867
2868	// Search loop
2869	while not found loop
2870	if abs(fc) < abs(fb) then
2871	a := b;
2872	b := c;
2873	c := a;
2874	fa := fb;
2875	fb := fc;
2876	fc := fa;
2877	end if;
2878
2879	tol := 2epsabs(b) + x_tol;
2880	m := (c - b)/2;
2881
2882	if abs(m) <= tol or fb == 0.0 then
2883	// root found (interval is small enough)
2884	found := true;
2885	x_zero := b;
2886	else
2887	// Determine if a bisection is needed
2888	if abs(e) < tol or abs(fa) <= abs(fb) then
2889	e := m;
2890	d := e;
2891	else
2892	s := fb/fa;
2893	if a == c then
2894	// linear interpolation
2895	p := 2ms;
2896	q := 1 - s;
2897	else
2898	// inverse quadratic interpolation
2899	q := fa/fc;
2900	r := fb/fc;
2901	p := s(2mq(q - r) - (b - a)*(r - 1));
2902	q := (q - 1)(r - 1)(s - 1);
2903	end if;
2904
2905	if p > 0 then
2906	q := -q;
2907	else
2908	p := -p;
2909	end if;
2910
2911	s := e;
2912	e := d;
2913	if 2p < 3mq - abs(tolq) and p < abs(0.5sq) then
2914	// interpolation successful
2915	d := p/q;
2916	else
2917	// use bi-section
2918	e := m;
2919	d := e;
2920	end if;
2921	end if;
2922
2923	// Best guess value is defined as "a"
2924	a := b;
2925	fa := fb;
2926	b := b + (if abs(d) > tol then d else if m > 0 then tol else -tol);
2927	fb := f_nonlinear(
2928	b,
2929	pressure,
2930	X,
2931	f_nonlinear_data) - y_zero;
2932
2933	if fb > 0 and fc > 0 or fb < 0 and fc < 0 then
2934	// initialize variables
2935	c := a;
2936	fc := fa;
2937	e := b - a;
2938	d := e;
2939	end if;
2940	end if;
2941	end while;
2942	end solve;
2943
2944	annotation (Documentation(info="<html>
2945	<p>
2946	This function should currently only be used in Modelica.Media,
2947	since it might be replaced in the future by another strategy,
2948	where the tool is responsible for the solution of the non-linear
2949	equation.
2950	</p>
2951
2952	<p>
2953	This library determines the solution of one non-linear algebraic equation \"y=f(x)\"
2954	in one unknown \"x\" in a reliable way. As input, the desired value y of the
2955	non-linear function has to be given, as well as an interval x_min, x_max that
2956	contains the solution, i.e., \"f(x_min) - y\" and \"f(x_max) - y\" must
2957	have a different sign. If possible, a smaller interval is computed by
2958	inverse quadratic interpolation (interpolating with a quadratic polynomial
2959	through the last 3 points and computing the zero). If this fails,
2960	bisection is used, which always reduces the interval by a factor of 2.
2961	The inverse quadratic interpolation method has superlinear convergence.
2962	This is roughly the same convergence rate as a globally convergent Newton
2963	method, but without the need to compute derivatives of the non-linear
2964	function. The solver function is a direct mapping of the Algol 60 procedure
2965	\"zero\" to Modelica, from:
2966	</p>
2967
2968	<dl>
2969	<dt> Brent R.P.:</dt>
2970	<dd> <b>Algorithms for Minimization without derivatives</b>.
2971	Prentice Hall, 1973, pp. 58-59.</dd>
2972	</dl>
2973
2974	<p>
2975	Due to current limitations of the
2976	Modelica language (not possible to pass a function reference to a function),
2977	the construction to use this solver on a user-defined function is a bit
2978	complicated (this method is from Hans Olsson, Dassault Systèmes AB). A user has to
2979	provide a package in the following way:
2980	</p>
2981
2982	<pre>
2983	<b>package</b> MyNonLinearSolver
2984	<b>extends</b> OneNonLinearEquation;
2985
2986	<b>redeclare record extends</b> Data
2987	// Define data to be passed to user function
2988	...
2989	<b>end</b> Data;
2990
2991	<b>redeclare function extends</b> f_nonlinear
2992	<b>algorithm</b>
2993	// Compute the non-linear equation: y = f(x, Data)
2994	<b>end</b> f_nonlinear;
2995
2996	// Dummy definition that has to be present for current Dymola
2997	<b>redeclare function extends</b> solve
2998	<b>end</b> solve;
2999	<b>end</b> MyNonLinearSolver;
3000
3001	x_zero = MyNonLinearSolver.solve(y_zero, x_min, x_max, data=data);
3002	</pre>
3003	</html>"));
3004	end OneNonLinearEquation;
3005	annotation (Documentation(info="<HTML><h4>Package description</h4>
3006	<p>Package Modelica.Media.Common provides records and functions shared by many of the property sub-packages.
3007	High accuracy fluid property models share a lot of common structure, even if the actual models are different.
3008	Common data structures and computations shared by these property models are collected in this library.
3009	</p>
3010
3011	</html>", revisions="<html>
3012	<ul>
3013	<li>First implemented: <i>July, 2000</i>
3014	by <a href=\"http://www.control.lth.se/~hubertus/\">Hubertus Tummescheit</a>
3015	for the ThermoFluid Library with help from Jonas Eborn and Falko Jens Wagner
3016	</li>
3017	<li>Code reorganization, enhanced documentation, additional functions: <i>December, 2002</i>
3018	by <a href=\"http://www.control.lth.se/~hubertus/\">Hubertus Tummescheit</a> and move to Modelica
3019	properties library.</li>
3020	<li>Inclusion into Modelica.Media: September 2003 </li>
3021	</ul>
3022
3023	<address>Author: Hubertus Tummescheit, <br>
3024	Lund University<br>
3025	Department of Automatic Control<br>
3026	Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden<br>
3027	email: hubertus@control.lth.se
3028	</address>
3029	</html>"));
3030	end Common;
3031
3032	package IdealGases
3033	"Data and models of ideal gases (single, fixed and dynamic mixtures) from NASA source"
3034	extends Modelica.Icons.VariantsPackage;
3035
3036	package Common "Common packages and data for the ideal gas models"
3037	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
3038
3039	record DataRecord
3040	"Coefficient data record for properties of ideal gases based on NASA source"
3041	extends Modelica.Icons.Record;
3042	String name "Name of ideal gas";
3043	SI.MolarMass MM "Molar mass";
3044	SI.SpecificEnthalpy Hf "Enthalpy of formation at 298.15K";
3045	SI.SpecificEnthalpy H0 "H0(298.15K) - H0(0K)";
3046	SI.Temperature Tlimit
3047	"Temperature limit between low and high data sets";
3048	Real alow[7] "Low temperature coefficients a";
3049	Real blow[2] "Low temperature constants b";
3050	Real ahigh[7] "High temperature coefficients a";
3051	Real bhigh[2] "High temperature constants b";
3052	SI.SpecificHeatCapacity R "Gas constant";
3053	annotation (Documentation(info="<HTML>
3054	<p>
3055	This data record contains the coefficients for the
3056	ideal gas equations according to:
3057	</p>
3058	<blockquote>
3059	<p>McBride B.J., Zehe M.J., and Gordon S. (2002): <b>NASA Glenn Coefficients
3060	for Calculating Thermodynamic Properties of Individual Species</b>. NASA
3061	report TP-2002-211556</p>
3062	</blockquote>
3063	<p>
3064	The equations have the following structure:
3065	</p>
3066	<IMG src=\"modelica://Modelica/Resources/Images/Media/IdealGases/singleEquations.png\">
3067	<p>
3068	The polynomials for h(T) and s0(T) are derived via integration from the one for cp(T) and contain the integration constants b1, b2 that define the reference specific enthalpy and entropy. For entropy differences the reference pressure p0 is arbitrary, but not for absolute entropies. It is chosen as 1 standard atmosphere (101325 Pa).
3069	</p>
3070	<p>
3071	For most gases, the region of validity is from 200 K to 6000 K.
3072	The equations are split into two regions that are separated
3073	by Tlimit (usually 1000 K). In both regions the gas is described
3074	by the data above. The two branches are continuous and in most
3075	gases also differentiable at Tlimit.
3076	</p>
3077	</HTML>"));
3078	end DataRecord;
3079
3080	package Functions
3081	"Basic Functions for ideal gases: cp, h, s, thermal conductivity, viscosity"
3082	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
3083
3084	constant Boolean excludeEnthalpyOfFormation=true
3085	"If true, enthalpy of formation Hf is not included in specific enthalpy h";
3086
3087	constant Modelica.Media.Interfaces.Choices.ReferenceEnthalpy referenceChoice=Modelica.Media.Interfaces.Choices.ReferenceEnthalpy.ZeroAt0K
3088	"Choice of reference enthalpy";
3089
3090	constant Modelica.Media.Interfaces.Types.SpecificEnthalpy h_offset=0.0
3091	"User defined offset for reference enthalpy, if referenceChoice = UserDefined";
3092
3093	function cp_T
3094	"Compute specific heat capacity at constant pressure from temperature and gas data"
3095	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
3096	input IdealGases.Common.DataRecord data "Ideal gas data";
3097	input SI.Temperature T "Temperature";
3098	output SI.SpecificHeatCapacity cp
3099	"Specific heat capacity at temperature T";
3100	algorithm
3101	cp := smooth(0,if T < data.Tlimit then data.R(1/(TT)(data.alow[1] + T(
3102	data.alow[2] + T(1.data.alow[3] + T(data.alow[4] + T(data.alow[5] + T
3103	(data.alow[6] + data.alow[7]T))))))) else data.R(1/(TT)*(data.ahigh[1]
3104	+ T(data.ahigh[2] + T(1.data.ahigh[3] + T(data.ahigh[4] + T*(data.
3105	ahigh[5] + T(data.ahigh[6] + data.ahigh[7]T))))))));
3106	annotation (Inline=true,smoothOrder=2);
3107	end cp_T;
3108
3109	function h_T "Compute specific enthalpy from temperature and gas data; reference is decided by the
3110	refChoice input, or by the referenceChoice package constant by default"
3111	import Modelica.Media.Interfaces.Choices;
3112	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
3113	input IdealGases.Common.DataRecord data "Ideal gas data";
3114	input SI.Temperature T "Temperature";
3115	input Boolean exclEnthForm=excludeEnthalpyOfFormation
3116	"If true, enthalpy of formation Hf is not included in specific enthalpy h";
3117	input Modelica.Media.Interfaces.Choices.ReferenceEnthalpy
3118	refChoice=referenceChoice
3119	"Choice of reference enthalpy";
3120	input SI.SpecificEnthalpy h_off=h_offset
3121	"User defined offset for reference enthalpy, if referenceChoice = UserDefined";
3122	output SI.SpecificEnthalpy h "Specific enthalpy at temperature T";
3123
3124	algorithm
3125	h := smooth(0,(if T < data.Tlimit then data.R((-data.alow[1] + T(data.
3126	blow[1] + data.alow[2]Math.log(T) + T(1.data.alow[3] + T(0.5*data.
3127	alow[4] + T(1/3data.alow[5] + T(0.25data.alow[6] + 0.2data.alow[7]T))))))
3128	/T) else data.R((-data.ahigh[1] + T(data.bhigh[1] + data.ahigh[2]*
3129	Math.log(T) + T(1.data.ahigh[3] + T(0.5data.ahigh[4] + T(1/3data.
3130	ahigh[5] + T(0.25data.ahigh[6] + 0.2data.ahigh[7]T))))))/T)) + (if
3131	exclEnthForm then -data.Hf else 0.0) + (if (refChoice
3132	== Choices.ReferenceEnthalpy.ZeroAt0K) then data.H0 else 0.0) + (if
3133	refChoice == Choices.ReferenceEnthalpy.UserDefined then h_off else
3134	0.0));
3135	annotation (Inline=false,smoothOrder=2);
3136	end h_T;
3137
3138	function s0_T
3139	"Compute specific entropy from temperature and gas data"
3140	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
3141	input IdealGases.Common.DataRecord data "Ideal gas data";
3142	input SI.Temperature T "Temperature";
3143	output SI.SpecificEntropy s "Specific entropy at temperature T";
3144	algorithm
3145	s := if T < data.Tlimit then data.R(data.blow[2] - 0.5data.alow[
3146	1]/(TT) - data.alow[2]/T + data.alow[3]Math.log(T) + T*(
3147	data.alow[4] + T(0.5data.alow[5] + T(1/3data.alow[6] + 0.25*data.alow[
3148	7]T)))) else data.R(data.bhigh[2] - 0.5data.ahigh[1]/(TT) - data.
3149	ahigh[2]/T + data.ahigh[3]Math.log(T) + T(data.ahigh[4]
3150	+ T(0.5data.ahigh[5] + T(1/3data.ahigh[6] + 0.25data.ahigh[7]T))));
3151	annotation (Inline=true, smoothOrder=2);
3152	end s0_T;
3153
3154	function dynamicViscosityLowPressure
3155	"Dynamic viscosity of low pressure gases"
3156	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
3157	input SI.Temp_K T "Gas temperature";
3158	input SI.Temp_K Tc "Critical temperature of gas";
3159	input SI.MolarMass M "Molar mass of gas";
3160	input SI.MolarVolume Vc "Critical molar volume of gas";
3161	input Real w "Acentric factor of gas";
3162	input Interfaces.PartialMedium.DipoleMoment mu
3163	"Dipole moment of gas molecule";
3164	input Real k = 0.0
3165	"Special correction for highly polar substances";
3166	output SI.DynamicViscosity eta "Dynamic viscosity of gas";
3167	protected
3168	parameter Real Const1_SI=40.785*10^(-9.5)
3169	"Constant in formula for eta converted to SI units";
3170	parameter Real Const2_SI=131.3/1000.0
3171	"Constant in formula for mur converted to SI units";
3172	Real mur=Const2_SImu/sqrt(VcTc)
3173	"Dimensionless dipole moment of gas molecule";
3174	Real Fc=1 - 0.2756w + 0.059035mur^4 + k
3175	"Factor to account for molecular shape and polarities of gas";
3176	Real Tstar "Dimensionless temperature defined by equation below";
3177	Real Ov "Viscosity collision integral for the gas";
3178
3179	algorithm
3180	Tstar := 1.2593*T/Tc;
3181	Ov := 1.16145Tstar^(-0.14874) + 0.52487Modelica.Math.exp(-0.7732Tstar) + 2.16178Modelica.Math.exp(-2.43787
3182	*Tstar);
3183	eta := Const1_SIFcsqrt(MT)/(Vc^(2/3)Ov);
3184	annotation (smoothOrder=2,
3185	Documentation(info="<html>
3186	<p>
3187	The used formula are based on the method of Chung et al (1984, 1988) referred to in ref [1] chapter 9.
3188	The formula 9-4.10 is the one being used. The Formula is given in non-SI units, the following conversion constants were used to
3189	transform the formula to SI units:
3190	</p>
3191
3192	<ul>
3193	<li> <b>Const1_SI:</b> The factor 10^(-9.5) =10^(-2.5)*1e-7 where the
3194	factor 10^(-2.5) originates from the conversion of g/mol->kg/mol + cm^3/mol->m^3/mol
3195	and the factor 1e-7 is due to conversion from microPoise->Pa.s.</li>
3196	<li> <b>Const2_SI:</b> The factor 1/3.335641e-27 = 1e-3/3.335641e-30
3197	where the factor 3.335641e-30 comes from debye->C.m and
3198	1e-3 is due to conversion from cm^3/mol->m^3/mol</li>
3199	</ul>
3200
3201	<h4>References:</h4>
3202	<p>
3203	[1] Bruce E. Poling, John E. Prausnitz, John P. O'Connell, \"The Properties of Gases and Liquids\" 5th Ed. Mc Graw Hill.
3204	</p>
3205
3206	<h4>Author</h4>
3207	<p>T. Skoglund, Lund, Sweden, 2004-08-31</p>
3208
3209	</html>"));
3210	end dynamicViscosityLowPressure;
3211
3212	function thermalConductivityEstimate
3213	"Thermal conductivity of polyatomic gases(Eucken and Modified Eucken correlation)"
3214	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
3215	input Interfaces.PartialMedium.SpecificHeatCapacity Cp
3216	"Constant pressure heat capacity";
3217	input Interfaces.PartialMedium.DynamicViscosity eta
3218	"Dynamic viscosity";
3219	input Integer method(min=1,max=2)=1
3220	"1: Eucken Method, 2: Modified Eucken Method";
3221	input IdealGases.Common.DataRecord data "Ideal gas data";
3222	output Interfaces.PartialMedium.ThermalConductivity lambda
3223	"Thermal conductivity [W/(m.k)]";
3224	algorithm
3225	lambda := if method == 1 then eta(Cp - data.R + (9/4)data.R) else eta*(Cp
3226	- data.R)*(1.32 + 1.77/((Cp/Modelica.Constants.R) - 1.0));
3227	annotation (smoothOrder=2,
3228	Documentation(info="<html>
3229	<p>
3230	This function provides two similar methods for estimating the
3231	thermal conductivity of polyatomic gases.
3232	The Eucken method (input method == 1) gives good results for low temperatures,
3233	but it tends to give an underestimated value of the thermal conductivity
3234	(lambda) at higher temperatures.<br>
3235	The Modified Eucken method (input method == 2) gives good results for
3236	high-temperatures, but it tends to give an overestimated value of the
3237	thermal conductivity (lambda) at low temperatures.
3238	</p>
3239	</html>"));
3240	end thermalConductivityEstimate;
3241	end Functions;
3242
3243	partial package MixtureGasNasa
3244	"Medium model of a mixture of ideal gases based on NASA source"
3245
3246	import Modelica.Math;
3247	import Modelica.Media.Interfaces.Choices.ReferenceEnthalpy;
3248
3249	extends Modelica.Media.Interfaces.PartialMixtureMedium(
3250	ThermoStates=Modelica.Media.Interfaces.Choices.IndependentVariables.pTX,
3251	substanceNames=data[:].name,
3252	reducedX = false,
3253	singleState=false,
3254	reference_X=fill(1/nX,nX),
3255	SpecificEnthalpy(start=if referenceChoice==ReferenceEnthalpy.ZeroAt0K then 3e5 else
3256	if referenceChoice==ReferenceEnthalpy.UserDefined then h_offset else 0, nominal=1.0e5),
3257	Density(start=10, nominal=10),
3258	AbsolutePressure(start=10e5, nominal=10e5),
3259	Temperature(min=200, max=6000, start=500, nominal=500));
3260
3261	redeclare record extends ThermodynamicState
3262	"Thermodynamic state variables"
3263	end ThermodynamicState;
3264
3265	// redeclare record extends FluidConstants "Fluid constants"
3266	// end FluidConstants;
3267
3268	constant Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.DataRecord[:] data
3269	"Data records of ideal gas substances";
3270	// ={Common.SingleGasesData.N2,Common.SingleGasesData.O2}
3271
3272	constant Boolean excludeEnthalpyOfFormation=true
3273	"If true, enthalpy of formation Hf is not included in specific enthalpy h";
3274	constant ReferenceEnthalpy referenceChoice=ReferenceEnthalpy.ZeroAt0K
3275	"Choice of reference enthalpy";
3276	constant SpecificEnthalpy h_offset=0.0
3277	"User defined offset for reference enthalpy, if referenceChoice = UserDefined";
3278
3279	// constant FluidConstants[nX] fluidConstants
3280	// "Additional data needed for transport properties";
3281	constant MolarMass[nX] MMX=data[:].MM "Molar masses of components";
3282	constant Integer methodForThermalConductivity(min=1,max=2)=1;
3283	redeclare replaceable model extends BaseProperties(
3284	T(stateSelect=if preferredMediumStates then StateSelect.prefer else StateSelect.default),
3285	p(stateSelect=if preferredMediumStates then StateSelect.prefer else StateSelect.default),
3286	Xi(each stateSelect=if preferredMediumStates then StateSelect.prefer else StateSelect.default),
3287	final standardOrderComponents=true)
3288	"Base properties (p, d, T, h, u, R, MM, X, and Xi of NASA mixture gas"
3289	equation
3290	assert(T >= 200 and T <= 6000, "
3291	Temperature T (=" + String(T) + " K = 200 K) is not in the allowed range
3292	200 K <= T <= 6000 K
3293	required from medium model \"" + mediumName + "\".");
3294
3295	MM = molarMass(state);
3296	h = h_TX(T, X);
3297	R = data.R*X;
3298	u = h - R*T;
3299	d = p/(R*T);
3300	// connect state with BaseProperties
3301	state.T = T;
3302	state.p = p;
3303	state.X = if fixedX then reference_X else X;
3304	end BaseProperties;
3305
3306	redeclare function setState_pTX
3307	"Return thermodynamic state as function of p, T and composition X"
3308	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
3309	input AbsolutePressure p "Pressure";
3310	input Temperature T "Temperature";
3311	input MassFraction X[:]=reference_X "Mass fractions";
3312	output ThermodynamicState state;
3313	algorithm
3314	state := if size(X,1) == 0 then ThermodynamicState(p=p,T=T,X=reference_X) else if size(X,1) == nX then ThermodynamicState(p=p,T=T, X=X) else
3315	ThermodynamicState(p=p,T=T, X=cat(1,X,{1-sum(X)}));
3316	annotation(Inline=true,smoothOrder=2);
3317	end setState_pTX;
3318
3319	redeclare function setState_phX
3320	"Return thermodynamic state as function of p, h and composition X"
3321	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
3322	input AbsolutePressure p "Pressure";
3323	input SpecificEnthalpy h "Specific enthalpy";
3324	input MassFraction X[:]=reference_X "Mass fractions";
3325	output ThermodynamicState state;
3326	algorithm
3327	state := if size(X,1) == 0 then ThermodynamicState(p=p,T=T_hX(h,reference_X),X=reference_X) else if size(X,1) == nX then ThermodynamicState(p=p,T=T_hX(h,X),X=X) else
3328	ThermodynamicState(p=p,T=T_hX(h,X), X=cat(1,X,{1-sum(X)}));
3329	annotation(Inline=true,smoothOrder=2);
3330	end setState_phX;
3331
3332	redeclare function setState_psX
3333	"Return thermodynamic state as function of p, s and composition X"
3334	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
3335	input AbsolutePressure p "Pressure";
3336	input SpecificEntropy s "Specific entropy";
3337	input MassFraction X[:]=reference_X "Mass fractions";
3338	output ThermodynamicState state;
3339	algorithm
3340	state := if size(X,1) == 0 then ThermodynamicState(p=p,T=T_psX(p,s,reference_X),X=reference_X) else if size(X,1) == nX then ThermodynamicState(p=p,T=T_psX(p,s,X),X=X) else
3341	ThermodynamicState(p=p,T=T_psX(p,s,X), X=cat(1,X,{1-sum(X)}));
3342	annotation(Inline=true,smoothOrder=2);
3343	end setState_psX;
3344
3345	redeclare function setState_dTX
3346	"Return thermodynamic state as function of d, T and composition X"
3347	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
3348	input Density d "Density";
3349	input Temperature T "Temperature";
3350	input MassFraction X[:]=reference_X "Mass fractions";
3351	output ThermodynamicState state;
3352	algorithm
3353	state := if size(X,1) == 0 then ThermodynamicState(p=d(data.Rreference_X)T,T=T,X=reference_X) else if size(X,1) == nX then ThermodynamicState(p=d(data.RX)T,T=T,X=X) else
3354	ThermodynamicState(p=d(data.Rcat(1,X,{1-sum(X)}))*T,T=T, X=cat(1,X,{1-sum(X)}));
3355	annotation(Inline=true,smoothOrder=2);
3356	end setState_dTX;
3357
3358	redeclare function extends setSmoothState
3359	"Return thermodynamic state so that it smoothly approximates: if x > 0 then state_a else state_b"
3360	algorithm
3361	state := ThermodynamicState(p=Media.Common.smoothStep(x, state_a.p, state_b.p, x_small),
3362	T=Media.Common.smoothStep(x, state_a.T, state_b.T, x_small),
3363	X=Media.Common.smoothStep(x, state_a.X, state_b.X, x_small));
3364	annotation(Inline=true,smoothOrder=2);
3365	end setSmoothState;
3366
3367	redeclare function extends pressure "Return pressure of ideal gas"
3368	algorithm
3369	p := state.p;
3370	annotation(Inline=true,smoothOrder=2);
3371	end pressure;
3372
3373	redeclare function extends temperature
3374	"Return temperature of ideal gas"
3375	algorithm
3376	T := state.T;
3377	annotation(Inline=true,smoothOrder=2);
3378	end temperature;
3379
3380	redeclare function extends density "Return density of ideal gas"
3381	algorithm
3382	d := state.p/((state.Xdata.R)state.T);
3383	annotation(Inline = true, smoothOrder = 3);
3384	end density;
3385
3386	redeclare function extends specificEnthalpy "Return specific enthalpy"
3387	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
3388	algorithm
3389	h := h_TX(state.T,state.X);
3390	annotation(Inline=true,smoothOrder=2);
3391	end specificEnthalpy;
3392
3393	redeclare function extends specificInternalEnergy
3394	"Return specific internal energy"
3395	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
3396	algorithm
3397	u := h_TX(state.T,state.X) - gasConstant(state)*state.T;
3398	annotation(Inline=true,smoothOrder=2);
3399	end specificInternalEnergy;
3400
3401	redeclare function extends specificEntropy "Return specific entropy"
3402	protected
3403	Real[nX] Y(unit="mol/mol")=massToMoleFractions(state.X, data.MM)
3404	"Molar fractions";
3405	algorithm
3406	s := s_TX(state.T, state.X) - sum(state.X[i]Modelica.Constants.R/MMX[i]
3407	(if state.X[i]<Modelica.Constants.eps then Y[i] else
3408	Modelica.Math.log(Y[i]*state.p/reference_p)) for i in 1:nX);
3409	annotation(Inline=true,smoothOrder=2);
3410	end specificEntropy;
3411
3412	redeclare function extends specificGibbsEnergy
3413	"Return specific Gibbs energy"
3414	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
3415	algorithm
3416	g := h_TX(state.T,state.X) - state.T*specificEntropy(state);
3417	annotation(Inline=true,smoothOrder=2);
3418	end specificGibbsEnergy;
3419
3420	redeclare function extends specificHelmholtzEnergy
3421	"Return specific Helmholtz energy"
3422	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
3423	algorithm
3424	f := h_TX(state.T,state.X) - gasConstant(state)state.T - state.TspecificEntropy(state);
3425	annotation(Inline=true,smoothOrder=2);
3426	end specificHelmholtzEnergy;
3427
3428	function h_TX "Return specific enthalpy"
3429	import Modelica.Media.Interfaces.Choices;
3430	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
3431	input SI.Temperature T "Temperature";
3432	input MassFraction X[:]=reference_X
3433	"Independent Mass fractions of gas mixture";
3434	input Boolean exclEnthForm=excludeEnthalpyOfFormation
3435	"If true, enthalpy of formation Hf is not included in specific enthalpy h";
3436	input Modelica.Media.Interfaces.Choices.ReferenceEnthalpy
3437	refChoice=referenceChoice
3438	"Choice of reference enthalpy";
3439	input SI.SpecificEnthalpy h_off=h_offset
3440	"User defined offset for reference enthalpy, if referenceChoice = UserDefined";
3441	output SI.SpecificEnthalpy h "Specific enthalpy at temperature T";
3442	algorithm
3443	h :=(if fixedX then reference_X else X)*
3444	{Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.Functions.h_T(
3445	data[i], T, exclEnthForm, refChoice, h_off) for i in 1:nX};
3446	annotation(Inline=false,smoothOrder=2);
3447	end h_TX;
3448
3449	function h_TX_der "Return specific enthalpy derivative"
3450	import Modelica.Media.Interfaces.Choices;
3451	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
3452	input SI.Temperature T "Temperature";
3453	input MassFraction X[nX] "Independent Mass fractions of gas mixture";
3454	input Boolean exclEnthForm=excludeEnthalpyOfFormation
3455	"If true, enthalpy of formation Hf is not included in specific enthalpy h";
3456	input Modelica.Media.Interfaces.Choices.ReferenceEnthalpy
3457	refChoice=referenceChoice
3458	"Choice of reference enthalpy";
3459	input SI.SpecificEnthalpy h_off=h_offset
3460	"User defined offset for reference enthalpy, if referenceChoice = UserDefined";
3461	input Real dT "Temperature derivative";
3462	input Real dX[nX] "Independent mass fraction derivative";
3463	output Real h_der "Specific enthalpy at temperature T";
3464	algorithm
3465	h_der := if fixedX then
3466	dT*sum((Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.Functions.cp_T(
3467	data[i], T)*reference_X[i]) for i in 1:nX) else
3468	dT*sum((Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.Functions.cp_T(
3469	data[i], T)*X[i]) for i in 1:nX)+
3470	sum((Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.Functions.h_T(
3471	data[i], T)*dX[i]) for i in 1:nX);
3472	annotation (Inline = false, smoothOrder=1);
3473	end h_TX_der;
3474
3475	redeclare function extends gasConstant "Return gasConstant"
3476	algorithm
3477	R := data.R*state.X;
3478	annotation(Inline = true, smoothOrder = 3);
3479	end gasConstant;
3480
3481	redeclare function extends specificHeatCapacityCp
3482	"Return specific heat capacity at constant pressure"
3483	algorithm
3484	cp := {Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.Functions.cp_T(
3485	data[i], state.T) for i in 1:nX}*state.X;
3486	annotation(Inline=true,smoothOrder=1);
3487	end specificHeatCapacityCp;
3488
3489	redeclare function extends specificHeatCapacityCv
3490	"Return specific heat capacity at constant volume from temperature and gas data"
3491	algorithm
3492	cv := {Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.Functions.cp_T(
3493	data[i], state.T) for i in 1:nX}state.X -data.Rstate.X;
3494	annotation(Inline=true, smoothOrder = 1);
3495	end specificHeatCapacityCv;
3496
3497	function MixEntropy "Return mixing entropy of ideal gases / R"
3498	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
3499	input SI.MoleFraction x[:] "Mole fraction of mixture";
3500	output Real smix
3501	"Mixing entropy contribution, divided by gas constant";
3502	algorithm
3503	smix := sum(if x[i] > Modelica.Constants.eps then -x[i]*Modelica.Math.log(x[i]) else
3504	x[i] for i in 1:size(x,1));
3505	annotation(Inline=true,smoothOrder=2);
3506	end MixEntropy;
3507
3508	function s_TX
3509	"Return temperature dependent part of the entropy, expects full entropy vector"
3510	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
3511	input Temperature T "Temperature";
3512	input MassFraction[nX] X "Mass fraction";
3513	output SpecificEntropy s "Specific entropy";
3514	algorithm
3515	s := sum(Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.Functions.s0_T(
3516	data[i], T)*X[i] for i in 1:size(X,1));
3517	annotation(Inline=true,smoothOrder=2);
3518	end s_TX;
3519
3520	redeclare function extends isentropicExponent
3521	"Return isentropic exponent"
3522	algorithm
3523	gamma := specificHeatCapacityCp(state)/specificHeatCapacityCv(state);
3524	annotation(Inline=true,smoothOrder=2);
3525	end isentropicExponent;
3526
3527	redeclare function extends velocityOfSound "Return velocity of sound"
3528	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
3529	input ThermodynamicState state "Properties at upstream location";
3530	algorithm
3531	a := sqrt(max(0,gasConstant(state)state.TspecificHeatCapacityCp(state)/specificHeatCapacityCv(state)));
3532	annotation(Inline=true,smoothOrder=2);
3533	end velocityOfSound;
3534
3535	function isentropicEnthalpyApproximation
3536	"Approximate method of calculating h_is from upstream properties and downstream pressure"
3537	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
3538	input AbsolutePressure p2 "Downstream pressure";
3539	input ThermodynamicState state
3540	"Thermodynamic state at upstream location";
3541	output SpecificEnthalpy h_is "Isentropic enthalpy";
3542	protected
3543	SpecificEnthalpy h "Specific enthalpy at upstream location";
3544	SpecificEnthalpy h_component[nX]
3545	"Specific enthalpy at upstream location";
3546	IsentropicExponent gamma = isentropicExponent(state)
3547	"Isentropic exponent";
3548	protected
3549	MassFraction[nX] X "Complete X-vector";
3550	algorithm
3551	X := if reducedX then cat(1,state.X,{1-sum(state.X)}) else state.X;
3552	h_component :={Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.Functions.h_T(
3553	data[i], state.T, excludeEnthalpyOfFormation,
3554	referenceChoice, h_offset) for i in 1:nX};
3555	h :=h_component*X;
3556	h_is := h + gamma/(gamma - 1.0)(state.TgasConstant(state))*
3557	((p2/state.p)^((gamma - 1)/gamma) - 1.0);
3558	annotation(smoothOrder=2);
3559	end isentropicEnthalpyApproximation;
3560
3561	redeclare function extends isentropicEnthalpy
3562	"Return isentropic enthalpy"
3563	input Boolean exact = false
3564	"Flag whether exact or approximate version should be used";
3565	algorithm
3566	h_is := if exact then specificEnthalpy_psX(p_downstream,specificEntropy(refState),refState.X) else
3567	isentropicEnthalpyApproximation(p_downstream,refState);
3568	annotation(Inline=true,smoothOrder=2);
3569	end isentropicEnthalpy;
3570
3571	function gasMixtureViscosity
3572	"Return viscosities of gas mixtures at low pressures (Wilke method)"
3573	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
3574	input MoleFraction[:] yi "Mole fractions";
3575	input MolarMass[:] M "Mole masses";
3576	input DynamicViscosity[:] eta "Pure component viscosities";
3577	output DynamicViscosity etam "Viscosity of the mixture";
3578	protected
3579	Real fi[size(yi,1),size(yi,1)];
3580	algorithm
3581	for i in 1:size(eta,1) loop
3582	assert(fluidConstants[i].hasDipoleMoment,"Dipole moment for " + fluidConstants[i].chemicalFormula +
3583	" not known. Can not compute viscosity.");
3584	assert(fluidConstants[i].hasCriticalData, "Critical data for "+ fluidConstants[i].chemicalFormula +
3585	" not known. Can not compute viscosity.");
3586	for j in 1:size(eta,1) loop
3587	if i==1 then
3588	fi[i,j] := (1 + (eta[i]/eta[j])^(1/2)(M[j]/M[i])^(1/4))^2/(8(1 + M[i]/M[j]))^(1/2);
3589	elseif j<i then
3590	fi[i,j] := eta[i]/eta[j]M[j]/M[i]fi[j,i];
3591	else
3592	fi[i,j] := (1 + (eta[i]/eta[j])^(1/2)(M[j]/M[i])^(1/4))^2/(8(1 + M[i]/M[j]))^(1/2);
3593	end if;
3594	end for;
3595	end for;
3596	etam := sum(yi[i]eta[i]/sum(yi[j]fi[i,j] for j in 1:size(eta,1)) for i in 1:size(eta,1));
3597
3598	annotation (smoothOrder=2,
3599	Documentation(info="<html>
3600
3601	<p>
3602	Simplification of the kinetic theory (Chapman and Enskog theory)
3603	approach neglecting the second-order effects.<br>
3604	<br>
3605	This equation has been extensively tested (Amdur and Mason, 1958;
3606	Bromley and Wilke, 1951; Cheung, 1958; Dahler, 1959; Gandhi and Saxena,
3607	1964; Ranz and Brodowsky, 1962; Saxena and Gambhir, 1963a; Strunk, et
3608	al., 1964; Vanderslice, et al. 1962; Wright and Gray, 1962). In most
3609	cases, only nonpolar mixtures were compared, and very good results
3610	obtained. For some systems containing hydrogen as one component, less
3611	satisfactory agreement was noted. Wilke's method predicted mixture
3612	viscosities that were larger than experimental for the H2-N2 system,
3613	but for H2-NH3, it underestimated the viscosities. <br>
3614	Gururaja, et al. (1967) found that this method also overpredicted in
3615	the H2-O2 case but was quite accurate for the H2-CO2 system. <br>
3616	Wilke's approximation has proved reliable even for polar-polar gas
3617	mixtures of aliphatic alcohols (Reid and Belenyessy, 1960). The
3618	principal reservation appears to lie in those cases where Mi>>Mj
3619	and etai>>etaj.<br>
3620	</p>
3621
3622	</html>"));
3623	end gasMixtureViscosity;
3624
3625	redeclare replaceable function extends dynamicViscosity
3626	"Return mixture dynamic viscosity"
3627	protected
3628	DynamicViscosity[nX] etaX "Component dynamic viscosities";
3629	algorithm
3630	for i in 1:nX loop
3631	etaX[i] := Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.Functions.dynamicViscosityLowPressure(
3632	state.T,
3633	fluidConstants[i].criticalTemperature,
3634	fluidConstants[i].molarMass,
3635	fluidConstants[i].criticalMolarVolume,
3636	fluidConstants[i].acentricFactor,
3637	fluidConstants[i].dipoleMoment);
3638	end for;
3639	eta := gasMixtureViscosity(massToMoleFractions(state.X,
3640	fluidConstants[:].molarMass),
3641	fluidConstants[:].molarMass,
3642	etaX);
3643	annotation (smoothOrder=2);
3644	end dynamicViscosity;
3645
3646	function mixtureViscosityChung
3647	"Return the viscosity of gas mixtures without access to component viscosities (Chung, et. al. rules)"
3648	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
3649
3650	input Temperature T "Temperature";
3651	input Temperature[:] Tc "Critical temperatures";
3652	input MolarVolume[:] Vcrit "Critical volumes (m3/mol)";
3653	input Real[:] w "Acentric factors";
3654	input Real[:] mu "Dipole moments (debyes)";
3655	input MolarMass[:] MolecularWeights "Molecular weights (kg/mol)";
3656	input MoleFraction[:] y "Molar Fractions";
3657	input Real[:] kappa = zeros(nX) "Association Factors";
3658	output DynamicViscosity etaMixture "Mixture viscosity (Pa.s)";
3659	protected
3660	constant Real[size(y,1)] Vc = Vcrit*1000000
3661	"Critical volumes (cm3/mol)";
3662	constant Real[size(y,1)] M = MolecularWeights*1000
3663	"Molecular weights (g/mol)";
3664	Integer n = size(y,1) "Number of mixed elements";
3665	Real sigmam3 "Mixture sigma3 in Angstrom";
3666	Real sigma[size(y,1),size(y,1)];
3667	Real edivkm;
3668	Real edivk[size(y,1),size(y,1)];
3669	Real Mm;
3670	Real Mij[size(y,1),size(y,1)];
3671	Real wm "Accentric factor";
3672	Real wij[size(y,1),size(y,1)];
3673	Real kappam
3674	"Correlation for highly polar substances such as alcohols and acids";
3675	Real kappaij[size(y,1),size(y,1)];
3676	Real mum;
3677	Real Vcm;
3678	Real Tcm;
3679	Real murm "Dimensionless dipole moment of the mixture";
3680	Real Fcm "Factor to correct for shape and polarity";
3681	Real omegav;
3682	Real Tmstar;
3683	Real etam "Mixture viscosity in microP";
3684	algorithm
3685	//combining rules
3686	for i in 1:n loop
3687	for j in 1:n loop
3688	Mij[i,j] := 2M[i]M[j]/(M[i]+M[j]);
3689	if i==j then
3690	sigma[i,j] := 0.809*Vc[i]^(1/3);
3691	edivk[i,j] := Tc[i]/1.2593;
3692	wij[i,j] := w[i];
3693	kappaij[i,j] := kappa[i];
3694	else
3695	sigma[i,j] := (0.809Vc[i]^(1/3)0.809*Vc[j]^(1/3))^(1/2);
3696	edivk[i,j] := (Tc[i]/1.2593*Tc[j]/1.2593)^(1/2);
3697	wij[i,j] := (w[i] + w[j])/2;
3698	kappaij[i,j] := (kappa[i]*kappa[j])^(1/2);
3699	end if;
3700	end for;
3701	end for;
3702	//mixing rules
3703	sigmam3 := (sum(sum(y[i]y[j]sigma[i,j]^3 for j in 1:n) for i in 1:n));
3704	//(epsilon/k)m
3705	edivkm := (sum(sum(y[i]y[j]edivk[i,j]*sigma[i,j]^3 for j in 1:n) for i in 1:n))/sigmam3;
3706	Mm := ((sum(sum(y[i]y[j]edivk[i,j]sigma[i,j]^2Mij[i,j]^(1/2) for j in 1:n) for i in 1:n))/(edivkm*sigmam3^(2/3)))^2;
3707	wm := (sum(sum(y[i]y[j]wij[i,j]*sigma[i,j]^3 for j in 1:n) for i in 1:n))/sigmam3;
3708	mum := (sigmam3(sum(sum(y[i]y[j]mu[i]^2mu[j]^2/sigma[i,j]^3 for j in 1:n) for i in 1:n)))^(1/4);
3709	Vcm := sigmam3/(0.809)^3;
3710	Tcm := 1.2593*edivkm;
3711	murm := 131.3mum/(VcmTcm)^(1/2);
3712	kappam := (sigmam3(sum(sum(y[i]y[j]*kappaij[i,j] for j in 1:n) for i in 1:n)));
3713	Fcm := 1 - 0.275wm + 0.059035murm^4 + kappam;
3714	Tmstar := T/edivkm;
3715	omegav := 1.16145(Tmstar)^(-0.14874) + 0.52487Math.exp(-0.77320Tmstar) + 2.16178Math.exp(-2.43787*Tmstar);
3716	etam := 26.69Fcm(MmT)^(1/2)/(sigmam3^(2/3)omegav);
3717	etaMixture := etam*1e7;
3718
3719	annotation (smoothOrder=2,
3720	Documentation(info="<html>
3721
3722	<p>
3723	Equation to estimate the viscosity of gas mixtures at low pressures.<br>
3724	It is a simplification of an extension of the rigorous kinetic theory
3725	of Chapman and Enskog to determine the viscosity of multicomponent
3726	mixtures, at low pressures and with a factor to correct for molecule
3727	shape and polarity.
3728	</p>
3729
3730	<p>
3731	The input argument Kappa is a special correction for highly polar substances such as
3732	alcohols and acids.<br>
3733	Values of kappa for a few such materials:
3734	</p>
3735
3736	<table style=\"text-align: left; width: 302px; height: 200px;\" border=\"1\"
3737	cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"2\">
3738	<tbody>
3739	<tr>
3740	<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">Compound <br>
3741	</td>
3742	<td style=\"vertical-align: top; text-align: center;\">Kappa<br>
3743	</td>
3744	<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">Compound<br>
3745	</td>
3746	<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">Kappa<br>
3747	</td>
3748	</tr>
3749	<tr>
3750	<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">Methanol<br>
3751	</td>
3752	<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">0.215<br>
3753	</td>
3754	<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">n-Pentanol<br>
3755	</td>
3756	<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">0.122<br>
3757	</td>
3758	</tr>
3759	<tr>
3760	<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">Ethanol<br>
3761	</td>
3762	<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">0.175<br>
3763	</td>
3764	<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">n-Hexanol<br>
3765	</td>
3766	<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">0.114<br>
3767	</td>
3768	</tr>
3769	<tr>
3770	<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">n-Propanol<br>
3771	</td>
3772	<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">0.143<br>
3773	</td>
3774	<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">n-Heptanol<br>
3775	</td>
3776	<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">0.109<br>
3777	</td>
3778	</tr>
3779	<tr>
3780	<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">i-Propanol<br>
3781	</td>
3782	<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">0.143<br>
3783	</td>
3784	<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">Acetic Acid<br>
3785	</td>
3786	<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">0.0916<br>
3787	</td>
3788	</tr>
3789	<tr>
3790	<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">n-Butanol<br>
3791	</td>
3792	<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">0.132<br>
3793	</td>
3794	<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">Water<br>
3795	</td>
3796	<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">0.076<br>
3797	</td>
3798	</tr>
3799	<tr>
3800	<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">i-Butanol<br>
3801	</td>
3802	<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\">0.132</td>
3803	<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\"><br>
3804	</td>
3805	<td style=\"vertical-align: top;\"><br>
3806	</td>
3807	</tr>
3808	</tbody>
3809	</table>
3810	<p>
3811	Chung, et al. (1984) suggest that for other alcohols not shown in the
3812	table:<br>
3813	<br>
3814	kappa = 0.0682 + 4.704*[(number of -OH
3815	groups)]/[molecular weight]<br>
3816	<br>
3817	<span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">S.I. units relation for the
3818	debyes: </span><br>
3819
3820
3821
3822	1 debye = 3.162e-25 (J.m^3)^(1/2)<br>
3823	</p>
3824	<h4>References</h4>
3825	<p>
3826	[1] THE PROPERTIES OF GASES AND LIQUIDS, Fifth Edition,<br>
3827	Bruce E. Poling, John M.
3828	Prausnitz, John P. O'Connell.<br>
3829	[2] Chung, T.-H., M. Ajlan, L. L. Lee, and K. E. Starling: Ind. Eng.
3830	Chem. Res., 27: 671 (1988).<br>
3831	[3] Chung, T.-H., L. L. Lee, and K. E. Starling; Ing. Eng. Chem.
3832	Fundam., 23: 3 ()1984).<br>
3833	</p>
3834	</html>"));
3835	end mixtureViscosityChung;
3836
3837	function lowPressureThermalConductivity
3838	"Return thermal conductivities of low-pressure gas mixtures (Mason and Saxena Modification)"
3839	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
3840	input MoleFraction[:] y
3841	"Mole fraction of the components in the gas mixture";
3842	input Temperature T "Temperature";
3843	input Temperature[:] Tc "Critical temperatures";
3844	input AbsolutePressure[:] Pc "Critical pressures";
3845	input MolarMass[:] M "Molecular weights";
3846	input ThermalConductivity[:] lambda
3847	"Thermal conductivities of the pure gases";
3848	output ThermalConductivity lambdam
3849	"Thermal conductivity of the gas mixture";
3850	protected
3851	MolarMass[size(y,1)] gamma;
3852	Real[size(y,1)] Tr "Reduced temperature";
3853	Real[size(y,1),size(y,1)] A "Mason and Saxena Modification";
3854	constant Real epsilon = 1.0 "Numerical constant near unity";
3855	algorithm
3856	for i in 1:size(y,1) loop
3857	gamma[i] := 210(Tc[i]M[i]^3/Pc[i]^4)^(1/6);
3858	Tr[i] := T/Tc[i];
3859	end for;
3860	for i in 1:size(y,1) loop
3861	for j in 1:size(y,1) loop
3862	A[i,j] := epsilon(1 + (gamma[j](Math.exp(0.0464Tr[i]) - Math.exp(-0.2412Tr[i]))/
3863	(gamma[i](Math.exp(0.0464Tr[j]) - Math.exp(-0.2412Tr[j]))))^(1/2)(M[i]/M[j])^(1/4))^2/
3864	(8*(1 + M[i]/M[j]))^(1/2);
3865	end for;
3866	end for;
3867	lambdam := sum(y[i]lambda[i]/(sum(y[j]A[i,j] for j in 1:size(y,1))) for i in 1:size(y,1));
3868
3869	annotation (smoothOrder=2,
3870	Documentation(info="<html>
3871
3872	<p>
3873	This function applies the Masson and Saxena modification of the
3874	Wassiljewa Equation for the thermal conductivity for gas mixtures of
3875	n elements at low pressure.
3876	</p>
3877
3878	<p>
3879	For nonpolar gas mixtures errors will generally be less than 3 to 4%.
3880	For mixtures of nonpolar-polar and polar-polar gases, errors greater
3881	than 5 to 8% may be expected. For mixtures in which the sizes and
3882	polarities of the constituent molecules are not greatly different, the
3883	thermal conductivity can be estimated satisfactorily by a mole fraction
3884	average of the pure component conductivities.
3885	</p>
3886
3887	</html>"));
3888	end lowPressureThermalConductivity;
3889
3890	redeclare replaceable function extends thermalConductivity
3891	"Return thermal conductivity for low pressure gas mixtures"
3892	input Integer method=methodForThermalConductivity
3893	"Method to compute single component thermal conductivity";
3894	protected
3895	ThermalConductivity[nX] lambdaX "Component thermal conductivities";
3896	DynamicViscosity[nX] eta "Component thermal dynamic viscosities";
3897	SpecificHeatCapacity[nX] cp "Component heat capacity";
3898	algorithm
3899	for i in 1:nX loop
3900	assert(fluidConstants[i].hasCriticalData, "Critical data for "+ fluidConstants[i].chemicalFormula +
3901	" not known. Can not compute thermal conductivity.");
3902	eta[i] := Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.Functions.dynamicViscosityLowPressure(
3903	state.T,
3904	fluidConstants[i].criticalTemperature,
3905	fluidConstants[i].molarMass,
3906	fluidConstants[i].criticalMolarVolume,
3907	fluidConstants[i].acentricFactor,
3908	fluidConstants[i].dipoleMoment);
3909	cp[i] := Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.Functions.cp_T(
3910	data[i],state.T);
3911	lambdaX[i] :=Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.Functions.thermalConductivityEstimate(
3912	Cp=cp[i], eta=
3913	eta[i], method=method,data=data[i]);
3914	end for;
3915	lambda := lowPressureThermalConductivity(massToMoleFractions(state.X,
3916	fluidConstants[:].molarMass),
3917	state.T,
3918	fluidConstants[:].criticalTemperature,
3919	fluidConstants[:].criticalPressure,
3920	fluidConstants[:].molarMass,
3921	lambdaX);
3922	annotation (smoothOrder=2);
3923	end thermalConductivity;
3924
3925	redeclare function extends isobaricExpansionCoefficient
3926	"Return isobaric expansion coefficient beta"
3927	algorithm
3928	beta := 1/state.T;
3929	annotation(Inline=true,smoothOrder=2);
3930	end isobaricExpansionCoefficient;
3931
3932	redeclare function extends isothermalCompressibility
3933	"Return isothermal compressibility factor"
3934	algorithm
3935	kappa := 1.0/state.p;
3936	annotation(Inline=true,smoothOrder=2);
3937	end isothermalCompressibility;
3938
3939	redeclare function extends density_derp_T
3940	"Return density derivative by pressure at constant temperature"
3941	algorithm
3942	ddpT := 1/(state.T*gasConstant(state));
3943	annotation(Inline=true,smoothOrder=2);
3944	end density_derp_T;
3945
3946	redeclare function extends density_derT_p
3947	"Return density derivative by temperature at constant pressure"
3948	algorithm
3949	ddTp := -state.p/(state.Tstate.TgasConstant(state));
3950	annotation(Inline=true,smoothOrder=2);
3951	end density_derT_p;
3952
3953	redeclare function density_derX
3954	"Return density derivative by mass fraction"
3955	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
3956	input ThermodynamicState state "Thermodynamic state record";
3957	output Density[nX] dddX "Derivative of density w.r.t. mass fraction";
3958	algorithm
3959	dddX := {-state.p/(state.TgasConstant(state))molarMass(state)/data[
3960	i].MM for i in 1:nX};
3961	annotation(Inline=true,smoothOrder=2);
3962	end density_derX;
3963
3964	redeclare function extends molarMass "Return molar mass of mixture"
3965	algorithm
3966	MM := 1/sum(state.X[j]/data[j].MM for j in 1:size(state.X, 1));
3967	annotation(Inline=true,smoothOrder=2);
3968	end molarMass;
3969
3970	function T_hX
3971	"Return temperature from specific enthalpy and mass fraction"
3972	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
3973	input SpecificEnthalpy h "Specific enthalpy";
3974	input MassFraction[:] X "Mass fractions of composition";
3975	input Boolean exclEnthForm=excludeEnthalpyOfFormation
3976	"If true, enthalpy of formation Hf is not included in specific enthalpy h";
3977	input Modelica.Media.Interfaces.Choices.ReferenceEnthalpy
3978	refChoice=referenceChoice
3979	"Choice of reference enthalpy";
3980	input SI.SpecificEnthalpy h_off=h_offset
3981	"User defined offset for reference enthalpy, if referenceChoice = UserDefined";
3982	output Temperature T "Temperature";
3983	protected
3984	MassFraction[nX] Xfull = if size(X,1) == nX then X else cat(1,X,{1-sum(X)});
3985	package Internal
3986	"Solve h(data,T) for T with given h (use only indirectly via temperature_phX)"
3987	extends Modelica.Media.Common.OneNonLinearEquation;
3988	redeclare record extends f_nonlinear_Data
3989	"Data to be passed to non-linear function"
3990	extends Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.DataRecord;
3991	end f_nonlinear_Data;
3992
3993	redeclare function extends f_nonlinear
3994	algorithm
3995	y := h_TX(x,X);
3996	end f_nonlinear;
3997
3998	// Dummy definition has to be added for current Dymola
3999	redeclare function extends solve
4000	end solve;
4001	end Internal;
4002
4003	algorithm
4004	T := Internal.solve(h, 200, 6000, 1.0e5, Xfull, data[1]);
4005	annotation(inverse(h = h_TX(T,X,exclEnthForm,refChoice,h_off)));
4006	end T_hX;
4007
4008	function T_psX
4009	"Return temperature from pressure, specific entropy and mass fraction"
4010	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
4011	input AbsolutePressure p "Pressure";
4012	input SpecificEntropy s "Specific entropy";
4013	input MassFraction[:] X "Mass fractions of composition";
4014	output Temperature T "Temperature";
4015	protected
4016	MassFraction[nX] Xfull = if size(X,1) == nX then X else cat(1,X,{1-sum(X)});
4017	package Internal
4018	"Solve h(data,T) for T with given h (use only indirectly via temperature_phX)"
4019	extends Modelica.Media.Common.OneNonLinearEquation;
4020	redeclare record extends f_nonlinear_Data
4021	"Data to be passed to non-linear function"
4022	extends Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.DataRecord;
4023	end f_nonlinear_Data;
4024
4025	redeclare function extends f_nonlinear
4026	"Note that this function always sees the complete mass fraction vector"
4027	protected
4028	MassFraction[nX] Xfull = if size(X,1) == nX then X else cat(1,X,{1-sum(X)});
4029	Real[nX] Y(unit="mol/mol")=massToMoleFractions(if size(X,1) == nX then X else cat(1,X,{1-sum(X)}), data.MM)
4030	"Molar fractions";
4031	algorithm
4032	y := s_TX(x,Xfull) - sum(Xfull[i]Modelica.Constants.R/MMX[i]
4033	(if Xfull[i]<Modelica.Constants.eps then Y[i] else
4034	Modelica.Math.log(Y[i]*p/reference_p)) for i in 1:nX);
4035	// s_TX(x,X)- data[:].RX(Modelica.Math.log(p/reference_p)
4036	// + MixEntropy(massToMoleFractions(X,data[:].MM)));
4037	end f_nonlinear;
4038
4039	// Dummy definition has to be added for current Dymola
4040	redeclare function extends solve
4041	end solve;
4042	end Internal;
4043
4044	algorithm
4045	T := Internal.solve(s, 200, 6000, p, Xfull, data[1]);
4046	end T_psX;
4047
4048	// redeclare function extends specificEnthalpy_psX
4049	// protected
4050	// Temperature T "Temperature";
4051	// algorithm
4052	// T := temperature_psX(p,s,X);
4053	// h := specificEnthalpy_pTX(p,T,X);
4054	// end extends;
4055
4056	// redeclare function extends density_phX
4057	// "Compute density from pressure, specific enthalpy and mass fraction"
4058	// protected
4059	// Temperature T "Temperature";
4060	// SpecificHeatCapacity R "Gas constant";
4061	// algorithm
4062	// T := temperature_phX(p,h,X);
4063	// R := if (not reducedX) then
4064	// sum(data[i].R*X[i] for i in 1:size(substanceNames, 1)) else
4065	// sum(data[i].RX[i] for i in 1:size(substanceNames, 1)-1) + data[end].R(1-sum(X[i]));
4066	// d := p/(R*T);
4067	// end density_phX;
4068
4069	annotation (Documentation(info="<HTML>
4070	<p>
4071	This model calculates the medium properties for single component ideal gases.
4072	</p>
4073	<p>
4074	<b>Sources for model and literature:</b><br>
4075	Original Data: Computer program for calculation of complex chemical
4076	equilibrium compositions and applications. Part 1: Analysis
4077	Document ID: 19950013764 N (95N20180) File Series: NASA Technical Reports
4078	Report Number: NASA-RP-1311 E-8017 NAS 1.61:1311
4079	Authors: Gordon, Sanford (NASA Lewis Research Center)
4080	Mcbride, Bonnie J. (NASA Lewis Research Center)
4081	Published: Oct 01, 1994.
4082	</p>
4083	<p><b>Known limits of validity:</b></br>
4084	The data is valid for
4085	temperatures between 200 K and 6000 K. A few of the data sets for
4086	monatomic gases have a discontinuous 1st derivative at 1000 K, but
4087	this never caused problems so far.
4088	</p>
4089	<p>
4090	This model has been copied from the ThermoFluid library.
4091	It has been developed by Hubertus Tummescheit.
4092	</p>
4093	</HTML>"));
4094	end MixtureGasNasa;
4095
4096	package FluidData "Critical data, dipole moments and related data"
4097	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
4098	import Modelica.Media.Interfaces.PartialMixtureMedium;
4099	import Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.SingleGasesData;
4100
4101	constant Modelica.Media.Interfaces.Types.IdealGas.FluidConstants N2(
4102	chemicalFormula = "N2",
4103	iupacName = "unknown",
4104	structureFormula = "unknown",
4105	casRegistryNumber = "7727-37-9",
4106	meltingPoint = 63.15,
4107	normalBoilingPoint = 77.35,
4108	criticalTemperature = 126.20,
4109	criticalPressure = 33.98e5,
4110	criticalMolarVolume = 90.10e-6,
4111	acentricFactor = 0.037,
4112	dipoleMoment = 0.0,
4113	molarMass = SingleGasesData.N2.MM,
4114	hasDipoleMoment = true,
4115	hasIdealGasHeatCapacity=true,
4116	hasCriticalData = true,
4117	hasAcentricFactor = true);
4118
4119	constant Modelica.Media.Interfaces.Types.IdealGas.FluidConstants O2(
4120	chemicalFormula = "O2",
4121	iupacName = "unknown",
4122	structureFormula = "unknown",
4123	casRegistryNumber = "7782-44-7",
4124	meltingPoint = 54.36,
4125	normalBoilingPoint = 90.17,
4126	criticalTemperature = 154.58,
4127	criticalPressure = 50.43e5,
4128	criticalMolarVolume = 73.37e-6,
4129	acentricFactor = 0.022,
4130	dipoleMoment = 0.0,
4131	molarMass = SingleGasesData.O2.MM,
4132	hasDipoleMoment = true,
4133	hasIdealGasHeatCapacity=true,
4134	hasCriticalData = true,
4135	hasAcentricFactor = true);
4136
4137	constant Modelica.Media.Interfaces.Types.IdealGas.FluidConstants CO2(
4138	chemicalFormula = "CO2",
4139	iupacName = "unknown",
4140	structureFormula = "unknown",
4141	casRegistryNumber = "124-38-9",
4142	meltingPoint = 216.58,
4143	normalBoilingPoint = -1.0,
4144	criticalTemperature = 304.12,
4145	criticalPressure = 73.74e5,
4146	criticalMolarVolume = 94.07e-6,
4147	acentricFactor = 0.225,
4148	dipoleMoment = 0.0,
4149	molarMass = SingleGasesData.CO2.MM,
4150	hasDipoleMoment = true,
4151	hasIdealGasHeatCapacity=true,
4152	hasCriticalData = true,
4153	hasAcentricFactor = true);
4154
4155	constant Modelica.Media.Interfaces.Types.IdealGas.FluidConstants H2O(
4156	chemicalFormula = "H2O",
4157	iupacName = "oxidane",
4158	structureFormula = "H2O",
4159	casRegistryNumber = "7732-18-5",
4160	meltingPoint = 273.15,
4161	normalBoilingPoint = 373.124,
4162	criticalTemperature = 647.096,
4163	criticalPressure = 220.64e5,
4164	criticalMolarVolume = 55.95e-6,
4165	acentricFactor = 0.344,
4166	dipoleMoment = 1.8,
4167	molarMass = SingleGasesData.H2O.MM,
4168	hasDipoleMoment = true,
4169	hasIdealGasHeatCapacity=true,
4170	hasCriticalData = true,
4171	hasAcentricFactor = true);
4172
4173	constant Modelica.Media.Interfaces.Types.IdealGas.FluidConstants Ar(
4174	chemicalFormula = "Ar",
4175	iupacName = "unknown",
4176	structureFormula = "unknown",
4177	casRegistryNumber = "7440-37-1",
4178	meltingPoint = 83.80,
4179	normalBoilingPoint = 87.27,
4180	criticalTemperature = 150.86,
4181	criticalPressure = 48.98e5,
4182	criticalMolarVolume = 74.57e-6,
4183	acentricFactor = -0.002,
4184	dipoleMoment = 0.0,
4185	molarMass = SingleGasesData.Ar.MM,
4186	hasDipoleMoment = true,
4187	hasIdealGasHeatCapacity=true,
4188	hasCriticalData = true,
4189	hasAcentricFactor = true);
4190
4191	constant Modelica.Media.Interfaces.Types.IdealGas.FluidConstants CH4(
4192	chemicalFormula = "CH4",
4193	iupacName = "unknown",
4194	structureFormula = "unknown",
4195	casRegistryNumber = "74-82-8",
4196	meltingPoint = 90.69,
4197	normalBoilingPoint = 111.66,
4198	criticalTemperature = 190.56,
4199	criticalPressure = 45.99e5,
4200	criticalMolarVolume = 98.60e-6,
4201	acentricFactor = 0.011,
4202	dipoleMoment = 0.0,
4203	molarMass = SingleGasesData.CH4.MM,
4204	hasDipoleMoment = true,
4205	hasIdealGasHeatCapacity=true,
4206	hasCriticalData = true,
4207	hasAcentricFactor = true);
4208	annotation (Documentation(info="<html>
4209	<p>
4210	This package contains FluidConstants data records for the following 37 gases
4211	(see also the description in
4212	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.IdealGases\">Modelica.Media.IdealGases</a>):
4213	</p>
4214	<pre>
4215	Argon Methane Methanol Carbon Monoxide Carbon Dioxide
4216	Acetylene Ethylene Ethanol Ethane Propylene
4217	Propane 1-Propanol 1-Butene N-Butane 1-Pentene
4218	N-Pentane Benzene 1-Hexene N-Hexane 1-Heptane
4219	N-Heptane Ethylbenzene N-Octane Chlorine Fluorine
4220	Hydrogen Steam Helium Ammonia Nitric Oxide
4221	Nitrogen Dioxide Nitrogen Nitrous Oxide Neon Oxygen
4222	Sulfur Dioxide Sulfur Trioxide
4223	</pre>
4224
4225	</html>"));
4226	end FluidData;
4227
4228	package SingleGasesData
4229	"Ideal gas data based on the NASA Glenn coefficients"
4230	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
4231
4232	constant IdealGases.Common.DataRecord Ar(
4233	name="Ar",
4234	MM=0.039948,
4235	Hf=0,
4236	H0=155137.3785921698,
4237	Tlimit=1000,
4238	alow={0,0,2.5,0,0,0,0},
4239	blow={-745.375,4.37967491},
4240	ahigh={20.10538475,-0.05992661069999999,2.500069401,-3.99214116e-008,
4241	1.20527214e-011,-1.819015576e-015,1.078576636e-019},
4242	bhigh={-744.993961,4.37918011},
4243	R=208.1323720837088);
4244
4245	constant IdealGases.Common.DataRecord CH4(
4246	name="CH4",
4247	MM=0.01604246,
4248	Hf=-4650159.63885838,
4249	H0=624355.7409524474,
4250	Tlimit=1000,
4251	alow={-176685.0998,2786.18102,-12.0257785,0.0391761929,-3.61905443e-005,
4252	2.026853043e-008,-4.976705489999999e-012},
4253	blow={-23313.1436,89.0432275},
4254	ahigh={3730042.76,-13835.01485,20.49107091,-0.001961974759,4.72731304e-007,
4255	-3.72881469e-011,1.623737207e-015},
4256	bhigh={75320.6691,-121.9124889},
4257	R=518.2791167938085);
4258
4259	constant IdealGases.Common.DataRecord CO2(
4260	name="CO2",
4261	MM=0.0440095,
4262	Hf=-8941478.544405185,
4263	H0=212805.6215135368,
4264	Tlimit=1000,
4265	alow={49436.5054,-626.411601,5.30172524,0.002503813816,-2.127308728e-007,-7.68998878e-010,
4266	2.849677801e-013},
4267	blow={-45281.9846,-7.04827944},
4268	ahigh={117696.2419,-1788.791477,8.29152319,-9.22315678e-005,4.86367688e-009,
4269	-1.891053312e-012,6.330036589999999e-016},
4270	bhigh={-39083.5059,-26.52669281},
4271	R=188.9244822140674);
4272
4273	constant IdealGases.Common.DataRecord H2O(
4274	name="H2O",
4275	MM=0.01801528,
4276	Hf=-13423382.81725291,
4277	H0=549760.6476280135,
4278	Tlimit=1000,
4279	alow={-39479.6083,575.573102,0.931782653,0.00722271286,-7.34255737e-006,
4280	4.95504349e-009,-1.336933246e-012},
4281	blow={-33039.7431,17.24205775},
4282	ahigh={1034972.096,-2412.698562,4.64611078,0.002291998307,-6.836830479999999e-007,
4283	9.426468930000001e-011,-4.82238053e-015},
4284	bhigh={-13842.86509,-7.97814851},
4285	R=461.5233290850878);
4286
4287	constant IdealGases.Common.DataRecord N2(
4288	name="N2",
4289	MM=0.0280134,
4290	Hf=0,
4291	H0=309498.4543111511,
4292	Tlimit=1000,
4293	alow={22103.71497,-381.846182,6.08273836,-0.00853091441,1.384646189e-005,-9.62579362e-009,
4294	2.519705809e-012},
4295	blow={710.846086,-10.76003744},
4296	ahigh={587712.406,-2239.249073,6.06694922,-0.00061396855,1.491806679e-007,-1.923105485e-011,
4297	1.061954386e-015},
4298	bhigh={12832.10415,-15.86640027},
4299	R=296.8033869505308);
4300
4301	constant IdealGases.Common.DataRecord O2(
4302	name="O2",
4303	MM=0.0319988,
4304	Hf=0,
4305	H0=271263.4223783392,
4306	Tlimit=1000,
4307	alow={-34255.6342,484.700097,1.119010961,0.00429388924,-6.83630052e-007,-2.0233727e-009,
4308	1.039040018e-012},
4309	blow={-3391.45487,18.4969947},
4310	ahigh={-1037939.022,2344.830282,1.819732036,0.001267847582,-2.188067988e-007,
4311	2.053719572e-011,-8.193467050000001e-016},
4312	bhigh={-16890.10929,17.38716506},
4313	R=259.8369938872708);
4314	annotation ( Documentation(info="<HTML>
4315	<p>This package contains ideal gas models for the 1241 ideal gases from</p>
4316	<blockquote>
4317	<p>McBride B.J., Zehe M.J., and Gordon S. (2002): <b>NASA Glenn Coefficients
4318	for Calculating Thermodynamic Properties of Individual Species</b>. NASA
4319	report TP-2002-211556</p>
4320	</blockquote>
4321
4322	<pre>
4323	Ag BaOH+ C2H4O_ethylen_o DF In2I4 Nb ScO2
4324	Ag+ Ba_OH_2 CH3CHO_ethanal DOCl In2I6 Nb+ Sc2O
4325	Ag- BaS CH3COOH DO2 In2O Nb- Sc2O2
4326	Air Ba2 OHCH2COOH DO2- K NbCl5 Si
4327	Al Be C2H5 D2 K+ NbO Si+
4328	Al+ Be+ C2H5Br D2+ K- NbOCl3 Si-
4329	Al- Be++ C2H6 D2- KAlF4 NbO2 SiBr
4330	AlBr BeBr CH3N2CH3 D2O KBO2 Ne SiBr2
4331	AlBr2 BeBr2 C2H5OH D2O2 KBr Ne+ SiBr3
4332	AlBr3 BeCl CH3OCH3 D2S KCN Ni SiBr4
4333	AlC BeCl2 CH3O2CH3 e- KCl Ni+ SiC
4334	AlC2 BeF CCN F KF Ni- SiC2
4335	AlCl BeF2 CNC F+ KH NiCl SiCl
4336	AlCl+ BeH OCCN F- KI NiCl2 SiCl2
4337	AlCl2 BeH+ C2N2 FCN Kli NiO SiCl3
4338	AlCl3 BeH2 C2O FCO KNO2 NiS SiCl4
4339	AlF BeI C3 FO KNO3 O SiF
4340	AlF+ BeI2 C3H3_1_propynl FO2_FOO KNa O+ SiFCl
4341	AlFCl BeN C3H3_2_propynl FO2_OFO KO O- SiF2
4342	AlFCl2 BeO C3H4_allene F2 KOH OD SiF3
4343	AlF2 BeOH C3H4_propyne F2O K2 OD- SiF4
4344	AlF2- BeOH+ C3H4_cyclo F2O2 K2+ OH SiH
4345	AlF2Cl Be_OH_2 C3H5_allyl FS2F K2Br2 OH+ SiH+
4346	AlF3 BeS C3H6_propylene Fe K2CO3 OH- SiHBr3
4347	AlF4- Be2 C3H6_cyclo Fe+ K2C2N2 O2 SiHCl
4348	AlH Be2Cl4 C3H6O_propylox Fe_CO_5 K2Cl2 O2+ SiHCl3
4349	AlHCl Be2F4 C3H6O_acetone FeCl K2F2 O2- SiHF
4350	AlHCl2 Be2O C3H6O_propanal FeCl2 K2I2 O3 SiHF3
4351	AlHF Be2OF2 C3H7_n_propyl FeCl3 K2O P SiHI3
4352	AlHFCl Be2O2 C3H7_i_propyl FeO K2O+ P+ SiH2
4353	AlHF2 Be3O3 C3H8 Fe_OH_2 K2O2 P- SiH2Br2
4354	AlH2 Be4O4 C3H8O_1propanol Fe2Cl4 K2O2H2 PCl SiH2Cl2
4355	AlH2Cl Br C3H8O_2propanol Fe2Cl6 K2SO4 PCl2 SiH2F2
4356	AlH2F Br+ CNCOCN Ga Kr PCl2- SiH2I2
4357	AlH3 Br- C3O2 Ga+ Kr+ PCl3 SiH3
4358	AlI BrCl C4 GaBr li PCl5 SiH3Br
4359	AlI2 BrF C4H2_butadiyne GaBr2 li+ PF SiH3Cl
4360	AlI3 BrF3 C4H4_1_3-cyclo GaBr3 li- PF+ SiH3F
4361	AlN BrF5 C4H6_butadiene GaCl liAlF4 PF- SiH3I
4362	AlO BrO C4H6_1butyne GaCl2 liBO2 PFCl SiH4
4363	AlO+ OBrO C4H6_2butyne GaCl3 liBr PFCl- SiI
4364	AlO- BrOO C4H6_cyclo GaF liCl PFCl2 SiI2
4365	AlOCl BrO3 C4H8_1_butene GaF2 liF PFCl4 SiN
4366	AlOCl2 Br2 C4H8_cis2_buten GaF3 liH PF2 SiO
4367	AlOF BrBrO C4H8_isobutene GaH liI PF2- SiO2
4368	AlOF2 BrOBr C4H8_cyclo GaI liN PF2Cl SiS
4369	AlOF2- C C4H9_n_butyl GaI2 liNO2 PF2Cl3 SiS2
4370	AlOH C+ C4H9_i_butyl GaI3 liNO3 PF3 Si2
4371	AlOHCl C- C4H9_s_butyl GaO liO PF3Cl2 Si2C
4372	AlOHCl2 CBr C4H9_t_butyl GaOH liOF PF4Cl Si2F6
4373	AlOHF CBr2 C4H10_n_butane Ga2Br2 liOH PF5 Si2N
4374	AlOHF2 CBr3 C4H10_isobutane Ga2Br4 liON PH Si3
4375	AlO2 CBr4 C4N2 Ga2Br6 li2 PH2 Sn
4376	AlO2- CCl C5 Ga2Cl2 li2+ PH2- Sn+
4377	Al_OH_2 CCl2 C5H6_1_3cyclo Ga2Cl4 li2Br2 PH3 Sn-
4378	Al_OH_2Cl CCl2Br2 C5H8_cyclo Ga2Cl6 li2F2 PN SnBr
4379	Al_OH_2F CCl3 C5H10_1_pentene Ga2F2 li2I2 PO SnBr2
4380	Al_OH_3 CCl3Br C5H10_cyclo Ga2F4 li2O PO- SnBr3
4381	AlS CCl4 C5H11_pentyl Ga2F6 li2O+ POCl3 SnBr4
4382	AlS2 CF C5H11_t_pentyl Ga2I2 li2O2 POFCl2 SnCl
4383	Al2 CF+ C5H12_n_pentane Ga2I4 li2O2H2 POF2Cl SnCl2
4384	Al2Br6 CFBr3 C5H12_i_pentane Ga2I6 li2SO4 POF3 SnCl3
4385	Al2C2 CFCl CH3C_CH3_2CH3 Ga2O li3+ PO2 SnCl4
4386	Al2Cl6 CFClBr2 C6D5_phenyl Ge li3Br3 PO2- SnF
4387	Al2F6 CFCl2 C6D6 Ge+ li3Cl3 PS SnF2
4388	Al2I6 CFCl2Br C6H2 Ge- li3F3 P2 SnF3
4389	Al2O CFCl3 C6H5_phenyl GeBr li3I3 P2O3 SnF4
4390	Al2O+ CF2 C6H5O_phenoxy GeBr2 Mg P2O4 SnI
4391	Al2O2 CF2+ C6H6 GeBr3 Mg+ P2O5 SnI2
4392	Al2O2+ CF2Br2 C6H5OH_phenol GeBr4 MgBr P3 SnI3
4393	Al2O3 CF2Cl C6H10_cyclo GeCl MgBr2 P3O6 SnI4
4394	Al2S CF2ClBr C6H12_1_hexene GeCl2 MgCl P4 SnO
4395	Al2S2 CF2Cl2 C6H12_cyclo GeCl3 MgCl+ P4O6 SnO2
4396	Ar CF3 C6H13_n_hexyl GeCl4 MgCl2 P4O7 SnS
4397	Ar+ CF3+ C6H14_n_hexane GeF MgF P4O8 SnS2
4398	B CF3Br C7H7_benzyl GeF2 MgF+ P4O9 Sn2
4399	B+ CF3Cl C7H8 GeF3 MgF2 P4O10 Sr
4400	B- CF4 C7H8O_cresol_mx GeF4 MgF2+ Pb Sr+
4401	BBr CH+ C7H14_1_heptene GeH4 MgH Pb+ SrBr
4402	BBr2 CHBr3 C7H15_n_heptyl GeI MgI Pb- SrBr2
4403	BBr3 CHCl C7H16_n_heptane GeO MgI2 PbBr SrCl
4404	BC CHClBr2 C7H16_2_methylh GeO2 MgN PbBr2 SrCl+
4405	BC2 CHCl2 C8H8_styrene GeS MgO PbBr3 SrCl2
4406	BCl CHCl2Br C8H10_ethylbenz GeS2 MgOH PbBr4 SrF
4407	BCl+ CHCl3 C8H16_1_octene Ge2 MgOH+ PbCl SrF+
4408	BClOH CHF C8H17_n_octyl H Mg_OH_2 PbCl2 SrF2
4409	BCl_OH_2 CHFBr2 C8H18_n_octane H+ MgS PbCl3 SrH
4410	BCl2 CHFCl C8H18_isooctane H- Mg2 PbCl4 SrI
4411	BCl2+ CHFClBr C9H19_n_nonyl HAlO Mg2F4 PbF SrI2
4412	BCl2OH CHFCl2 C10H8_naphthale HAlO2 Mn PbF2 SrO
4413	BF CHF2 C10H21_n_decyl HBO Mn+ PbF3 SrOH
4414	BFCl CHF2Br C12H9_o_bipheny HBO+ Mo PbF4 SrOH+
4415	BFCl2 CHF2Cl C12H10_biphenyl HBO2 Mo+ PbI Sr_OH_2
4416	BFOH CHF3 Ca HBS Mo- PbI2 SrS
4417	BF_OH_2 CHI3 Ca+ HBS+ MoO PbI3 Sr2
4418	BF2 CH2 CaBr HCN MoO2 PbI4 Ta
4419	BF2+ CH2Br2 CaBr2 HCO MoO3 PbO Ta+
4420	BF2- CH2Cl CaCl HCO+ MoO3- PbO2 Ta-
4421	BF2Cl CH2ClBr CaCl+ HCCN Mo2O6 PbS TaCl5
4422	BF2OH CH2Cl2 CaCl2 HCCO Mo3O9 PbS2 TaO
4423	BF3 CH2F CaF HCl Mo4O12 Rb TaO2
4424	BF4- CH2FBr CaF+ HD Mo5O15 Rb+ Ti
4425	BH CH2FCl CaF2 HD+ N Rb- Ti+
4426	BHCl CH2F2 CaH HDO N+ RbBO2 Ti-
4427	BHCl2 CH2I2 CaI HDO2 N- RbBr TiCl
4428	BHF CH3 CaI2 HF NCO RbCl TiCl2
4429	BHFCl CH3Br CaO HI ND RbF TiCl3
4430	BHF2 CH3Cl CaO+ HNC ND2 RbH TiCl4
4431	BH2 CH3F CaOH HNCO ND3 RbI TiO
4432	BH2Cl CH3I CaOH+ HNO NF RbK TiO+
4433	BH2F CH2OH Ca_OH_2 HNO2 NF2 Rbli TiOCl
4434	BH3 CH2OH+ CaS HNO3 NF3 RbNO2 TiOCl2
4435	BH3NH3 CH3O Ca2 HOCl NH RbNO3 TiO2
4436	BH4 CH4 Cd HOF NH+ RbNa U
4437	BI CH3OH Cd+ HO2 NHF RbO UF
4438	BI2 CH3OOH Cl HO2- NHF2 RbOH UF+
4439	BI3 CI Cl+ HPO NH2 Rb2Br2 UF-
4440	BN CI2 Cl- HSO3F NH2F Rb2Cl2 UF2
4441	BO CI3 ClCN H2 NH3 Rb2F2 UF2+
4442	BO- CI4 ClF H2+ NH2OH Rb2I2 UF2-
4443	BOCl CN ClF3 H2- NH4+ Rb2O UF3
4444	BOCl2 CN+ ClF5 HBOH NO Rb2O2 UF3+
4445	BOF CN- ClO HCOOH NOCl Rb2O2H2 UF3-
4446	BOF2 CNN ClO2 H2F2 NOF Rb2SO4 UF4
4447	BOH CO Cl2 H2O NOF3 Rn UF4+
4448	BO2 CO+ Cl2O H2O+ NO2 Rn+ UF4-
4449	BO2- COCl Co H2O2 NO2- S UF5
4450	B_OH_2 COCl2 Co+ H2S NO2Cl S+ UF5+
4451	BS COFCl Co- H2SO4 NO2F S- UF5-
4452	BS2 COF2 Cr H2BOH NO3 SCl UF6
4453	B2 COHCl Cr+ HB_OH_2 NO3- SCl2 UF6-
4454	B2C COHF Cr- H3BO3 NO3F SCl2+ UO
4455	B2Cl4 COS CrN H3B3O3 N2 SD UO+
4456	B2F4 CO2 CrO H3B3O6 N2+ SF UOF
4457	B2H CO2+ CrO2 H3F3 N2- SF+ UOF2
4458	B2H2 COOH CrO3 H3O+ NCN SF- UOF3
4459	B2H3 CP CrO3- H4F4 N2D2_cis SF2 UOF4
4460	B2H3_db CS Cs H5F5 N2F2 SF2+ UO2
4461	B2H4 CS2 Cs+ H6F6 N2F4 SF2- UO2+
4462	B2H4_db C2 Cs- H7F7 N2H2 SF3 UO2-
4463	B2H5 C2+ CsBO2 He NH2NO2 SF3+ UO2F
4464	B2H5_db C2- CsBr He+ N2H4 SF3- UO2F2
4465	B2H6 C2Cl CsCl Hg N2O SF4 UO3
4466	B2O C2Cl2 CsF Hg+ N2O+ SF4+ UO3-
4467	B2O2 C2Cl3 CsH HgBr2 N2O3 SF4- V
4468	B2O3 C2Cl4 CsI I N2O4 SF5 V+
4469	B2_OH_4 C2Cl6 Csli I+ N2O5 SF5+ V-
4470	B2S C2F CsNO2 I- N3 SF5- VCl4
4471	B2S2 C2FCl CsNO3 IF5 N3H SF6 VN
4472	B2S3 C2FCl3 CsNa IF7 Na SF6- VO
4473	B3H7_C2v C2F2 CsO I2 Na+ SH VO2
4474	B3H7_Cs C2F2Cl2 CsOH In Na- SH- V4O10
4475	B3H9 C2F3 CsRb In+ NaAlF4 SN W
4476	B3N3H6 C2F3Cl Cs2 InBr NaBO2 SO W+
4477	B3O3Cl3 C2F4 Cs2Br2 InBr2 NaBr SO- W-
4478	B3O3FCl2 C2F6 Cs2CO3 InBr3 NaCN SOF2 WCl6
4479	B3O3F2Cl C2H Cs2Cl2 InCl NaCl SO2 WO
4480	B3O3F3 C2HCl Cs2F2 InCl2 NaF SO2- WOCl4
4481	B4H4 C2HCl3 Cs2I2 InCl3 NaH SO2Cl2 WO2
4482	B4H10 C2HF Cs2O InF NaI SO2FCl WO2Cl2
4483	B4H12 C2HFCl2 Cs2O+ InF2 Nali SO2F2 WO3
4484	B5H9 C2HF2Cl Cs2O2 InF3 NaNO2 SO3 WO3-
4485	Ba C2HF3 Cs2O2H2 InH NaNO3 S2 Xe
4486	Ba+ C2H2_vinylidene Cs2SO4 InI NaO S2- Xe+
4487	BaBr C2H2Cl2 Cu InI2 NaOH S2Cl2 Zn
4488	BaBr2 C2H2FCl Cu+ InI3 NaOH+ S2F2 Zn+
4489	BaCl C2H2F2 Cu- InO Na2 S2O Zr
4490	BaCl+ CH2CO_ketene CuCl InOH Na2Br2 S3 Zr+
4491	BaCl2 O_CH_2O CuF In2Br2 Na2Cl2 S4 Zr-
4492	BaF HO_CO_2OH CuF2 In2Br4 Na2F2 S5 ZrN
4493	BaF+ C2H3_vinyl CuO In2Br6 Na2I2 S6 ZrO
4494	BaF2 CH2Br-COOH Cu2 In2Cl2 Na2O S7 ZrO+
4495	BaH C2H3Cl Cu3Cl3 In2Cl4 Na2O+ S8 ZrO2
4496	BaI CH2Cl-COOH D In2Cl6 Na2O2 Sc
4497	BaI2 C2H3F D+ In2F2 Na2O2H2 Sc+
4498	BaO CH3CN D- In2F4 Na2SO4 Sc-
4499	BaO+ CH3CO_acetyl DBr In2F6 Na3Cl3 ScO
4500	BaOH C2H4 DCl In2I2 Na3F3 ScO+
4501	</pre>
4502	</HTML>"));
4503	end SingleGasesData;
4504	annotation (Documentation(info="<html>
4505
4506	</html>"));
4507	end Common;
4508	annotation (Documentation(info="<HTML>
4509	<p>This package contains data for the 1241 ideal gases from</p>
4510	<blockquote>
4511	<p>McBride B.J., Zehe M.J., and Gordon S. (2002): <b>NASA Glenn Coefficients
4512	for Calculating Thermodynamic Properties of Individual Species</b>. NASA
4513	report TP-2002-211556</p>
4514	</blockquote>
4515	<p>Medium models for some of these gases are available in package
4516	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.IdealGases.SingleGases\">IdealGases.SingleGases</a>
4517	and some examples for mixtures are available in package <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.IdealGases.MixtureGases\">IdealGases.MixtureGases</a>
4518	</p>
4519	<h4>Using and Adapting Medium Models</h4>
4520	<p>
4521	The data records allow computing the ideal gas specific enthalpy, specific entropy and heat capacity of the substances listed below. From them, even the Gibbs energy and equilibrium constants for reactions can be computed. Critical data that is needed for computing the viscosity and thermal conductivity is not included. In order to add mixtures or single substance medium packages that are
4522	subtypes of
4523	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.Interfaces.PartialMedium\">Interfaces.PartialMedium</a>
4524	(i.e., can be utilized at all places where PartialMedium is defined),
4525	a few additional steps have to be performed:
4526	</p>
4527	<ol>
4528	<li>
4529	All single gas media need to define a constant instance of record
4530	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.Interfaces.PartialMedium.FluidConstants\">IdealGases.Common.SingleGasNasa.FluidConstants</a>.
4531	For 37 ideal gases such records are provided in package
4532	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.FluidData\">IdealGases.Common.FluidData</a>.
4533	For the other gases, such a record instance has to be provided by the user, e.g., by getting
4534	the data from a commercial or public data base. A public source of the needed data is for example the <a href=\"http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/\"> NIST Chemistry WebBook</a></li>
4535
4536	<li>When the data is available, and a user has an instance of a
4537	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.Interfaces.PartialMedium.FluidConstants\">FluidConstants</a> record filled with data, a medium package has to be written. Note that only the dipole moment, the accentric factor and critical data are necessary for the viscosity and thermal conductivity functions.</li>
4538	<li><ul>
4539	<li>For single components, a new package following the pattern in
4540	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.IdealGases.SingleGases\">IdealGases.SingleGases</a> has to be created, pointing both to a data record for cp and to a user-defined fluidContants record.</li>
4541	<li>For mixtures of several components, a new package following the pattern in
4542	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.IdealGases.MixtureGases\">IdealGases.MixtureGases</a> has to be created, building an array of data records for cp and an array of (partly) user-defined fluidContants records.</li>
4543	</ul></li>
4544	</ol>
4545	<p>Note that many properties can computed for the full set of 1241 gases listed below, but due to the missing viscosity and thermal conductivity functions, no fully Modelica.Media-compliant media can be defined.</p>
4546	<p>
4547	Data records for heat capacity, specific enthalpy and specific entropy exist for the following substances and ions:
4548	</p>
4549	<pre>
4550	Ag BaOH+ C2H4O_ethylen_o DF In2I4 Nb ScO2
4551	Ag+ Ba_OH_2 CH3CHO_ethanal DOCl In2I6 Nb+ Sc2O
4552	Ag- BaS CH3COOH DO2 In2O Nb- Sc2O2
4553	Air Ba2 OHCH2COOH DO2- K NbCl5 Si
4554	Al Be C2H5 D2 K+ NbO Si+
4555	Al+ Be+ C2H5Br D2+ K- NbOCl3 Si-
4556	Al- Be++ C2H6 D2- KAlF4 NbO2 SiBr
4557	AlBr BeBr CH3N2CH3 D2O KBO2 Ne SiBr2
4558	AlBr2 BeBr2 C2H5OH D2O2 KBr Ne+ SiBr3
4559	AlBr3 BeCl CH3OCH3 D2S KCN Ni SiBr4
4560	AlC BeCl2 CH3O2CH3 e- KCl Ni+ SiC
4561	AlC2 BeF CCN F KF Ni- SiC2
4562	AlCl BeF2 CNC F+ KH NiCl SiCl
4563	AlCl+ BeH OCCN F- KI NiCl2 SiCl2
4564	AlCl2 BeH+ C2N2 FCN Kli NiO SiCl3
4565	AlCl3 BeH2 C2O FCO KNO2 NiS SiCl4
4566	AlF BeI C3 FO KNO3 O SiF
4567	AlF+ BeI2 C3H3_1_propynl FO2_FOO KNa O+ SiFCl
4568	AlFCl BeN C3H3_2_propynl FO2_OFO KO O- SiF2
4569	AlFCl2 BeO C3H4_allene F2 KOH OD SiF3
4570	AlF2 BeOH C3H4_propyne F2O K2 OD- SiF4
4571	AlF2- BeOH+ C3H4_cyclo F2O2 K2+ OH SiH
4572	AlF2Cl Be_OH_2 C3H5_allyl FS2F K2Br2 OH+ SiH+
4573	AlF3 BeS C3H6_propylene Fe K2CO3 OH- SiHBr3
4574	AlF4- Be2 C3H6_cyclo Fe+ K2C2N2 O2 SiHCl
4575	AlH Be2Cl4 C3H6O_propylox Fe_CO_5 K2Cl2 O2+ SiHCl3
4576	AlHCl Be2F4 C3H6O_acetone FeCl K2F2 O2- SiHF
4577	AlHCl2 Be2O C3H6O_propanal FeCl2 K2I2 O3 SiHF3
4578	AlHF Be2OF2 C3H7_n_propyl FeCl3 K2O P SiHI3
4579	AlHFCl Be2O2 C3H7_i_propyl FeO K2O+ P+ SiH2
4580	AlHF2 Be3O3 C3H8 Fe_OH_2 K2O2 P- SiH2Br2
4581	AlH2 Be4O4 C3H8O_1propanol Fe2Cl4 K2O2H2 PCl SiH2Cl2
4582	AlH2Cl Br C3H8O_2propanol Fe2Cl6 K2SO4 PCl2 SiH2F2
4583	AlH2F Br+ CNCOCN Ga Kr PCl2- SiH2I2
4584	AlH3 Br- C3O2 Ga+ Kr+ PCl3 SiH3
4585	AlI BrCl C4 GaBr li PCl5 SiH3Br
4586	AlI2 BrF C4H2_butadiyne GaBr2 li+ PF SiH3Cl
4587	AlI3 BrF3 C4H4_1_3-cyclo GaBr3 li- PF+ SiH3F
4588	AlN BrF5 C4H6_butadiene GaCl liAlF4 PF- SiH3I
4589	AlO BrO C4H6_1butyne GaCl2 liBO2 PFCl SiH4
4590	AlO+ OBrO C4H6_2butyne GaCl3 liBr PFCl- SiI
4591	AlO- BrOO C4H6_cyclo GaF liCl PFCl2 SiI2
4592	AlOCl BrO3 C4H8_1_butene GaF2 liF PFCl4 SiN
4593	AlOCl2 Br2 C4H8_cis2_buten GaF3 liH PF2 SiO
4594	AlOF BrBrO C4H8_isobutene GaH liI PF2- SiO2
4595	AlOF2 BrOBr C4H8_cyclo GaI liN PF2Cl SiS
4596	AlOF2- C C4H9_n_butyl GaI2 liNO2 PF2Cl3 SiS2
4597	AlOH C+ C4H9_i_butyl GaI3 liNO3 PF3 Si2
4598	AlOHCl C- C4H9_s_butyl GaO liO PF3Cl2 Si2C
4599	AlOHCl2 CBr C4H9_t_butyl GaOH liOF PF4Cl Si2F6
4600	AlOHF CBr2 C4H10_n_butane Ga2Br2 liOH PF5 Si2N
4601	AlOHF2 CBr3 C4H10_isobutane Ga2Br4 liON PH Si3
4602	AlO2 CBr4 C4N2 Ga2Br6 li2 PH2 Sn
4603	AlO2- CCl C5 Ga2Cl2 li2+ PH2- Sn+
4604	Al_OH_2 CCl2 C5H6_1_3cyclo Ga2Cl4 li2Br2 PH3 Sn-
4605	Al_OH_2Cl CCl2Br2 C5H8_cyclo Ga2Cl6 li2F2 PN SnBr
4606	Al_OH_2F CCl3 C5H10_1_pentene Ga2F2 li2I2 PO SnBr2
4607	Al_OH_3 CCl3Br C5H10_cyclo Ga2F4 li2O PO- SnBr3
4608	AlS CCl4 C5H11_pentyl Ga2F6 li2O+ POCl3 SnBr4
4609	AlS2 CF C5H11_t_pentyl Ga2I2 li2O2 POFCl2 SnCl
4610	Al2 CF+ C5H12_n_pentane Ga2I4 li2O2H2 POF2Cl SnCl2
4611	Al2Br6 CFBr3 C5H12_i_pentane Ga2I6 li2SO4 POF3 SnCl3
4612	Al2C2 CFCl CH3C_CH3_2CH3 Ga2O li3+ PO2 SnCl4
4613	Al2Cl6 CFClBr2 C6D5_phenyl Ge li3Br3 PO2- SnF
4614	Al2F6 CFCl2 C6D6 Ge+ li3Cl3 PS SnF2
4615	Al2I6 CFCl2Br C6H2 Ge- li3F3 P2 SnF3
4616	Al2O CFCl3 C6H5_phenyl GeBr li3I3 P2O3 SnF4
4617	Al2O+ CF2 C6H5O_phenoxy GeBr2 Mg P2O4 SnI
4618	Al2O2 CF2+ C6H6 GeBr3 Mg+ P2O5 SnI2
4619	Al2O2+ CF2Br2 C6H5OH_phenol GeBr4 MgBr P3 SnI3
4620	Al2O3 CF2Cl C6H10_cyclo GeCl MgBr2 P3O6 SnI4
4621	Al2S CF2ClBr C6H12_1_hexene GeCl2 MgCl P4 SnO
4622	Al2S2 CF2Cl2 C6H12_cyclo GeCl3 MgCl+ P4O6 SnO2
4623	Ar CF3 C6H13_n_hexyl GeCl4 MgCl2 P4O7 SnS
4624	Ar+ CF3+ C6H14_n_hexane GeF MgF P4O8 SnS2
4625	B CF3Br C7H7_benzyl GeF2 MgF+ P4O9 Sn2
4626	B+ CF3Cl C7H8 GeF3 MgF2 P4O10 Sr
4627	B- CF4 C7H8O_cresol_mx GeF4 MgF2+ Pb Sr+
4628	BBr CH+ C7H14_1_heptene GeH4 MgH Pb+ SrBr
4629	BBr2 CHBr3 C7H15_n_heptyl GeI MgI Pb- SrBr2
4630	BBr3 CHCl C7H16_n_heptane GeO MgI2 PbBr SrCl
4631	BC CHClBr2 C7H16_2_methylh GeO2 MgN PbBr2 SrCl+
4632	BC2 CHCl2 C8H8_styrene GeS MgO PbBr3 SrCl2
4633	BCl CHCl2Br C8H10_ethylbenz GeS2 MgOH PbBr4 SrF
4634	BCl+ CHCl3 C8H16_1_octene Ge2 MgOH+ PbCl SrF+
4635	BClOH CHF C8H17_n_octyl H Mg_OH_2 PbCl2 SrF2
4636	BCl_OH_2 CHFBr2 C8H18_n_octane H+ MgS PbCl3 SrH
4637	BCl2 CHFCl C8H18_isooctane H- Mg2 PbCl4 SrI
4638	BCl2+ CHFClBr C9H19_n_nonyl HAlO Mg2F4 PbF SrI2
4639	BCl2OH CHFCl2 C10H8_naphthale HAlO2 Mn PbF2 SrO
4640	BF CHF2 C10H21_n_decyl HBO Mn+ PbF3 SrOH
4641	BFCl CHF2Br C12H9_o_bipheny HBO+ Mo PbF4 SrOH+
4642	BFCl2 CHF2Cl C12H10_biphenyl HBO2 Mo+ PbI Sr_OH_2
4643	BFOH CHF3 Ca HBS Mo- PbI2 SrS
4644	BF_OH_2 CHI3 Ca+ HBS+ MoO PbI3 Sr2
4645	BF2 CH2 CaBr HCN MoO2 PbI4 Ta
4646	BF2+ CH2Br2 CaBr2 HCO MoO3 PbO Ta+
4647	BF2- CH2Cl CaCl HCO+ MoO3- PbO2 Ta-
4648	BF2Cl CH2ClBr CaCl+ HCCN Mo2O6 PbS TaCl5
4649	BF2OH CH2Cl2 CaCl2 HCCO Mo3O9 PbS2 TaO
4650	BF3 CH2F CaF HCl Mo4O12 Rb TaO2
4651	BF4- CH2FBr CaF+ HD Mo5O15 Rb+ Ti
4652	BH CH2FCl CaF2 HD+ N Rb- Ti+
4653	BHCl CH2F2 CaH HDO N+ RbBO2 Ti-
4654	BHCl2 CH2I2 CaI HDO2 N- RbBr TiCl
4655	BHF CH3 CaI2 HF NCO RbCl TiCl2
4656	BHFCl CH3Br CaO HI ND RbF TiCl3
4657	BHF2 CH3Cl CaO+ HNC ND2 RbH TiCl4
4658	BH2 CH3F CaOH HNCO ND3 RbI TiO
4659	BH2Cl CH3I CaOH+ HNO NF RbK TiO+
4660	BH2F CH2OH Ca_OH_2 HNO2 NF2 Rbli TiOCl
4661	BH3 CH2OH+ CaS HNO3 NF3 RbNO2 TiOCl2
4662	BH3NH3 CH3O Ca2 HOCl NH RbNO3 TiO2
4663	BH4 CH4 Cd HOF NH+ RbNa U
4664	BI CH3OH Cd+ HO2 NHF RbO UF
4665	BI2 CH3OOH Cl HO2- NHF2 RbOH UF+
4666	BI3 CI Cl+ HPO NH2 Rb2Br2 UF-
4667	BN CI2 Cl- HSO3F NH2F Rb2Cl2 UF2
4668	BO CI3 ClCN H2 NH3 Rb2F2 UF2+
4669	BO- CI4 ClF H2+ NH2OH Rb2I2 UF2-
4670	BOCl CN ClF3 H2- NH4+ Rb2O UF3
4671	BOCl2 CN+ ClF5 HBOH NO Rb2O2 UF3+
4672	BOF CN- ClO HCOOH NOCl Rb2O2H2 UF3-
4673	BOF2 CNN ClO2 H2F2 NOF Rb2SO4 UF4
4674	BOH CO Cl2 H2O NOF3 Rn UF4+
4675	BO2 CO+ Cl2O H2O+ NO2 Rn+ UF4-
4676	BO2- COCl Co H2O2 NO2- S UF5
4677	B_OH_2 COCl2 Co+ H2S NO2Cl S+ UF5+
4678	BS COFCl Co- H2SO4 NO2F S- UF5-
4679	BS2 COF2 Cr H2BOH NO3 SCl UF6
4680	B2 COHCl Cr+ HB_OH_2 NO3- SCl2 UF6-
4681	B2C COHF Cr- H3BO3 NO3F SCl2+ UO
4682	B2Cl4 COS CrN H3B3O3 N2 SD UO+
4683	B2F4 CO2 CrO H3B3O6 N2+ SF UOF
4684	B2H CO2+ CrO2 H3F3 N2- SF+ UOF2
4685	B2H2 COOH CrO3 H3O+ NCN SF- UOF3
4686	B2H3 CP CrO3- H4F4 N2D2_cis SF2 UOF4
4687	B2H3_db CS Cs H5F5 N2F2 SF2+ UO2
4688	B2H4 CS2 Cs+ H6F6 N2F4 SF2- UO2+
4689	B2H4_db C2 Cs- H7F7 N2H2 SF3 UO2-
4690	B2H5 C2+ CsBO2 He NH2NO2 SF3+ UO2F
4691	B2H5_db C2- CsBr He+ N2H4 SF3- UO2F2
4692	B2H6 C2Cl CsCl Hg N2O SF4 UO3
4693	B2O C2Cl2 CsF Hg+ N2O+ SF4+ UO3-
4694	B2O2 C2Cl3 CsH HgBr2 N2O3 SF4- V
4695	B2O3 C2Cl4 CsI I N2O4 SF5 V+
4696	B2_OH_4 C2Cl6 Csli I+ N2O5 SF5+ V-
4697	B2S C2F CsNO2 I- N3 SF5- VCl4
4698	B2S2 C2FCl CsNO3 IF5 N3H SF6 VN
4699	B2S3 C2FCl3 CsNa IF7 Na SF6- VO
4700	B3H7_C2v C2F2 CsO I2 Na+ SH VO2
4701	B3H7_Cs C2F2Cl2 CsOH In Na- SH- V4O10
4702	B3H9 C2F3 CsRb In+ NaAlF4 SN W
4703	B3N3H6 C2F3Cl Cs2 InBr NaBO2 SO W+
4704	B3O3Cl3 C2F4 Cs2Br2 InBr2 NaBr SO- W-
4705	B3O3FCl2 C2F6 Cs2CO3 InBr3 NaCN SOF2 WCl6
4706	B3O3F2Cl C2H Cs2Cl2 InCl NaCl SO2 WO
4707	B3O3F3 C2HCl Cs2F2 InCl2 NaF SO2- WOCl4
4708	B4H4 C2HCl3 Cs2I2 InCl3 NaH SO2Cl2 WO2
4709	B4H10 C2HF Cs2O InF NaI SO2FCl WO2Cl2
4710	B4H12 C2HFCl2 Cs2O+ InF2 Nali SO2F2 WO3
4711	B5H9 C2HF2Cl Cs2O2 InF3 NaNO2 SO3 WO3-
4712	Ba C2HF3 Cs2O2H2 InH NaNO3 S2 Xe
4713	Ba+ C2H2_vinylidene Cs2SO4 InI NaO S2- Xe+
4714	BaBr C2H2Cl2 Cu InI2 NaOH S2Cl2 Zn
4715	BaBr2 C2H2FCl Cu+ InI3 NaOH+ S2F2 Zn+
4716	BaCl C2H2F2 Cu- InO Na2 S2O Zr
4717	BaCl+ CH2CO_ketene CuCl InOH Na2Br2 S3 Zr+
4718	BaCl2 O_CH_2O CuF In2Br2 Na2Cl2 S4 Zr-
4719	BaF HO_CO_2OH CuF2 In2Br4 Na2F2 S5 ZrN
4720	BaF+ C2H3_vinyl CuO In2Br6 Na2I2 S6 ZrO
4721	BaF2 CH2Br-COOH Cu2 In2Cl2 Na2O S7 ZrO+
4722	BaH C2H3Cl Cu3Cl3 In2Cl4 Na2O+ S8 ZrO2
4723	BaI CH2Cl-COOH D In2Cl6 Na2O2 Sc
4724	BaI2 C2H3F D+ In2F2 Na2O2H2 Sc+
4725	BaO CH3CN D- In2F4 Na2SO4 Sc-
4726	BaO+ CH3CO_acetyl DBr In2F6 Na3Cl3 ScO
4727	BaOH C2H4 DCl In2I2 Na3F3 ScO+
4728	</pre></HTML>"));
4729	end IdealGases;
4730	annotation (preferredView="info",Documentation(info="<HTML>
4731	<p>
4732	This library contains <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.Interfaces\">interface</a>
4733	definitions for media and the following <b>property</b> models for
4734	single and multiple substance fluids with one and multiple phases:
4735	</p>
4736	<ul>
4737	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.IdealGases\">Ideal gases:</a><br>
4738	1241 high precision gas models based on the
4739	NASA Glenn coefficients, plus ideal gas mixture models based
4740	on the same data.</li>
4741	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.Water\">Water models:</a><br>
4742	ConstantPropertyLiquidWater, WaterIF97 (high precision
4743	water model according to the IAPWS/IF97 standard)</li>
4744	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.Air\">Air models:</a><br>
4745	SimpleAir, DryAirNasa, ReferenceAir, MoistAir, ReferenceMoistAir.</li>
4746	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.Incompressible\">
4747	Incompressible media:</a><br>
4748	TableBased incompressible fluid models (properties are defined by tables rho(T),
4749	HeatCapacity_cp(T), etc.)</li>
4750	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.CompressibleLiquids\">
4751	Compressible liquids:</a><br>
4752	Simple liquid models with linear compressibility</li>
4753	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.R134a\">Refrigerant Tetrafluoroethane (R134a)</a>.</li>
4754	</ul>
4755	<p>
4756	The following parts are useful, when newly starting with this library:
4757	<ul>
4758	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.UsersGuide\">Modelica.Media.UsersGuide</a>.</li>
4759	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.UsersGuide.MediumUsage\">Modelica.Media.UsersGuide.MediumUsage</a>
4760	describes how to use a medium model in a component model.</li>
4761	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.UsersGuide.MediumDefinition\">
4762	Modelica.Media.UsersGuide.MediumDefinition</a>
4763	describes how a new fluid medium model has to be implemented.</li>
4764	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.UsersGuide.ReleaseNotes\">Modelica.Media.UsersGuide.ReleaseNotes</a>
4765	summarizes the changes of the library releases.</li>
4766	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.Examples\">Modelica.Media.Examples</a>
4767	contains examples that demonstrate the usage of this library.</li>
4768	</ul>
4769	<p>
4770	Copyright © 1998-2013, Modelica Association.
4771	</p>
4772	<p>
4773	<i>This Modelica package is <u>free</u> software and the use is completely at <u>your own risk</u>; it can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms of the Modelica License 2. For license conditions (including the disclaimer of warranty) see <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.UsersGuide.ModelicaLicense2\">Modelica.UsersGuide.ModelicaLicense2</a> or visit <a href=\"https://www.modelica.org/licenses/ModelicaLicense2\"> https://www.modelica.org/licenses/ModelicaLicense2</a>.</i>
4774	</p>
4775	</HTML>", revisions="<html>
4776	<ul>
4777	<li><i>May 16, 2013</i> by Stefan Wischhusen (XRG Simulation):<br/>
4778	Added new media models Air.ReferenceMoistAir, Air.ReferenceAir, R134a.</li>
4779	<li><i>May 25, 2011</i> by Francesco Casella:<br/>Added min/max attributes to Water, TableBased, MixtureGasNasa, SimpleAir and MoistAir local types.</li>
4780	<li><i>May 25, 2011</i> by Stefan Wischhusen:<br/>Added individual settings for polynomial fittings of properties.</li>
4781	</ul>
4782	</html>"),
4783	Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=false, extent={{-100,-100},{100,100}}),
4784	graphics={
4785	Line(
4786	points= {{-76,-80},{-62,-30},{-32,40},{4,66},{48,66},{73,45},{62,-8},{48,-50},{38,-80}},
4787	color={64,64,64},
4788	smooth=Smooth.Bezier),
4789	Line(
4790	points={{-40,20},{68,20}},
4791	color={175,175,175},
4792	smooth=Smooth.None),
4793	Line(
4794	points={{-40,20},{-44,88},{-44,88}},
4795	color={175,175,175},
4796	smooth=Smooth.None),
4797	Line(
4798	points={{68,20},{86,-58}},
4799	color={175,175,175},
4800	smooth=Smooth.None),
4801	Line(
4802	points={{-60,-28},{56,-28}},
4803	color={175,175,175},
4804	smooth=Smooth.None),
4805	Line(
4806	points={{-60,-28},{-74,84},{-74,84}},
4807	color={175,175,175},
4808	smooth=Smooth.None),
4809	Line(
4810	points={{56,-28},{70,-80}},
4811	color={175,175,175},
4812	smooth=Smooth.None),
4813	Line(
4814	points={{-76,-80},{38,-80}},
4815	color={175,175,175},
4816	smooth=Smooth.None),
4817	Line(
4818	points={{-76,-80},{-94,-16},{-94,-16}},
4819	color={175,175,175},
4820	smooth=Smooth.None)}));
4821	end Media;
4822
4823	package Math
4824	"Library of mathematical functions (e.g., sin, cos) and of functions operating on vectors and matrices"
4825	import SI = Modelica.SIunits;
4826	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
4827
4828	package Icons "Icons for Math"
4829	extends Modelica.Icons.IconsPackage;
4830
4831	partial function AxisLeft
4832	"Basic icon for mathematical function with y-axis on left side"
4833
4834	annotation (
4835	Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-100,-100},{100,
4836	100}}), graphics={
4837	Rectangle(
4838	extent={{-100,100},{100,-100}},
4839	lineColor={0,0,0},
4840	fillColor={255,255,255},
4841	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
4842	Line(points={{-80,-80},{-80,68}}, color={192,192,192}),
4843	Polygon(
4844	points={{-80,90},{-88,68},{-72,68},{-80,90}},
4845	lineColor={192,192,192},
4846	fillColor={192,192,192},
4847	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
4848	Text(
4849	extent={{-150,150},{150,110}},
4850	textString="%name",
4851	lineColor={0,0,255})}),
4852	Diagram(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-100,-100},{
4853	100,100}}), graphics={Line(points={{-80,80},{-88,80}}, color={95,
4854	95,95}),Line(points={{-80,-80},{-88,-80}}, color={95,95,95}),Line(
4855	points={{-80,-90},{-80,84}}, color={95,95,95}),Text(
4856	extent={{-75,104},{-55,84}},
4857	lineColor={95,95,95},
4858	textString="y"),Polygon(
4859	points={{-80,98},{-86,82},{-74,82},{-80,98}},
4860	lineColor={95,95,95},
4861	fillColor={95,95,95},
4862	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid)}),
4863	Documentation(info="<html>
4864	<p>
4865	Icon for a mathematical function, consisting of an y-axis on the left side.
4866	It is expected, that an x-axis is added and a plot of the function.
4867	</p>
4868	</html>"));
4869	end AxisLeft;
4870
4871	partial function AxisCenter
4872	"Basic icon for mathematical function with y-axis in the center"
4873
4874	annotation (
4875	Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-100,-100},{100,
4876	100}}), graphics={
4877	Rectangle(
4878	extent={{-100,100},{100,-100}},
4879	lineColor={0,0,0},
4880	fillColor={255,255,255},
4881	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
4882	Line(points={{0,-80},{0,68}}, color={192,192,192}),
4883	Polygon(
4884	points={{0,90},{-8,68},{8,68},{0,90}},
4885	lineColor={192,192,192},
4886	fillColor={192,192,192},
4887	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
4888	Text(
4889	extent={{-150,150},{150,110}},
4890	textString="%name",
4891	lineColor={0,0,255})}),
4892	Diagram(graphics={Line(points={{0,80},{-8,80}}, color={95,95,95}),Line(
4893	points={{0,-80},{-8,-80}}, color={95,95,95}),Line(points={{0,-90},{
4894	0,84}}, color={95,95,95}),Text(
4895	extent={{5,104},{25,84}},
4896	lineColor={95,95,95},
4897	textString="y"),Polygon(
4898	points={{0,98},{-6,82},{6,82},{0,98}},
4899	lineColor={95,95,95},
4900	fillColor={95,95,95},
4901	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid)}),
4902	Documentation(info="<html>
4903	<p>
4904	Icon for a mathematical function, consisting of an y-axis in the middle.
4905	It is expected, that an x-axis is added and a plot of the function.
4906	</p>
4907	</html>"));
4908	end AxisCenter;
4909	end Icons;
4910
4911	function sin "Sine"
4912	extends Modelica.Math.Icons.AxisLeft;
4913	input Modelica.SIunits.Angle u;
4914	output Real y;
4915
4916	external "builtin" y= sin(u);
4917	annotation (
4918	Icon(coordinateSystem(
4919	preserveAspectRatio=true,
4920	extent={{-100,-100},{100,100}}), graphics={
4921	Line(points={{-90,0},{68,0}}, color={192,192,192}),
4922	Polygon(
4923	points={{90,0},{68,8},{68,-8},{90,0}},
4924	lineColor={192,192,192},
4925	fillColor={192,192,192},
4926	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
4927	Line(points={{-80,0},{-68.7,34.2},{-61.5,53.1},{-55.1,66.4},{-49.4,74.6},
4928	{-43.8,79.1},{-38.2,79.8},{-32.6,76.6},{-26.9,69.7},{-21.3,59.4},
4929	{-14.9,44.1},{-6.83,21.2},{10.1,-30.8},{17.3,-50.2},{23.7,-64.2},
4930	{29.3,-73.1},{35,-78.4},{40.6,-80},{46.2,-77.6},{51.9,-71.5},{
4931	57.5,-61.9},{63.9,-47.2},{72,-24.8},{80,0}}, color={0,0,0}),
4932	Text(
4933	extent={{12,84},{84,36}},
4934	lineColor={192,192,192},
4935	textString="sin")}),
4936	Diagram(coordinateSystem(
4937	preserveAspectRatio=true,
4938	extent={{-100,-100},{100,100}}), graphics={Line(points={{-100,0},{84,0}}, color={95,95,95}),
4939	Polygon(
4940	points={{100,0},{84,6},{84,-6},{100,0}},
4941	lineColor={95,95,95},
4942	fillColor={95,95,95},
4943	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),Line(
4944	points={{-80,0},{-68.7,34.2},{-61.5,53.1},{-55.1,66.4},{-49.4,74.6},
4945	{-43.8,79.1},{-38.2,79.8},{-32.6,76.6},{-26.9,69.7},{-21.3,59.4},{-14.9,
4946	44.1},{-6.83,21.2},{10.1,-30.8},{17.3,-50.2},{23.7,-64.2},{29.3,-73.1},
4947	{35,-78.4},{40.6,-80},{46.2,-77.6},{51.9,-71.5},{57.5,-61.9},{63.9,
4948	-47.2},{72,-24.8},{80,0}},
4949	color={0,0,255},
4950	thickness=0.5),Text(
4951	extent={{-105,72},{-85,88}},
4952	textString="1",
4953	lineColor={0,0,255}),Text(
4954	extent={{70,25},{90,5}},
4955	textString="2*pi",
4956	lineColor={0,0,255}),Text(
4957	extent={{-103,-72},{-83,-88}},
4958	textString="-1",
4959	lineColor={0,0,255}),Text(
4960	extent={{82,-6},{102,-26}},
4961	lineColor={95,95,95},
4962	textString="u"),Line(
4963	points={{-80,80},{-28,80}},
4964	color={175,175,175},
4965	smooth=Smooth.None),Line(
4966	points={{-80,-80},{50,-80}},
4967	color={175,175,175},
4968	smooth=Smooth.None)}),
4969	Documentation(info="<html>
4970	<p>
4971	This function returns y = sin(u), with -∞ < u < ∞:
4972	</p>
4973
4974	<p>
4975	<img src=\"modelica://Modelica/Resources/Images/Math/sin.png\">
4976	</p>
4977	</html>"));
4978	end sin;
4979
4980	function asin "Inverse sine (-1 <= u <= 1)"
4981	extends Modelica.Math.Icons.AxisCenter;
4982	input Real u;
4983	output SI.Angle y;
4984
4985	external "builtin" y= asin(u);
4986	annotation (
4987	Icon(coordinateSystem(
4988	preserveAspectRatio=true,
4989	extent={{-100,-100},{100,100}}), graphics={
4990	Line(points={{-90,0},{68,0}}, color={192,192,192}),
4991	Polygon(
4992	points={{90,0},{68,8},{68,-8},{90,0}},
4993	lineColor={192,192,192},
4994	fillColor={192,192,192},
4995	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
4996	Line(points={{-80,-80},{-79.2,-72.8},{-77.6,-67.5},{-73.6,-59.4},{-66.3,
4997	-49.8},{-53.5,-37.3},{-30.2,-19.7},{37.4,24.8},{57.5,40.8},{68.7,
4998	52.7},{75.2,62.2},{77.6,67.5},{80,80}}, color={0,0,0}),
4999	Text(
5000	extent={{-88,78},{-16,30}},
5001	lineColor={192,192,192},
5002	textString="asin")}),
5003	Diagram(coordinateSystem(
5004	preserveAspectRatio=true,
5005	extent={{-100,-100},{100,100}}), graphics={Text(
5006	extent={{-40,-72},{-15,-88}},
5007	textString="-pi/2",
5008	lineColor={0,0,255}),Text(
5009	extent={{-38,88},{-13,72}},
5010	textString=" pi/2",
5011	lineColor={0,0,255}),Text(
5012	extent={{68,-9},{88,-29}},
5013	textString="+1",
5014	lineColor={0,0,255}),Text(
5015	extent={{-90,21},{-70,1}},
5016	textString="-1",
5017	lineColor={0,0,255}),Line(points={{-100,0},{84,0}}, color={95,95,95}),
5018	Polygon(
5019	points={{98,0},{82,6},{82,-6},{98,0}},
5020	lineColor={95,95,95},
5021	fillColor={95,95,95},
5022	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),Line(
5023	points={{-80,-80},{-79.2,-72.8},{-77.6,-67.5},{-73.6,-59.4},{-66.3,
5024	-49.8},{-53.5,-37.3},{-30.2,-19.7},{37.4,24.8},{57.5,40.8},{68.7,
5025	52.7},{75.2,62.2},{77.6,67.5},{80,80}},
5026	color={0,0,255},
5027	thickness=0.5),Text(
5028	extent={{82,24},{102,4}},
5029	lineColor={95,95,95},
5030	textString="u"),Line(
5031	points={{0,80},{86,80}},
5032	color={175,175,175},
5033	smooth=Smooth.None),Line(
5034	points={{80,86},{80,-10}},
5035	color={175,175,175},
5036	smooth=Smooth.None)}),
5037	Documentation(info="<html>
5038	<p>
5039	This function returns y = asin(u), with -1 ≤ u ≤ +1:
5040	</p>
5041
5042	<p>
5043	<img src=\"modelica://Modelica/Resources/Images/Math/asin.png\">
5044	</p>
5045	</html>"));
5046	end asin;
5047
5048	function exp "Exponential, base e"
5049	extends Modelica.Math.Icons.AxisCenter;
5050	input Real u;
5051	output Real y;
5052
5053	external "builtin" y= exp(u);
5054	annotation (
5055	Icon(coordinateSystem(
5056	preserveAspectRatio=true,
5057	extent={{-100,-100},{100,100}}), graphics={
5058	Line(points={{-90,-80.3976},{68,-80.3976}}, color={192,192,192}),
5059	Polygon(
5060	points={{90,-80.3976},{68,-72.3976},{68,-88.3976},{90,-80.3976}},
5061	lineColor={192,192,192},
5062	fillColor={192,192,192},
5063	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
5064	Line(points={{-80,-80},{-31,-77.9},{-6.03,-74},{10.9,-68.4},{23.7,-61},
5065	{34.2,-51.6},{43,-40.3},{50.3,-27.8},{56.7,-13.5},{62.3,2.23},{
5066	67.1,18.6},{72,38.2},{76,57.6},{80,80}}, color={0,0,0}),
5067	Text(
5068	extent={{-86,50},{-14,2}},
5069	lineColor={192,192,192},
5070	textString="exp")}),
5071	Diagram(coordinateSystem(
5072	preserveAspectRatio=true,
5073	extent={{-100,-100},{100,100}}), graphics={Line(points={{-100,-80.3976},{84,-80.3976}},
5074	color={95,95,95}),Polygon(
5075	points={{98,-80.3976},{82,-74.3976},{82,-86.3976},{98,-80.3976}},
5076	lineColor={95,95,95},
5077	fillColor={95,95,95},
5078	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),Line(
5079	points={{-80,-80},{-31,-77.9},{-6.03,-74},{10.9,-68.4},{23.7,-61},{
5080	34.2,-51.6},{43,-40.3},{50.3,-27.8},{56.7,-13.5},{62.3,2.23},{67.1,
5081	18.6},{72,38.2},{76,57.6},{80,80}},
5082	color={0,0,255},
5083	thickness=0.5),Text(
5084	extent={{-31,72},{-11,88}},
5085	textString="20",
5086	lineColor={0,0,255}),Text(
5087	extent={{-92,-81},{-72,-101}},
5088	textString="-3",
5089	lineColor={0,0,255}),Text(
5090	extent={{66,-81},{86,-101}},
5091	textString="3",
5092	lineColor={0,0,255}),Text(
5093	extent={{2,-69},{22,-89}},
5094	textString="1",
5095	lineColor={0,0,255}),Text(
5096	extent={{78,-54},{98,-74}},
5097	lineColor={95,95,95},
5098	textString="u"),Line(
5099	points={{0,80},{88,80}},
5100	color={175,175,175},
5101	smooth=Smooth.None),Line(
5102	points={{80,84},{80,-84}},
5103	color={175,175,175},
5104	smooth=Smooth.None)}),
5105	Documentation(info="<html>
5106	<p>
5107	This function returns y = exp(u), with -∞ < u < ∞:
5108	</p>
5109
5110	<p>
5111	<img src=\"modelica://Modelica/Resources/Images/Math/exp.png\">
5112	</p>
5113	</html>"));
5114	end exp;
5115
5116	function log "Natural (base e) logarithm (u shall be > 0)"
5117	extends Modelica.Math.Icons.AxisLeft;
5118	input Real u;
5119	output Real y;
5120
5121	external "builtin" y= log(u);
5122	annotation (
5123	Icon(coordinateSystem(
5124	preserveAspectRatio=true,
5125	extent={{-100,-100},{100,100}}), graphics={
5126	Line(points={{-90,0},{68,0}}, color={192,192,192}),
5127	Polygon(
5128	points={{90,0},{68,8},{68,-8},{90,0}},
5129	lineColor={192,192,192},
5130	fillColor={192,192,192},
5131	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
5132	Line(points={{-80,-80},{-79.2,-50.6},{-78.4,-37},{-77.6,-28},{-76.8,-21.3},
5133	{-75.2,-11.4},{-72.8,-1.31},{-69.5,8.08},{-64.7,17.9},{-57.5,28},
5134	{-47,38.1},{-31.8,48.1},{-10.1,58},{22.1,68},{68.7,78.1},{80,80}},
5135	color={0,0,0}),
5136	Text(
5137	extent={{-6,-24},{66,-72}},
5138	lineColor={192,192,192},
5139	textString="log")}),
5140	Diagram(coordinateSystem(
5141	preserveAspectRatio=true,
5142	extent={{-100,-100},{100,100}}), graphics={Line(points={{-100,0},{84,0}}, color={95,95,95}),
5143	Polygon(
5144	points={{100,0},{84,6},{84,-6},{100,0}},
5145	lineColor={95,95,95},
5146	fillColor={95,95,95},
5147	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),Line(
5148	points={{-78,-80},{-77.2,-50.6},{-76.4,-37},{-75.6,-28},{-74.8,-21.3},
5149	{-73.2,-11.4},{-70.8,-1.31},{-67.5,8.08},{-62.7,17.9},{-55.5,28},{-45,
5150	38.1},{-29.8,48.1},{-8.1,58},{24.1,68},{70.7,78.1},{82,80}},
5151	color={0,0,255},
5152	thickness=0.5),Text(
5153	extent={{-105,72},{-85,88}},
5154	textString="3",
5155	lineColor={0,0,255}),Text(
5156	extent={{60,-3},{80,-23}},
5157	textString="20",
5158	lineColor={0,0,255}),Text(
5159	extent={{-78,-7},{-58,-27}},
5160	textString="1",
5161	lineColor={0,0,255}),Text(
5162	extent={{84,26},{104,6}},
5163	lineColor={95,95,95},
5164	textString="u"),Text(
5165	extent={{-100,9},{-80,-11}},
5166	textString="0",
5167	lineColor={0,0,255}),Line(
5168	points={{-80,80},{84,80}},
5169	color={175,175,175},
5170	smooth=Smooth.None),Line(
5171	points={{82,82},{82,-6}},
5172	color={175,175,175},
5173	smooth=Smooth.None)}),
5174	Documentation(info="<html>
5175	<p>
5176	This function returns y = log(10) (the natural logarithm of u),
5177	with u > 0:
5178	</p>
5179
5180	<p>
5181	<img src=\"modelica://Modelica/Resources/Images/Math/log.png\">
5182	</p>
5183	</html>"));
5184	end log;
5185	annotation (Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-100,-100},
5186	{100,100}}), graphics={Line(points={{-80,0},{-68.7,34.2},{-61.5,53.1},
5187	{-55.1,66.4},{-49.4,74.6},{-43.8,79.1},{-38.2,79.8},{-32.6,76.6},{
5188	-26.9,69.7},{-21.3,59.4},{-14.9,44.1},{-6.83,21.2},{10.1,-30.8},{17.3,
5189	-50.2},{23.7,-64.2},{29.3,-73.1},{35,-78.4},{40.6,-80},{46.2,-77.6},
5190	{51.9,-71.5},{57.5,-61.9},{63.9,-47.2},{72,-24.8},{80,0}}, color={
5191	0,0,0}, smooth=Smooth.Bezier)}), Documentation(info="<HTML>
5192	<p>
5193	This package contains <b>basic mathematical functions</b> (such as sin(..)),
5194	as well as functions operating on
5195	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Math.Vectors\">vectors</a>,
5196	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Math.Matrices\">matrices</a>,
5197	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Math.Nonlinear\">nonlinear functions</a>, and
5198	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Math.BooleanVectors\">Boolean vectors</a>.
5199	</p>
5200
5201	<dl>
5202	<dt><b>Main Authors:</b>
5203	<dd><a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a> and
5204	Marcus Baur<br>
5205	Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR)<br>
5206	Institut für Robotik und Mechatronik<br>
5207	Postfach 1116<br>
5208	D-82230 Wessling<br>
5209	Germany<br>
5210	email: <A HREF=\"mailto:Martin.Otter@dlr.de\">Martin.Otter@dlr.de</A><br>
5211	</dl>
5212
5213	<p>
5214	Copyright © 1998-2013, Modelica Association and DLR.
5215	</p>
5216	<p>
5217	<i>This Modelica package is <u>free</u> software and the use is completely at <u>your own risk</u>; it can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms of the Modelica License 2. For license conditions (including the disclaimer of warranty) see <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.UsersGuide.ModelicaLicense2\">Modelica.UsersGuide.ModelicaLicense2</a> or visit <a href=\"https://www.modelica.org/licenses/ModelicaLicense2\"> https://www.modelica.org/licenses/ModelicaLicense2</a>.</i>
5218	</p>
5219	</html>", revisions="<html>
5220	<ul>
5221	<li><i>October 21, 2002</i>
5222	by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a>
5223	and <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Christian.Schweiger/\">Christian Schweiger</a>:<br>
5224	Function tempInterpol2 added.</li>
5225	<li><i>Oct. 24, 1999</i>
5226	by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a>:<br>
5227	Icons for icon and diagram level introduced.</li>
5228	<li><i>June 30, 1999</i>
5229	by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a>:<br>
5230	Realized.</li>
5231	</ul>
5232
5233	</html>"));
5234	end Math;
5235
5236	package Utilities
5237	"Library of utility functions dedicated to scripting (operating on files, streams, strings, system)"
5238	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
5239
5240	package Streams "Read from files and write to files"
5241	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
5242
5243	function error "Print error message and cancel all actions"
5244	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
5245	input String string "String to be printed to error message window";
5246	external "C" ModelicaError(string) annotation(Library="ModelicaExternalC");
5247	annotation (Documentation(info="<html>
5248	<h4>Syntax</h4>
5249	<blockquote><pre>
5250	Streams.<b>error</b>(string);
5251	</pre></blockquote>
5252	<h4>Description</h4>
5253	<p>
5254	Print the string \"string\" as error message and
5255	cancel all actions. Line breaks are characterized
5256	by \"\\n\" in the string.
5257	</p>
5258	<h4>Example</h4>
5259	<blockquote><pre>
5260	Streams.error(\"x (= \" + String(x) + \")\\nhas to be in the range 0 .. 1\");
5261	</pre></blockquote>
5262	<h4>See also</h4>
5263	<p>
5264	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Streams\">Streams</a>,
5265	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Streams.print\">Streams.print</a>,
5266	<a href=\"modelica://ModelicaReference.Operators.'String()'\">ModelicaReference.Operators.'String()'</a>
5267	</p>
5268	</html>"));
5269	end error;
5270	annotation (
5271	Documentation(info="<HTML>
5272	<h4>Library content</h4>
5273	<p>
5274	Package <b>Streams</b> contains functions to input and output strings
5275	to a message window or on files. Note that a string is interpreted
5276	and displayed as html text (e.g., with print(..) or error(..))
5277	if it is enclosed with the Modelica html quotation, e.g.,
5278	</p>
5279	<center>
5280	string = \"<html> first line <br> second line </html>\".
5281	</center>
5282	<p>
5283	It is a quality of implementation, whether (a) all tags of html are supported
5284	or only a subset, (b) how html tags are interpreted if the output device
5285	does not allow to display formatted text.
5286	</p>
5287	<p>
5288	In the table below an example call to every function is given:
5289	</p>
5290	<table border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2>
5291	<tr><th><b><i>Function/type</i></b></th><th><b><i>Description</i></b></th></tr>
5292	<tr><td valign=\"top\"><a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Streams.print\">print</a>(string)<br>
5293	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Streams.print\">print</a>(string,fileName)</td>
5294	<td valign=\"top\"> Print string \"string\" or vector of strings to message window or on
5295	file \"fileName\".</td>
5296	</tr>
5297	<tr><td valign=\"top\">stringVector =
5298	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Streams.readFile\">readFile</a>(fileName)</td>
5299	<td valign=\"top\"> Read complete text file and return it as a vector of strings.</td>
5300	</tr>
5301	<tr><td valign=\"top\">(string, endOfFile) =
5302	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Streams.readLine\">readLine</a>(fileName, lineNumber)</td>
5303	<td valign=\"top\">Returns from the file the content of line lineNumber.</td>
5304	</tr>
5305	<tr><td valign=\"top\">lines =
5306	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Streams.countLines\">countLines</a>(fileName)</td>
5307	<td valign=\"top\">Returns the number of lines in a file.</td>
5308	</tr>
5309	<tr><td valign=\"top\"><a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Streams.error\">error</a>(string)</td>
5310	<td valign=\"top\"> Print error message \"string\" to message window
5311	and cancel all actions</td>
5312	</tr>
5313	<tr><td valign=\"top\"><a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Streams.close\">close</a>(fileName)</td>
5314	<td valign=\"top\"> Close file if it is still open. Ignore call if
5315	file is already closed or does not exist. </td>
5316	</tr>
5317	</table>
5318	<p>
5319	Use functions <b>scanXXX</b> from package
5320	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings\">Strings</a>
5321	to parse a string.
5322	</p>
5323	<p>
5324	If Real, Integer or Boolean values shall be printed
5325	or used in an error message, they have to be first converted
5326	to strings with the builtin operator
5327	<a href=\"modelica://ModelicaReference.Operators.'String()'\">ModelicaReference.Operators.'String()'</a>(...).
5328	Example:
5329	</p>
5330	<pre>
5331	<b>if</b> x < 0 <b>or</b> x > 1 <b>then</b>
5332	Streams.error(\"x (= \" + String(x) + \") has to be in the range 0 .. 1\");
5333	<b>end if</b>;
5334	</pre>
5335	</html>"));
5336	end Streams;
5337
5338	package Strings "Operations on strings"
5339	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
5340
5341	function length "Returns length of string"
5342	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
5343	input String string;
5344	output Integer result "Number of characters of string";
5345	external "C" result = ModelicaStrings_length(string) annotation(Library="ModelicaExternalC");
5346	annotation (Documentation(info="<html>
5347	<h4>Syntax</h4>
5348	<blockquote><pre>
5349	Strings.<b>length</b>(string);
5350	</pre></blockquote>
5351	<h4>Description</h4>
5352	<p>
5353	Returns the number of characters of \"string\".
5354	</p>
5355	</html>"));
5356	end length;
5357
5358	function isEmpty
5359	"Return true if a string is empty (has only white space characters)"
5360	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
5361	input String string;
5362	output Boolean result "True, if string is empty";
5363	protected
5364	Integer nextIndex;
5365	Integer len;
5366	algorithm
5367	nextIndex := Strings.Advanced.skipWhiteSpace(string);
5368	len := Strings.length(string);
5369	if len < 1 or nextIndex > len then
5370	result := true;
5371	else
5372	result := false;
5373	end if;
5374
5375	annotation (Documentation(info="<html>
5376	<h4>Syntax</h4>
5377	<blockquote><pre>
5378	Strings.<b>isEmpty</b>(string);
5379	</pre></blockquote>
5380	<h4>Description</h4>
5381	<p>
5382	Returns true if the string has no characters or if the string consists
5383	only of white space characters. Otherwise, false is returned.
5384	</p>
5385
5386	<h4>Example</h4>
5387	<blockquote><pre>
5388	isEmpty(\"\"); // returns true
5389	isEmpty(\" \"); // returns true
5390	isEmpty(\" abc\"); // returns false
5391	isEmpty(\"a\"); // returns false
5392	</pre></blockquote>
5393	</html>"));
5394	end isEmpty;
5395
5396	package Advanced "Advanced scanning functions"
5397	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
5398
5399	function skipWhiteSpace "Scans white space"
5400	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
5401	input String string;
5402	input Integer startIndex(min=1)=1;
5403	output Integer nextIndex;
5404	external "C" nextIndex = ModelicaStrings_skipWhiteSpace(string, startIndex) annotation(Library="ModelicaExternalC");
5405	annotation (Documentation(info="<html>
5406	<h4>Syntax</h4>
5407	<blockquote><pre>
5408	nextIndex = <b>skipWhiteSpace</b>(string, startIndex);
5409	</pre></blockquote>
5410	<h4>Description</h4>
5411	<p>
5412	Starts scanning of \"string\" at position \"startIndex\" and
5413	skips white space. The function returns nextIndex = index of character
5414	of the first non white space character.
5415	</p>
5416	<h4>See also</h4>
5417	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings.Advanced\">Strings.Advanced</a>.
5418	</html>"));
5419	end skipWhiteSpace;
5420	annotation (Documentation(info="<html>
5421	<h4>Library content</h4>
5422	<p>
5423	Package <b>Strings.Advanced</b> contains basic scanning
5424	functions. These functions should be <b>not called</b> directly, because
5425	it is much simpler to utilize the higher level functions \"Strings.scanXXX\".
5426	The functions of the \"Strings.Advanced\" library provide
5427	the basic interface in order to implement the higher level
5428	functions in package \"Strings\".
5429	</p>
5430	<p>
5431	Library \"Advanced\" provides the following functions:
5432	</p>
5433	<pre>
5434	(nextIndex, realNumber) = <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings.Advanced.scanReal\">scanReal</a> (string, startIndex, unsigned=false);
5435	(nextIndex, integerNumber) = <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings.Advanced.scanInteger\">scanInteger</a> (string, startIndex, unsigned=false);
5436	(nextIndex, string2) = <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings.Advanced.scanString\">scanString</a> (string, startIndex);
5437	(nextIndex, identifier) = <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings.Advanced.scanIdentifier\">scanIdentifier</a> (string, startIndex);
5438	nextIndex = <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings.Advanced.skipWhiteSpace\">skipWhiteSpace</a> (string, startIndex);
5439	nextIndex = <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings.Advanced.skipLineComments\">skipLineComments</a>(string, startIndex);
5440	</pre>
5441	<p>
5442	All functions perform the following actions:
5443	</p>
5444	<ol>
5445	<li> Scanning starts at character position \"startIndex\" of
5446	\"string\" (startIndex has a default of 1).
5447	<li> First, white space is skipped, such as blanks (\" \"), tabs (\"\\t\"), or newline (\"\\n\")</li>
5448	<li> Afterwards, the required token is scanned.</li>
5449	<li> If successful, on return nextIndex = index of character
5450	directly after the found token and the token value is returned
5451	as second output argument.<br>
5452	If not successful, on return nextIndex = startIndex.
5453	</li>
5454	</ol>
5455	<p>
5456	The following additional rules apply for the scanning:
5457	</p>
5458	<ul>
5459	<li> Function <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings.Advanced.scanReal\">scanReal</a>:<br>
5460	Scans a full number including one optional leading \"+\" or \"-\" (if unsigned=false)
5461	according to the Modelica grammar. For example, \"+1.23e-5\", \"0.123\" are
5462	Real numbers, but \".1\" is not.
5463	Note, an Integer number, such as \"123\" is also treated as a Real number.<br> </li>
5464	<li> Function <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings.Advanced.scanInteger\">scanInteger</a>:<br>
5465	Scans an Integer number including one optional leading \"+\"
5466	or \"-\" (if unsigned=false) according to the Modelica (and C/C++) grammar.
5467	For example, \"+123\", \"20\" are Integer numbers.
5468	Note, a Real number, such as \"123.4\" is not an Integer and
5469	scanInteger returns nextIndex = startIndex.<br> </li>
5470	<li> Function <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings.Advanced.scanString\">scanString</a>:<br>
5471	Scans a String according to the Modelica (and C/C++) grammar, e.g.,
5472	\"This is a \"string\"\" is a valid string token.<br> </li>
5473	<li> Function <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings.Advanced.scanIdentifier\">scanIdentifier</a>:<br>
5474	Scans a Modelica identifier, i.e., the identifier starts either
5475	with a letter, followed by letters, digits or \"_\".
5476	For example, \"w_rel\", \"T12\".<br> </li>
5477	<li> Function <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings.Advanced.skipLineComments\">skipLineComments</a><br>
5478	Skips white space and Modelica (C/C++) line comments iteratively.
5479	A line comment starts with \"//\" and ends either with an
5480	end-of-line (\"\\n\") or the end of the \"string\". </li>
5481	</ul>
5482	</html>"));
5483	end Advanced;
5484	annotation (
5485	Documentation(info="<HTML>
5486	<h4>Library content</h4>
5487	<p>
5488	Package <b>Strings</b> contains functions to manipulate strings.
5489	</p>
5490	<p>
5491	In the table below an example
5492	call to every function is given using the <b>default</b> options.
5493	</p>
5494	<table border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2>
5495	<tr><th><b><i>Function</i></b></th><th><b><i>Description</i></b></th></tr>
5496	<tr><td valign=\"top\">len = <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings.length\">length</a>(string)</td>
5497	<td valign=\"top\">Returns length of string</td></tr>
5498	<tr><td valign=\"top\">string2 = <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings.substring\">substring</a>(string1,startIndex,endIndex)
5499	</td>
5500	<td valign=\"top\">Returns a substring defined by start and end index</td></tr>
5501	<tr><td valign=\"top\">result = <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings.repeat\">repeat</a>(n)<br>
5502	result = <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings.repeat\">repeat</a>(n,string)</td>
5503	<td valign=\"top\">Repeat a blank or a string n times.</td></tr>
5504	<tr><td valign=\"top\">result = <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings.compare\">compare</a>(string1, string2)</td>
5505	<td valign=\"top\">Compares two substrings with regards to alphabetical order</td></tr>
5506	<tr><td valign=\"top\">identical =
5507	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings.isEqual\">isEqual</a>(string1,string2)</td>
5508	<td valign=\"top\">Determine whether two strings are identical</td></tr>
5509	<tr><td valign=\"top\">result = <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings.count\">count</a>(string,searchString)</td>
5510	<td valign=\"top\">Count the number of occurrences of a string</td></tr>
5511	<tr>
5512	<td valign=\"top\">index = <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings.find\">find</a>(string,searchString)</td>
5513	<td valign=\"top\">Find first occurrence of a string in another string</td></tr>
5514	<tr>
5515	<td valign=\"top\">index = <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings.findLast\">findLast</a>(string,searchString)</td>
5516	<td valign=\"top\">Find last occurrence of a string in another string</td></tr>
5517	<tr><td valign=\"top\">string2 = <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings.replace\">replace</a>(string,searchString,replaceString)</td>
5518	<td valign=\"top\">Replace one or all occurrences of a string</td></tr>
5519	<tr><td valign=\"top\">stringVector2 = <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings.sort\">sort</a>(stringVector1)</td>
5520	<td valign=\"top\">Sort vector of strings in alphabetic order</td></tr>
5521	<tr><td valign=\"top\">(token, index) = <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings.scanToken\">scanToken</a>(string,startIndex)</td>
5522	<td valign=\"top\">Scan for a token (Real/Integer/Boolean/String/Identifier/Delimiter/NoToken)</td></tr>
5523	<tr><td valign=\"top\">(number, index) = <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings.scanReal\">scanReal</a>(string,startIndex)</td>
5524	<td valign=\"top\">Scan for a Real constant</td></tr>
5525	<tr><td valign=\"top\">(number, index) = <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings.scanInteger\">scanInteger</a>(string,startIndex)</td>
5526	<td valign=\"top\">Scan for an Integer constant</td></tr>
5527	<tr><td valign=\"top\">(boolean, index) = <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings.scanBoolean\">scanBoolean</a>(string,startIndex)</td>
5528	<td valign=\"top\">Scan for a Boolean constant</td></tr>
5529	<tr><td valign=\"top\">(string2, index) = <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings.scanString\">scanString</a>(string,startIndex)</td>
5530	<td valign=\"top\">Scan for a String constant</td></tr>
5531	<tr><td valign=\"top\">(identifier, index) = <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings.scanIdentifier\">scanIdentifier</a>(string,startIndex)</td>
5532	<td valign=\"top\">Scan for an identifier</td></tr>
5533	<tr><td valign=\"top\">(delimiter, index) = <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings.scanDelimiter\">scanDelimiter</a>(string,startIndex)</td>
5534	<td valign=\"top\">Scan for delimiters</td></tr>
5535	<tr><td valign=\"top\"><a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings.scanNoToken\">scanNoToken</a>(string,startIndex)</td>
5536	<td valign=\"top\">Check that remaining part of string consists solely of <br>
5537	white space or line comments (\"// ...\\n\").</td></tr>
5538	<tr><td valign=\"top\"><a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings.syntaxError\">syntaxError</a>(string,index,message)</td>
5539	<td valign=\"top\"> Print a \"syntax error message\" as well as a string and the <br>
5540	index at which scanning detected an error</td></tr>
5541	</table>
5542	<p>
5543	The functions \"compare\", \"isEqual\", \"count\", \"find\", \"findLast\", \"replace\", \"sort\"
5544	have the optional
5545	input argument <b>caseSensitive</b> with default <b>true</b>.
5546	If <b>false</b>, the operation is carried out without taking
5547	into account whether a character is upper or lower case.
5548	</p>
5549	</HTML>"));
5550	end Strings;
5551	annotation (
5552	Icon(coordinateSystem(extent={{-100.0,-100.0},{100.0,100.0}}), graphics={
5553	Polygon(
5554	origin={1.3835,-4.1418},
5555	rotation=45.0,
5556	fillColor={64,64,64},
5557	pattern=LinePattern.None,
5558	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,
5559	points={{-15.0,93.333},{-15.0,68.333},{0.0,58.333},{15.0,68.333},{15.0,93.333},{20.0,93.333},{25.0,83.333},{25.0,58.333},{10.0,43.333},{10.0,-41.667},{25.0,-56.667},{25.0,-76.667},{10.0,-91.667},{0.0,-91.667},{0.0,-81.667},{5.0,-81.667},{15.0,-71.667},{15.0,-61.667},{5.0,-51.667},{-5.0,-51.667},{-15.0,-61.667},{-15.0,-71.667},{-5.0,-81.667},{0.0,-81.667},{0.0,-91.667},{-10.0,-91.667},{-25.0,-76.667},{-25.0,-56.667},{-10.0,-41.667},{-10.0,43.333},{-25.0,58.333},{-25.0,83.333},{-20.0,93.333}}),
5560	Polygon(
5561	origin={10.1018,5.218},
5562	rotation=-45.0,
5563	fillColor={255,255,255},
5564	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,
5565	points={{-15.0,87.273},{15.0,87.273},{20.0,82.273},{20.0,27.273},{10.0,17.273},{10.0,7.273},{20.0,2.273},{20.0,-2.727},{5.0,-2.727},{5.0,-77.727},{10.0,-87.727},{5.0,-112.727},{-5.0,-112.727},{-10.0,-87.727},{-5.0,-77.727},{-5.0,-2.727},{-20.0,-2.727},{-20.0,2.273},{-10.0,7.273},{-10.0,17.273},{-20.0,27.273},{-20.0,82.273}})}),
5566	Documentation(info="<html>
5567	<p>
5568	This package contains Modelica <b>functions</b> that are
5569	especially suited for <b>scripting</b>. The functions might
5570	be used to work with strings, read data from file, write data
5571	to file or copy, move and remove files.
5572	</p>
5573	<p>
5574	For an introduction, have especially a look at:
5575	</p>
5576	<ul>
5577	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.UsersGuide\">Modelica.Utilities.User's Guide</a>
5578	discusses the most important aspects of this library.</li>
5579	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Examples\">Modelica.Utilities.Examples</a>
5580	contains examples that demonstrate the usage of this library.</li>
5581	</ul>
5582	<p>
5583	The following main sublibraries are available:
5584	</p>
5585	<ul>
5586	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Files\">Files</a>
5587	provides functions to operate on files and directories, e.g.,
5588	to copy, move, remove files.</li>
5589	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Streams\">Streams</a>
5590	provides functions to read from files and write to files.</li>
5591	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings\">Strings</a>
5592	provides functions to operate on strings. E.g.
5593	substring, find, replace, sort, scanToken.</li>
5594	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.System\">System</a>
5595	provides functions to interact with the environment.
5596	E.g., get or set the working directory or environment
5597	variables and to send a command to the default shell.</li>
5598	</ul>
5599
5600	<p>
5601	Copyright © 1998-2013, Modelica Association, DLR, and Dassault Systèmes AB.
5602	</p>
5603
5604	<p>
5605	<i>This Modelica package is <u>free</u> software and the use is completely at <u>your own risk</u>; it can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms of the Modelica License 2. For license conditions (including the disclaimer of warranty) see <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.UsersGuide.ModelicaLicense2\">Modelica.UsersGuide.ModelicaLicense2</a> or visit <a href=\"https://www.modelica.org/licenses/ModelicaLicense2\"> https://www.modelica.org/licenses/ModelicaLicense2</a>.</i>
5606	</p>
5607
5608	</html>"));
5609	end Utilities;
5610
5611	package Constants
5612	"Library of mathematical constants and constants of nature (e.g., pi, eps, R, sigma)"
5613	import SI = Modelica.SIunits;
5614	import NonSI = Modelica.SIunits.Conversions.NonSIunits;
5615	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
5616
5617	final constant Real pi=2*Modelica.Math.asin(1.0);
5618
5619	final constant Real eps=ModelicaServices.Machine.eps
5620	"Biggest number such that 1.0 + eps = 1.0";
5621
5622	final constant Real inf=ModelicaServices.Machine.inf
5623	"Biggest Real number such that inf and -inf are representable on the machine";
5624
5625	final constant Real R(final unit="J/(mol.K)") = 8.314472
5626	"Molar gas constant";
5627
5628	final constant NonSI.Temperature_degC T_zero=-273.15
5629	"Absolute zero temperature";
5630	annotation (
5631	Documentation(info="<html>
5632	<p>
5633	This package provides often needed constants from mathematics, machine
5634	dependent constants and constants from nature. The latter constants
5635	(name, value, description) are from the following source:
5636	</p>
5637
5638	<dl>
5639	<dt>Peter J. Mohr and Barry N. Taylor (1999):</dt>
5640	<dd><b>CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants: 1998</b>.
5641	Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, Vol. 28, No. 6, 1999 and
5642	Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 72, No. 2, 2000. See also <a href=
5643	\"http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants/\">http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants/</a></dd>
5644	</dl>
5645
5646	<p>CODATA is the Committee on Data for Science and Technology.</p>
5647
5648	<dl>
5649	<dt><b>Main Author:</b></dt>
5650	<dd><a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a><br>
5651	Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)<br>
5652	Oberpfaffenhofen<br>
5653	Postfach 11 16<br>
5654	D-82230 Weßling<br>
5655	email: <a href=\"mailto:Martin.Otter@dlr.de\">Martin.Otter@dlr.de</a></dd>
5656	</dl>
5657
5658	<p>
5659	Copyright © 1998-2013, Modelica Association and DLR.
5660	</p>
5661	<p>
5662	<i>This Modelica package is <u>free</u> software and the use is completely at <u>your own risk</u>; it can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms of the Modelica License 2. For license conditions (including the disclaimer of warranty) see <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.UsersGuide.ModelicaLicense2\">Modelica.UsersGuide.ModelicaLicense2</a> or visit <a href=\"https://www.modelica.org/licenses/ModelicaLicense2\"> https://www.modelica.org/licenses/ModelicaLicense2</a>.</i>
5663	</p>
5664	</html>", revisions="<html>
5665	<ul>
5666	<li><i>Nov 8, 2004</i>
5667	by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Christian.Schweiger/\">Christian Schweiger</a>:<br>
5668	Constants updated according to 2002 CODATA values.</li>
5669	<li><i>Dec 9, 1999</i>
5670	by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a>:<br>
5671	Constants updated according to 1998 CODATA values. Using names, values
5672	and description text from this source. Included magnetic and
5673	electric constant.</li>
5674	<li><i>Sep 18, 1999</i>
5675	by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a>:<br>
5676	Constants eps, inf, small introduced.</li>
5677	<li><i>Nov 15, 1997</i>
5678	by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a>:<br>
5679	Realized.</li>
5680	</ul>
5681	</html>"),
5682	Icon(coordinateSystem(extent={{-100.0,-100.0},{100.0,100.0}}), graphics={
5683	Polygon(
5684	origin={-9.2597,25.6673},
5685	fillColor={102,102,102},
5686	pattern=LinePattern.None,
5687	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,
5688	points={{48.017,11.336},{48.017,11.336},{10.766,11.336},{-25.684,10.95},{-34.944,-15.111},{-34.944,-15.111},{-32.298,-15.244},{-32.298,-15.244},{-22.112,0.168},{11.292,0.234},{48.267,-0.097},{48.267,-0.097}},
5689	smooth=Smooth.Bezier),
5690	Polygon(
5691	origin={-19.9923,-8.3993},
5692	fillColor={102,102,102},
5693	pattern=LinePattern.None,
5694	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,
5695	points={{3.239,37.343},{3.305,37.343},{-0.399,2.683},{-16.936,-20.071},{-7.808,-28.604},{6.811,-22.519},{9.986,37.145},{9.986,37.145}},
5696	smooth=Smooth.Bezier),
5697	Polygon(
5698	origin={23.753,-11.5422},
5699	fillColor={102,102,102},
5700	pattern=LinePattern.None,
5701	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,
5702	points={{-10.873,41.478},{-10.873,41.478},{-14.048,-4.162},{-9.352,-24.8},{7.912,-24.469},{16.247,0.27},{16.247,0.27},{13.336,0.071},{13.336,0.071},{7.515,-9.983},{-3.134,-7.271},{-2.671,41.214},{-2.671,41.214}},
5703	smooth=Smooth.Bezier)}));
5704	end Constants;
5705
5706	package Icons "Library of icons"
5707	extends Icons.Package;
5708
5709	partial package ExamplesPackage
5710	"Icon for packages containing runnable examples"
5711	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
5712	annotation (Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=false, extent={{-100,
5713	-100},{100,100}}), graphics={
5714	Polygon(
5715	origin={8.0,14.0},
5716	lineColor={78,138,73},
5717	fillColor={78,138,73},
5718	pattern=LinePattern.None,
5719	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,
5720	points={{-58.0,46.0},{42.0,-14.0},{-58.0,-74.0},{-58.0,46.0}})}), Documentation(info="<html>
5721	<p>This icon indicates a package that contains executable examples.</p>
5722	</html>"));
5723	end ExamplesPackage;
5724
5725	partial package Package "Icon for standard packages"
5726
5727	annotation (Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=false, extent={{-100,-100},{100,100}}), graphics={
5728	Rectangle(
5729	lineColor={200,200,200},
5730	fillColor={248,248,248},
5731	fillPattern=FillPattern.HorizontalCylinder,
5732	extent={{-100.0,-100.0},{100.0,100.0}},
5733	radius=25.0),
5734	Rectangle(
5735	lineColor={128,128,128},
5736	fillPattern=FillPattern.None,
5737	extent={{-100.0,-100.0},{100.0,100.0}},
5738	radius=25.0)}), Documentation(info="<html>
5739	<p>Standard package icon.</p>
5740	</html>"));
5741	end Package;
5742
5743	partial package VariantsPackage "Icon for package containing variants"
5744	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
5745	annotation (Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-100,-100},
5746	{100,100}}), graphics={
5747	Ellipse(
5748	origin={10.0,10.0},
5749	fillColor={76,76,76},
5750	pattern=LinePattern.None,
5751	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,
5752	extent={{-80.0,-80.0},{-20.0,-20.0}}),
5753	Ellipse(
5754	origin={10.0,10.0},
5755	pattern=LinePattern.None,
5756	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,
5757	extent={{0.0,-80.0},{60.0,-20.0}}),
5758	Ellipse(
5759	origin={10.0,10.0},
5760	fillColor={128,128,128},
5761	pattern=LinePattern.None,
5762	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,
5763	extent={{0.0,0.0},{60.0,60.0}}),
5764	Ellipse(
5765	origin={10.0,10.0},
5766	lineColor={128,128,128},
5767	fillColor={255,255,255},
5768	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,
5769	extent={{-80.0,0.0},{-20.0,60.0}})}),
5770	Documentation(info="<html>
5771	<p>This icon shall be used for a package/library that contains several variants of one components.</p>
5772	</html>"));
5773	end VariantsPackage;
5774
5775	partial package InterfacesPackage "Icon for packages containing interfaces"
5776	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
5777	annotation (Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=false, extent={{-100,
5778	-100},{100,100}}), graphics={
5779	Polygon(origin={20.0,0.0},
5780	lineColor={64,64,64},
5781	fillColor={255,255,255},
5782	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,
5783	points={{-10.0,70.0},{10.0,70.0},{40.0,20.0},{80.0,20.0},{80.0,-20.0},{40.0,-20.0},{10.0,-70.0},{-10.0,-70.0}}),
5784	Polygon(fillColor={102,102,102},
5785	pattern=LinePattern.None,
5786	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,
5787	points={{-100.0,20.0},{-60.0,20.0},{-30.0,70.0},{-10.0,70.0},{-10.0,-70.0},{-30.0,-70.0},{-60.0,-20.0},{-100.0,-20.0}})}),
5788	Documentation(info="<html>
5789	<p>This icon indicates packages containing interfaces.</p>
5790	</html>"));
5791	end InterfacesPackage;
5792
5793	partial package SourcesPackage "Icon for packages containing sources"
5794	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
5795	annotation (Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=false, extent={{-100,
5796	-100},{100,100}}), graphics={
5797	Polygon(origin={23.3333,0.0},
5798	fillColor={128,128,128},
5799	pattern=LinePattern.None,
5800	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,
5801	points={{-23.333,30.0},{46.667,0.0},{-23.333,-30.0}}),
5802	Rectangle(
5803	fillColor= {128,128,128},
5804	pattern= LinePattern.None,
5805	fillPattern= FillPattern.Solid,
5806	extent= {{-70,-4.5},{0,4.5}})}),
5807	Documentation(info="<html>
5808	<p>This icon indicates a package which contains sources.</p>
5809	</html>"));
5810	end SourcesPackage;
5811
5812	partial package SensorsPackage "Icon for packages containing sensors"
5813	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
5814	annotation (Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=false, extent={{-100,
5815	-100},{100,100}}), graphics={
5816	Ellipse(origin={0.0,-30.0},
5817	fillColor={255,255,255},
5818	extent={{-90.0,-90.0},{90.0,90.0}},
5819	startAngle=20.0,
5820	endAngle=160.0),
5821	Ellipse(origin={0.0,-30.0},
5822	fillColor={128,128,128},
5823	pattern=LinePattern.None,
5824	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,
5825	extent={{-20.0,-20.0},{20.0,20.0}}),
5826	Line(origin={0.0,-30.0},
5827	points={{0.0,60.0},{0.0,90.0}}),
5828	Ellipse(origin={-0.0,-30.0},
5829	fillColor={64,64,64},
5830	pattern=LinePattern.None,
5831	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,
5832	extent={{-10.0,-10.0},{10.0,10.0}}),
5833	Polygon(
5834	origin={-0.0,-30.0},
5835	rotation=-35.0,
5836	fillColor={64,64,64},
5837	pattern=LinePattern.None,
5838	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,
5839	points={{-7.0,0.0},{-3.0,85.0},{0.0,90.0},{3.0,85.0},{7.0,0.0}})}),
5840	Documentation(info="<html>
5841	<p>This icon indicates a package containing sensors.</p>
5842	</html>"));
5843	end SensorsPackage;
5844
5845	partial package TypesPackage
5846	"Icon for packages containing type definitions"
5847	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
5848	annotation (Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=false, extent={{-100,
5849	-100},{100,100}}), graphics={Polygon(
5850	origin={-12.167,-23},
5851	fillColor={128,128,128},
5852	pattern=LinePattern.None,
5853	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,
5854	points={{12.167,65},{14.167,93},{36.167,89},{24.167,20},{4.167,-30},
5855	{14.167,-30},{24.167,-30},{24.167,-40},{-5.833,-50},{-15.833,
5856	-30},{4.167,20},{12.167,65}},
5857	smooth=Smooth.Bezier,
5858	lineColor={0,0,0}), Polygon(
5859	origin={2.7403,1.6673},
5860	fillColor={128,128,128},
5861	pattern=LinePattern.None,
5862	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,
5863	points={{49.2597,22.3327},{31.2597,24.3327},{7.2597,18.3327},{-26.7403,
5864	10.3327},{-46.7403,14.3327},{-48.7403,6.3327},{-32.7403,0.3327},{-6.7403,
5865	4.3327},{33.2597,14.3327},{49.2597,14.3327},{49.2597,22.3327}},
5866	smooth=Smooth.Bezier)}));
5867	end TypesPackage;
5868
5869	partial package IconsPackage "Icon for packages containing icons"
5870	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
5871	annotation (Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=false, extent={{-100,
5872	-100},{100,100}}), graphics={Polygon(
5873	origin={-8.167,-17},
5874	fillColor={128,128,128},
5875	pattern=LinePattern.None,
5876	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,
5877	points={{-15.833,20.0},{-15.833,30.0},{14.167,40.0},{24.167,20.0},{
5878	4.167,-30.0},{14.167,-30.0},{24.167,-30.0},{24.167,-40.0},{-5.833,
5879	-50.0},{-15.833,-30.0},{4.167,20.0},{-5.833,20.0}},
5880	smooth=Smooth.Bezier,
5881	lineColor={0,0,0}), Ellipse(
5882	origin={-0.5,56.5},
5883	fillColor={128,128,128},
5884	pattern=LinePattern.None,
5885	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,
5886	extent={{-12.5,-12.5},{12.5,12.5}},
5887	lineColor={0,0,0})}));
5888	end IconsPackage;
5889
5890	partial package MaterialPropertiesPackage
5891	"Icon for package containing property classes"
5892	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
5893	annotation (Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=false, extent={{-100,
5894	-100},{100,100}}), graphics={
5895	Ellipse(
5896	lineColor={102,102,102},
5897	fillColor={204,204,204},
5898	pattern=LinePattern.None,
5899	fillPattern=FillPattern.Sphere,
5900	extent={{-60.0,-60.0},{60.0,60.0}})}),
5901	Documentation(info="<html>
5902	<p>This icon indicates a package that contains properties</p>
5903	</html>"));
5904	end MaterialPropertiesPackage;
5905
5906	partial class RotationalSensor
5907	"Icon representing a round measurement device"
5908
5909	annotation (
5910	Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=false, extent={{-100,-100},{100,100}}), graphics={
5911	Ellipse(
5912	fillColor={245,245,245},
5913	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,
5914	extent={{-70.0,-70.0},{70.0,70.0}}),
5915	Line(points={{0.0,70.0},{0.0,40.0}}),
5916	Line(points={{22.9,32.8},{40.2,57.3}}),
5917	Line(points={{-22.9,32.8},{-40.2,57.3}}),
5918	Line(points={{37.6,13.7},{65.8,23.9}}),
5919	Line(points={{-37.6,13.7},{-65.8,23.9}}),
5920	Ellipse(
5921	lineColor={64,64,64},
5922	fillColor={255,255,255},
5923	extent={{-12.0,-12.0},{12.0,12.0}}),
5924	Polygon(
5925	origin={0,0},
5926	rotation=-17.5,
5927	fillColor={64,64,64},
5928	pattern=LinePattern.None,
5929	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,
5930	points={{-5.0,0.0},{-2.0,60.0},{0.0,65.0},{2.0,60.0},{5.0,0.0}}),
5931	Ellipse(
5932	fillColor={64,64,64},
5933	pattern=LinePattern.None,
5934	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,
5935	extent={{-7.0,-7.0},{7.0,7.0}})}),
5936	Documentation(info="<html>
5937	<p>
5938	This icon is designed for a <b>rotational sensor</b> model.
5939	</p>
5940	</html>"));
5941	end RotationalSensor;
5942
5943	partial function Function "Icon for functions"
5944
5945	annotation (Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=false, extent={{-100,-100},{100,100}}), graphics={
5946	Text(
5947	lineColor={0,0,255},
5948	extent={{-150,105},{150,145}},
5949	textString="%name"),
5950	Ellipse(
5951	lineColor= {108,88,49},
5952	fillColor= {255,215,136},
5953	fillPattern= FillPattern.Solid,
5954	extent= {{-100,-100},{100,100}}),
5955	Text(
5956	lineColor={108,88,49},
5957	extent={{-90.0,-90.0},{90.0,90.0}},
5958	textString="f")}),
5959	Documentation(info="<html>
5960	<p>This icon indicates Modelica functions.</p>
5961	</html>"));
5962	end Function;
5963
5964	partial record Record "Icon for records"
5965
5966	annotation (Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-100,-100},{100,100}}), graphics={
5967	Text(
5968	lineColor={0,0,255},
5969	extent={{-150,60},{150,100}},
5970	textString="%name"),
5971	Rectangle(
5972	origin={0.0,-25.0},
5973	lineColor={64,64,64},
5974	fillColor={255,215,136},
5975	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,
5976	extent={{-100.0,-75.0},{100.0,75.0}},
5977	radius=25.0),
5978	Line(
5979	points={{-100.0,0.0},{100.0,0.0}},
5980	color={64,64,64}),
5981	Line(
5982	origin={0.0,-50.0},
5983	points={{-100.0,0.0},{100.0,0.0}},
5984	color={64,64,64}),
5985	Line(
5986	origin={0.0,-25.0},
5987	points={{0.0,75.0},{0.0,-75.0}},
5988	color={64,64,64})}), Documentation(info="<html>
5989	<p>
5990	This icon is indicates a record.
5991	</p>
5992	</html>"));
5993	end Record;
5994	annotation (Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=false, extent={{-100,
5995	-100},{100,100}}), graphics={Polygon(
5996	origin={-8.167,-17},
5997	fillColor={128,128,128},
5998	pattern=LinePattern.None,
5999	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,
6000	points={{-15.833,20.0},{-15.833,30.0},{14.167,40.0},{24.167,20.0},{
6001	4.167,-30.0},{14.167,-30.0},{24.167,-30.0},{24.167,-40.0},{-5.833,
6002	-50.0},{-15.833,-30.0},{4.167,20.0},{-5.833,20.0}},
6003	smooth=Smooth.Bezier,
6004	lineColor={0,0,0}), Ellipse(
6005	origin={-0.5,56.5},
6006	fillColor={128,128,128},
6007	pattern=LinePattern.None,
6008	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,
6009	extent={{-12.5,-12.5},{12.5,12.5}},
6010	lineColor={0,0,0})}), Documentation(info="<html>
6011	<p>This package contains definitions for the graphical layout of components which may be used in different libraries. The icons can be utilized by inheriting them in the desired class using "extends" or by directly copying the "icon" layer. </p>
6012
6013	<h4>Main Authors:</h4>
6014
6015	<dl>
6016	<dt><a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a></dt>
6017	<dd>Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR)</dd>
6018	<dd>Oberpfaffenhofen</dd>
6019	<dd>Postfach 1116</dd>
6020	<dd>D-82230 Wessling</dd>
6021	<dd>email: <a href=\"mailto:Martin.Otter@dlr.de\">Martin.Otter@dlr.de</a></dd>
6022	<dt>Christian Kral</dt>
6023	<dd><a href=\"http://www.ait.ac.at/\">Austrian Institute of Technology, AIT</a></dd>
6024	<dd>Mobility Department</dd><dd>Giefinggasse 2</dd>
6025	<dd>1210 Vienna, Austria</dd>
6026	<dd>email: <a href=\"mailto:dr.christian.kral@gmail.com\">dr.christian.kral@gmail.com</a></dd>
6027	<dt>Johan Andreasson</dt>
6028	<dd><a href=\"http://www.modelon.se/\">Modelon AB</a></dd>
6029	<dd>Ideon Science Park</dd>
6030	<dd>22370 Lund, Sweden</dd>
6031	<dd>email: <a href=\"mailto:johan.andreasson@modelon.se\">johan.andreasson@modelon.se</a></dd>
6032	</dl>
6033
6034	<p>Copyright © 1998-2013, Modelica Association, DLR, AIT, and Modelon AB. </p>
6035	<p><i>This Modelica package is <b>free</b> software; it can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms of the <b>Modelica license</b>, see the license conditions and the accompanying <b>disclaimer</b> in <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.UsersGuide.ModelicaLicense2\">Modelica.UsersGuide.ModelicaLicense2</a>.</i> </p>
6036	</html>"));
6037	end Icons;
6038
6039	package SIunits
6040	"Library of type and unit definitions based on SI units according to ISO 31-1992"
6041	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
6042
6043	package Icons "Icons for SIunits"
6044	extends Modelica.Icons.IconsPackage;
6045
6046	partial function Conversion "Base icon for conversion functions"
6047
6048	annotation (Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-100,
6049	-100},{100,100}}), graphics={
6050	Rectangle(
6051	extent={{-100,100},{100,-100}},
6052	lineColor={191,0,0},
6053	fillColor={255,255,255},
6054	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
6055	Line(points={{-90,0},{30,0}}, color={191,0,0}),
6056	Polygon(
6057	points={{90,0},{30,20},{30,-20},{90,0}},
6058	lineColor={191,0,0},
6059	fillColor={191,0,0},
6060	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
6061	Text(
6062	extent={{-115,155},{115,105}},
6063	textString="%name",
6064	lineColor={0,0,255})}));
6065	end Conversion;
6066	end Icons;
6067
6068	package Conversions
6069	"Conversion functions to/from non SI units and type definitions of non SI units"
6070	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
6071
6072	package NonSIunits "Type definitions of non SI units"
6073	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
6074
6075	type Temperature_degC = Real (final quantity="ThermodynamicTemperature",
6076	final unit="degC")
6077	"Absolute temperature in degree Celsius (for relative temperature use SIunits.TemperatureDifference)"
6078	annotation(absoluteValue=true);
6079
6080	type AngularVelocity_rpm = Real (final quantity="AngularVelocity", final unit=
6081	"1/min")
6082	"Angular velocity in revolutions per minute. Alias unit names that are outside of the SI system: rpm, r/min, rev/min";
6083
6084	type Pressure_bar = Real (final quantity="Pressure", final unit="bar")
6085	"Absolute pressure in bar";
6086	annotation (Documentation(info="<HTML>
6087	<p>
6088	This package provides predefined types, such as <b>Angle_deg</b> (angle in
6089	degree), <b>AngularVelocity_rpm</b> (angular velocity in revolutions per
6090	minute) or <b>Temperature_degF</b> (temperature in degree Fahrenheit),
6091	which are in common use but are not part of the international standard on
6092	units according to ISO 31-1992 \"General principles concerning quantities,
6093	units and symbols\" and ISO 1000-1992 \"SI units and recommendations for
6094	the use of their multiples and of certain other units\".</p>
6095	<p>If possible, the types in this package should not be used. Use instead
6096	types of package Modelica.SIunits. For more information on units, see also
6097	the book of Francois Cardarelli <b>Scientific Unit Conversion - A
6098	Practical Guide to Metrication</b> (Springer 1997).</p>
6099	<p>Some units, such as <b>Temperature_degC/Temp_C</b> are both defined in
6100	Modelica.SIunits and in Modelica.Conversions.NonSIunits. The reason is that these
6101	definitions have been placed erroneously in Modelica.SIunits although they
6102	are not SIunits. For backward compatibility, these type definitions are
6103	still kept in Modelica.SIunits.</p>
6104	</html>"), Icon(coordinateSystem(extent={{-100,-100},{100,100}}), graphics={
6105	Text(
6106	origin={15.0,51.8518},
6107	extent={{-105.0,-86.8518},{75.0,-16.8518}},
6108	lineColor={0,0,0},
6109	textString="[km/h]")}));
6110	end NonSIunits;
6111
6112	function to_degC "Convert from Kelvin to degCelsius"
6113	extends Modelica.SIunits.Icons.Conversion;
6114	input Temperature Kelvin "Kelvin value";
6115	output NonSIunits.Temperature_degC Celsius "Celsius value";
6116	algorithm
6117	Celsius := Kelvin + Modelica.Constants.T_zero;
6118	annotation (Inline=true,Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-100,
6119	-100},{100,100}}), graphics={Text(
6120	extent={{-20,100},{-100,20}},
6121	lineColor={0,0,0},
6122	textString="K"), Text(
6123	extent={{100,-20},{20,-100}},
6124	lineColor={0,0,0},
6125	textString="degC")}));
6126	end to_degC;
6127
6128	function from_degC "Convert from degCelsius to Kelvin"
6129	extends Modelica.SIunits.Icons.Conversion;
6130	input NonSIunits.Temperature_degC Celsius "Celsius value";
6131	output Temperature Kelvin "Kelvin value";
6132	algorithm
6133	Kelvin := Celsius - Modelica.Constants.T_zero;
6134	annotation (Inline=true,Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-100,
6135	-100},{100,100}}), graphics={Text(
6136	extent={{-20,100},{-100,20}},
6137	lineColor={0,0,0},
6138	textString="degC"), Text(
6139	extent={{100,-20},{20,-100}},
6140	lineColor={0,0,0},
6141	textString="K")}));
6142	end from_degC;
6143
6144	function to_rpm
6145	"Convert from radian per second to revolutions per minute"
6146	extends Modelica.SIunits.Icons.Conversion;
6147	input AngularVelocity rs "radian per second value";
6148	output NonSIunits.AngularVelocity_rpm rpm
6149	"revolutions per minute value";
6150	algorithm
6151	rpm := (30/Modelica.Constants.pi)*rs;
6152	annotation (Inline=true,Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-100,
6153	-100},{100,100}}), graphics={Text(
6154	extent={{30,100},{-100,50}},
6155	lineColor={0,0,0},
6156	textString="rad/s"), Text(
6157	extent={{100,-52},{-40,-98}},
6158	lineColor={0,0,0},
6159	textString="1/min")}));
6160	end to_rpm;
6161
6162	function to_bar "Convert from Pascal to bar"
6163	extends Modelica.SIunits.Icons.Conversion;
6164	input Pressure Pa "Pascal value";
6165	output NonSIunits.Pressure_bar bar "bar value";
6166	algorithm
6167	bar := Pa/1e5;
6168	annotation (Inline=true,Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-100,
6169	-100},{100,100}}), graphics={Text(
6170	extent={{-12,100},{-100,56}},
6171	lineColor={0,0,0},
6172	textString="Pa"), Text(
6173	extent={{98,-52},{-4,-100}},
6174	lineColor={0,0,0},
6175	textString="bar")}));
6176	end to_bar;
6177	annotation ( Documentation(info="<HTML>
6178	<p>This package provides conversion functions from the non SI Units
6179	defined in package Modelica.SIunits.Conversions.NonSIunits to the
6180	corresponding SI Units defined in package Modelica.SIunits and vice
6181	versa. It is recommended to use these functions in the following
6182	way (note, that all functions have one Real input and one Real output
6183	argument):</p>
6184	<pre>
6185	<b>import</b> SI = Modelica.SIunits;
6186	<b>import</b> Modelica.SIunits.Conversions.*;
6187	...
6188	<b>parameter</b> SI.Temperature T = from_degC(25); // convert 25 degree Celsius to Kelvin
6189	<b>parameter</b> SI.Angle phi = from_deg(180); // convert 180 degree to radian
6190	<b>parameter</b> SI.AngularVelocity w = from_rpm(3600); // convert 3600 revolutions per minutes
6191	// to radian per seconds
6192	</pre>
6193
6194	</html>"));
6195	end Conversions;
6196
6197	type Angle = Real (
6198	final quantity="Angle",
6199	final unit="rad",
6200	displayUnit="deg");
6201
6202	type Area = Real (final quantity="Area", final unit="m2");
6203
6204	type Volume = Real (final quantity="Volume", final unit="m3");
6205
6206	type Time = Real (final quantity="Time", final unit="s");
6207
6208	type AngularVelocity = Real (
6209	final quantity="AngularVelocity",
6210	final unit="rad/s");
6211
6212	type Velocity = Real (final quantity="Velocity", final unit="m/s");
6213
6214	type Frequency = Real (final quantity="Frequency", final unit="Hz");
6215
6216	type Mass = Real (
6217	quantity="Mass",
6218	final unit="kg",
6219	min=0);
6220
6221	type Density = Real (
6222	final quantity="Density",
6223	final unit="kg/m3",
6224	displayUnit="g/cm3",
6225	min=0.0);
6226
6227	type MomentOfInertia = Real (final quantity="MomentOfInertia", final unit=
6228	"kg.m2");
6229
6230	type Torque = Real (final quantity="Torque", final unit="N.m");
6231
6232	type Pressure = Real (
6233	final quantity="Pressure",
6234	final unit="Pa",
6235	displayUnit="bar");
6236
6237	type AbsolutePressure = Pressure (min=0.0, nominal = 1e5);
6238
6239	type DynamicViscosity = Real (
6240	final quantity="DynamicViscosity",
6241	final unit="Pa.s",
6242	min=0);
6243
6244	type Power = Real (final quantity="Power", final unit="W");
6245
6246	type MassFlowRate = Real (quantity="MassFlowRate", final unit="kg/s");
6247
6248	type ThermodynamicTemperature = Real (
6249	final quantity="ThermodynamicTemperature",
6250	final unit="K",
6251	min = 0.0,
6252	start = 288.15,
6253	nominal = 300,
6254	displayUnit="degC")
6255	"Absolute temperature (use type TemperatureDifference for relative temperatures)"
6256	annotation(absoluteValue=true);
6257
6258	type Temp_K = ThermodynamicTemperature;
6259
6260	type Temperature = ThermodynamicTemperature;
6261
6262	type Compressibility = Real (final quantity="Compressibility", final unit=
6263	"1/Pa");
6264
6265	type IsothermalCompressibility = Compressibility;
6266
6267	type Heat = Real (final quantity="Energy", final unit="J");
6268
6269	type ThermalConductivity = Real (final quantity="ThermalConductivity", final unit=
6270	"W/(m.K)");
6271
6272	type CoefficientOfHeatTransfer = Real (final quantity=
6273	"CoefficientOfHeatTransfer", final unit="W/(m2.K)");
6274
6275	type HeatCapacity = Real (final quantity="HeatCapacity", final unit="J/K");
6276
6277	type SpecificHeatCapacity = Real (final quantity="SpecificHeatCapacity",
6278	final unit="J/(kg.K)");
6279
6280	type RatioOfSpecificHeatCapacities = Real (final quantity=
6281	"RatioOfSpecificHeatCapacities", final unit="1");
6282
6283	type SpecificEntropy = Real (final quantity="SpecificEntropy",
6284	final unit="J/(kg.K)");
6285
6286	type InternalEnergy = Heat;
6287
6288	type SpecificEnergy = Real (final quantity="SpecificEnergy",
6289	final unit="J/kg");
6290
6291	type SpecificEnthalpy = SpecificEnergy;
6292
6293	type DerDensityByEnthalpy = Real (final unit="kg.s2/m5");
6294
6295	type DerDensityByPressure = Real (final unit="s2/m2");
6296
6297	type DerDensityByTemperature = Real (final unit="kg/(m3.K)");
6298
6299	type MolarMass = Real (final quantity="MolarMass", final unit="kg/mol",min=0);
6300
6301	type MolarVolume = Real (final quantity="MolarVolume", final unit="m3/mol", min=0);
6302
6303	type MassFraction = Real (final quantity="MassFraction", final unit="1",
6304	min=0, max=1);
6305
6306	type MoleFraction = Real (final quantity="MoleFraction", final unit="1",
6307	min = 0, max = 1);
6308
6309	type PrandtlNumber = Real (final quantity="PrandtlNumber", final unit="1");
6310	annotation (Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=false, extent={{-100,
6311	-100},{100,100}}), graphics={
6312	Line(
6313	points={{-66,78},{-66,-40}},
6314	color={64,64,64},
6315	smooth=Smooth.None),
6316	Ellipse(
6317	extent={{12,36},{68,-38}},
6318	lineColor={64,64,64},
6319	fillColor={175,175,175},
6320	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
6321	Rectangle(
6322	extent={{-74,78},{-66,-40}},
6323	lineColor={64,64,64},
6324	fillColor={175,175,175},
6325	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
6326	Polygon(
6327	points={{-66,-4},{-66,6},{-16,56},{-16,46},{-66,-4}},
6328	lineColor={64,64,64},
6329	smooth=Smooth.None,
6330	fillColor={175,175,175},
6331	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
6332	Polygon(
6333	points={{-46,16},{-40,22},{-2,-40},{-10,-40},{-46,16}},
6334	lineColor={64,64,64},
6335	smooth=Smooth.None,
6336	fillColor={175,175,175},
6337	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
6338	Ellipse(
6339	extent={{22,26},{58,-28}},
6340	lineColor={64,64,64},
6341	fillColor={255,255,255},
6342	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
6343	Polygon(
6344	points={{68,2},{68,-46},{64,-60},{58,-68},{48,-72},{18,-72},{18,-64},
6345	{46,-64},{54,-60},{58,-54},{60,-46},{60,-26},{64,-20},{68,-6},{68,
6346	2}},
6347	lineColor={64,64,64},
6348	smooth=Smooth.Bezier,
6349	fillColor={175,175,175},
6350	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid)}), Documentation(info="<html>
6351	<p>This package provides predefined types, such as <i>Mass</i>,
6352	<i>Angle</i>, <i>Time</i>, based on the international standard
6353	on units, e.g.,
6354	</p>
6355
6356	<pre> <b>type</b> Angle = Real(<b>final</b> quantity = \"Angle\",
6357	<b>final</b> unit = \"rad\",
6358	displayUnit = \"deg\");
6359	</pre>
6360
6361	<p>
6362	as well as conversion functions from non SI-units to SI-units
6363	and vice versa in subpackage
6364	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.SIunits.Conversions\">Conversions</a>.
6365	</p>
6366
6367	<p>
6368	For an introduction how units are used in the Modelica standard library
6369	with package SIunits, have a look at:
6370	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.SIunits.UsersGuide.HowToUseSIunits\">How to use SIunits</a>.
6371	</p>
6372
6373	<p>
6374	Copyright © 1998-2013, Modelica Association and DLR.
6375	</p>
6376	<p>
6377	<i>This Modelica package is <u>free</u> software and the use is completely at <u>your own risk</u>; it can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms of the Modelica License 2. For license conditions (including the disclaimer of warranty) see <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.UsersGuide.ModelicaLicense2\">Modelica.UsersGuide.ModelicaLicense2</a> or visit <a href=\"https://www.modelica.org/licenses/ModelicaLicense2\"> https://www.modelica.org/licenses/ModelicaLicense2</a>.</i>
6378	</p>
6379	</html>", revisions="<html>
6380	<ul>
6381	<li><i>May 25, 2011</i> by Stefan Wischhusen:<br/>Added molar units for energy and enthalpy.</li>
6382	<li><i>Jan. 27, 2010</i> by Christian Kral:<br/>Added complex units.</li>
6383	<li><i>Dec. 14, 2005</i> by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a>:<br/>Add User';s Guide and removed "min" values for Resistance and Conductance.</li>
6384	<li><i>October 21, 2002</i> by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a> and <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Christian.Schweiger/\">Christian Schweiger</a>:<br/>Added new package <b>Conversions</b>. Corrected typo <i>Wavelenght</i>.</li>
6385	<li><i>June 6, 2000</i> by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a>:<br/>Introduced the following new types<br/>type Temperature = ThermodynamicTemperature;<br/>types DerDensityByEnthalpy, DerDensityByPressure, DerDensityByTemperature, DerEnthalpyByPressure, DerEnergyByDensity, DerEnergyByPressure<br/>Attribute "final" removed from min and max values in order that these values can still be changed to narrow the allowed range of values.<br/>Quantity="Stress" removed from type "Stress", in order that a type "Stress" can be connected to a type "Pressure".</li>
6386	<li><i>Oct. 27, 1999</i> by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a>:<br/>New types due to electrical library: Transconductance, InversePotential, Damping.</li>
6387	<li><i>Sept. 18, 1999</i> by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a>:<br/>Renamed from SIunit to SIunits. Subpackages expanded, i.e., the SIunits package, does no longer contain subpackages.</li>
6388	<li><i>Aug 12, 1999</i> by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a>:<br/>Type "Pressure" renamed to "AbsolutePressure" and introduced a new type "Pressure" which does not contain a minimum of zero in order to allow convenient handling of relative pressure. Redefined BulkModulus as an alias to AbsolutePressure instead of Stress, since needed in hydraulics.</li>
6389	<li><i>June 29, 1999</i> by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a>:<br/>Bug-fix: Double definition of "Compressibility" removed and appropriate "extends Heat" clause introduced in package SolidStatePhysics to incorporate ThermodynamicTemperature.</li>
6390	<li><i>April 8, 1998</i> by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a> and Astrid Jaschinski:<br/>Complete ISO 31 chapters realized.</li>
6391	<li><i>Nov. 15, 1997</i> by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a> and <a href=\"http://www.control.lth.se/~hubertus/\">Hubertus Tummescheit</a>:<br/>Some chapters realized.</li>
6392	</ul>
6393	</html>"));
6394	end SIunits;
6395	annotation (
6396	preferredView="info",
6397	version="3.2.1",
6398	versionBuild=2,
6399	versionDate="2013-08-14",
6400	dateModified = "2013-08-14 08:44:41Z",
6401	revisionId="$Id:: package.mo 6947 2013-08-23 07:41:37Z #$",
6402	uses(Complex(version="3.2.1"), ModelicaServices(version="3.2.1")),
6403	conversion(
6404	noneFromVersion="3.2",
6405	noneFromVersion="3.1",
6406	noneFromVersion="3.0.1",
6407	noneFromVersion="3.0",
6408	from(version="2.1", script="modelica://Modelica/Resources/Scripts/Dymola/ConvertModelica_from_2.2.2_to_3.0.mos"),
6409	from(version="2.2", script="modelica://Modelica/Resources/Scripts/Dymola/ConvertModelica_from_2.2.2_to_3.0.mos"),
6410	from(version="2.2.1", script="modelica://Modelica/Resources/Scripts/Dymola/ConvertModelica_from_2.2.2_to_3.0.mos"),
6411	from(version="2.2.2", script="modelica://Modelica/Resources/Scripts/Dymola/ConvertModelica_from_2.2.2_to_3.0.mos")),
6412	Icon(coordinateSystem(extent={{-100.0,-100.0},{100.0,100.0}}), graphics={
6413	Polygon(
6414	origin={-6.9888,20.048},
6415	fillColor={0,0,0},
6416	pattern=LinePattern.None,
6417	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,
6418	points={{-93.0112,10.3188},{-93.0112,10.3188},{-73.011,24.6},{-63.011,31.221},{-51.219,36.777},{-39.842,38.629},{-31.376,36.248},{-25.819,29.369},{-24.232,22.49},{-23.703,17.463},{-15.501,25.135},{-6.24,32.015},{3.02,36.777},{15.191,39.423},{27.097,37.306},{32.653,29.633},{35.035,20.108},{43.501,28.046},{54.085,35.19},{65.991,39.952},{77.897,39.688},{87.422,33.338},{91.126,21.696},{90.068,9.525},{86.099,-1.058},{79.749,-10.054},{71.283,-21.431},{62.816,-33.337},{60.964,-32.808},{70.489,-16.14},{77.368,-2.381},{81.072,10.054},{79.749,19.05},{72.605,24.342},{61.758,23.019},{49.587,14.817},{39.003,4.763},{29.214,-6.085},{21.012,-16.669},{13.339,-26.458},{5.401,-36.777},{-1.213,-46.037},{-6.24,-53.446},{-8.092,-52.387},{-0.684,-40.746},{5.401,-30.692},{12.81,-17.198},{19.424,-3.969},{23.658,7.938},{22.335,18.785},{16.514,23.283},{8.047,23.019},{-1.478,19.05},{-11.267,11.113},{-19.734,2.381},{-29.259,-8.202},{-38.519,-19.579},{-48.044,-31.221},{-56.511,-43.392},{-64.449,-55.298},{-72.386,-66.939},{-77.678,-74.612},{-79.53,-74.083},{-71.857,-61.383},{-62.861,-46.037},{-52.278,-28.046},{-44.869,-15.346},{-38.784,-2.117},{-35.344,8.731},{-36.403,19.844},{-42.488,23.813},{-52.013,22.49},{-60.744,16.933},{-68.947,10.054},{-76.884,2.646},{-93.0112,-12.1707},{-93.0112,-12.1707}},
6419	smooth=Smooth.Bezier),
6420	Ellipse(
6421	origin={40.8208,-37.7602},
6422	fillColor={161,0,4},
6423	pattern=LinePattern.None,
6424	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,
6425	extent={{-17.8562,-17.8563},{17.8563,17.8562}})}),
6426	Documentation(info="<HTML>
6427	<p>
6428	Package <b>Modelica®</b> is a <b>standardized</b> and <b>free</b> package
6429	that is developed together with the Modelica® language from the
6430	Modelica Association, see
6431	<a href=\"https://www.Modelica.org\">https://www.Modelica.org</a>.
6432	It is also called <b>Modelica Standard Library</b>.
6433	It provides model components in many domains that are based on
6434	standardized interface definitions. Some typical examples are shown
6435	in the next figure:
6436	</p>
6437
6438	<p>
6439	<img src=\"modelica://Modelica/Resources/Images/UsersGuide/ModelicaLibraries.png\">
6440	</p>
6441
6442	<p>
6443	For an introduction, have especially a look at:
6444	</p>
6445	<ul>
6446	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.UsersGuide.Overview\">Overview</a>
6447	provides an overview of the Modelica Standard Library
6448	inside the <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.UsersGuide\">User's Guide</a>.</li>
6449	<li><a href=\"modelica://Modelica.UsersGuide.ReleaseNotes\">Release Notes</a>
6450	summarizes the changes of new versions of this package.</li>
6451	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.UsersGuide.Contact\">Contact</a>
6452	lists the contributors of the Modelica Standard Library.</li>
6453	<li> The <b>Examples</b> packages in the various libraries, demonstrate
6454	how to use the components of the corresponding sublibrary.</li>
6455	</ul>
6456
6457	<p>
6458	This version of the Modelica Standard Library consists of
6459	</p>
6460	<ul>
6461	<li><b>1360</b> models and blocks, and</li>
6462	<li><b>1280</b> functions</li>
6463	</ul>
6464	<p>
6465	that are directly usable (= number of public, non-partial classes). It is fully compliant
6466	to <a href=\"https://www.modelica.org/documents/ModelicaSpec32Revision2.pdf\">Modelica Specification Version 3.2 Revision 2</a>
6467	and it has been tested with Modelica tools from different vendors.
6468	</p>
6469
6470	<p>
6471	<b>Licensed by the Modelica Association under the Modelica License 2</b><br>
6472	Copyright © 1998-2013, ABB, AIT, T. Bödrich, DLR, Dassault Systèmes AB, Fraunhofer, A.Haumer, ITI, Modelon,
6473	TU Hamburg-Harburg, Politecnico di Milano, XRG Simulation.
6474	</p>
6475
6476	<p>
6477	<i>This Modelica package is <u>free</u> software and the use is completely at <u>your own risk</u>; it can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms of the Modelica License 2. For license conditions (including the disclaimer of warranty) see <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.UsersGuide.ModelicaLicense2\">Modelica.UsersGuide.ModelicaLicense2</a> or visit <a href=\"https://www.modelica.org/licenses/ModelicaLicense2\"> https://www.modelica.org/licenses/ModelicaLicense2</a>.</i>
6478	</p>
6479
6480	<p>
6481	<b>Modelica®</b> is a registered trademark of the Modelica Association.
6482	</p>
6483	</html>"));
6484	end Modelica;
6485
6486
6487	package ThermoPower "Open library for thermal power plant simulation"
6488	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
6489	import Modelica.Math.*;
6490	import Modelica.SIunits.*;
6491
6492	model System "System wide properties"
6493	// Assumptions
6494	parameter Boolean allowFlowReversal=true
6495	"= false to restrict to design flow direction (flangeA -> flangeB)"
6496	annotation (Evaluate=true);
6497	parameter ThermoPower.Choices.System.Dynamics Dynamics=ThermoPower.Choices.System.Dynamics.DynamicFreeInitial;
6498	annotation (
6499	defaultComponentName="system",
6500	defaultComponentPrefixes="inner",
6501	Icon(graphics={Polygon(
6502	points={{-100,60},{-60,100},{60,100},{100,60},{100,-60},{60,-100},{-60,
6503	-100},{-100,-60},{-100,60}},
6504	lineColor={0,0,255},
6505	smooth=Smooth.None,
6506	fillColor={170,213,255},
6507	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid), Text(
6508	extent={{-80,40},{80,-20}},
6509	lineColor={0,0,255},
6510	textString="system")}));
6511	end System;
6512
6513	package Icons "Icons for ThermoPower library"
6514	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
6515
6516	package Gas "Icons for component using water/steam as working fluid"
6517	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
6518
6519	partial model SourceP
6520
6521	annotation (Icon(graphics={
6522	Ellipse(
6523	extent={{-80,80},{80,-80}},
6524	lineColor={128,128,128},
6525	fillColor={159,159,223},
6526	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
6527	Text(
6528	extent={{-20,34},{28,-26}},
6529	lineColor={255,255,255},
6530	textString="P"),
6531	Text(extent={{-100,-78},{100,-106}}, textString="%name")}));
6532	end SourceP;
6533
6534	partial model SourceW
6535
6536	annotation (Icon(graphics={
6537	Rectangle(
6538	extent={{-80,40},{80,-40}},
6539	lineColor={128,128,128},
6540	fillColor={159,159,223},
6541	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
6542	Polygon(
6543	points={{-12,-20},{66,0},{-12,20},{34,0},{-12,-20}},
6544	lineColor={128,128,128},
6545	fillColor={0,0,0},
6546	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
6547	Text(extent={{-100,-52},{100,-80}}, textString="%name")}));
6548	end SourceW;
6549
6550	partial model Tube
6551
6552	annotation (Icon(graphics={Rectangle(
6553	extent={{-80,40},{80,-40}},
6554	lineColor={0,0,0},
6555	fillPattern=FillPattern.HorizontalCylinder,
6556	fillColor={159,159,223})}), Diagram(graphics));
6557	end Tube;
6558
6559	partial model Mixer
6560
6561	annotation (Icon(graphics={Ellipse(
6562	extent={{80,80},{-80,-80}},
6563	lineColor={128,128,128},
6564	fillColor={159,159,223},
6565	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid), Text(extent={{-100,-84},{100,-110}},
6566	textString="%name")}), Diagram(graphics));
6567	end Mixer;
6568
6569	partial model Compressor
6570
6571	annotation (Icon(graphics={
6572	Polygon(
6573	points={{24,26},{30,26},{30,76},{60,76},{60,82},{24,82},{24,26}},
6574	lineColor={128,128,128},
6575	lineThickness=0.5,
6576	fillColor={159,159,223},
6577	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
6578	Polygon(
6579	points={{-30,76},{-30,56},{-24,56},{-24,82},{-60,82},{-60,76},{-30,
6580	76}},
6581	lineColor={128,128,128},
6582	lineThickness=0.5,
6583	fillColor={159,159,223},
6584	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
6585	Rectangle(
6586	extent={{-60,8},{60,-8}},
6587	lineColor={0,0,0},
6588	fillPattern=FillPattern.HorizontalCylinder,
6589	fillColor={160,160,164}),
6590	Polygon(
6591	points={{-30,60},{-30,-60},{30,-26},{30,26},{-30,60}},
6592	lineColor={128,128,128},
6593	lineThickness=0.5,
6594	fillColor={159,159,223},
6595	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid)}), Diagram(graphics));
6596
6597	end Compressor;
6598
6599	partial model Turbine
6600
6601	annotation (Icon(graphics={
6602	Polygon(
6603	points={{-28,76},{-28,28},{-22,28},{-22,82},{-60,82},{-60,76},{-28,
6604	76}},
6605	lineColor={128,128,128},
6606	lineThickness=0.5,
6607	fillColor={159,159,223},
6608	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
6609	Polygon(
6610	points={{26,56},{32,56},{32,76},{60,76},{60,82},{26,82},{26,56}},
6611	lineColor={128,128,128},
6612	lineThickness=0.5,
6613	fillColor={159,159,223},
6614	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
6615	Rectangle(
6616	extent={{-60,8},{60,-8}},
6617	lineColor={0,0,0},
6618	fillPattern=FillPattern.HorizontalCylinder,
6619	fillColor={160,160,164}),
6620	Polygon(
6621	points={{-28,28},{-28,-26},{32,-60},{32,60},{-28,28}},
6622	lineColor={128,128,128},
6623	lineThickness=0.5,
6624	fillColor={159,159,223},
6625	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid)}), Diagram(graphics));
6626
6627	end Turbine;
6628	end Gas;
6629	end Icons;
6630
6631	package Functions "Miscellaneous functions"
6632	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
6633
6634	function squareReg
6635	"Anti-symmetric square approximation with non-zero derivative in the origin"
6636	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
6637	input Real x;
6638	input Real delta=0.01 "Range of significant deviation from x^2*sgn(x)";
6639	output Real y;
6640	algorithm
6641	y := xsqrt(xx + delta*delta);
6642
6643	annotation (Documentation(info="<html>
6644	This function approximates x^2*sgn(x), such that the derivative is non-zero in x=0.
6645	</p>
6646	<p>
6647	<table border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2>
6648	<tr><th>Function</th><th>Approximation</th><th>Range</th></tr>
6649	<tr><td>y = regSquare(x)</td><td>y ~= x^2*sgn(x)</td><td>abs(x) >&gt delta</td></tr>
6650	<tr><td>y = regSquare(x)</td><td>y ~= x*delta</td><td>abs(x) <&lt delta</td></tr>
6651	</table>
6652	<p>
6653	With the default value of delta=0.01, the difference between x^2 and regSquare(x) is 41% around x=0.01, 0.4% around x=0.1 and 0.005% around x=1.
6654	</p>
6655	</p>
6656	</html>", revisions="<html>
6657	<ul>
6658	<li><i>15 Mar 2005</i>
6659	by <a href=\"mailto:francesco.casella@polimi.it\">Francesco Casella</a>:<br>
6660	Created. </li>
6661	</ul>
6662	</html>"));
6663	end squareReg;
6664	annotation (Documentation(info="<HTML>
6665	This package contains general-purpose functions and models
6666	</HTML>"));
6667	end Functions;
6668
6669	package Electrical "Simplified models of electric power components"
6670	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
6671
6672	connector PowerConnection "Electrical power connector"
6673	flow Power W "Active power";
6674	Frequency f "Frequency";
6675	annotation (Icon(graphics={Rectangle(
6676	extent={{-100,100},{100,-100}},
6677	lineColor={0,0,255},
6678	pattern=LinePattern.None,
6679	lineThickness=0.5,
6680	fillColor={255,0,0},
6681	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid)}));
6682	end PowerConnection;
6683
6684	model Generator "Active power generator"
6685	import Modelica.SIunits.Conversions.NonSIunits.*;
6686	parameter Real eta=1 "Conversion efficiency";
6687	parameter Modelica.SIunits.MomentOfInertia J=0 "Moment of inertia";
6688	parameter Integer Np=2 "Number of electrical poles";
6689	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Frequency fstart=50
6690	"Start value of the electrical frequency"
6691	annotation (Dialog(tab="Initialization"));
6692	parameter ThermoPower.Choices.Init.Options initOpt=ThermoPower.Choices.Init.Options.noInit
6693	"Initialization option"
6694	annotation (Dialog(tab="Initialization"));
6695	Modelica.SIunits.Power Pm "Mechanical power";
6696	Modelica.SIunits.Power Pe "Electrical Power";
6697	Modelica.SIunits.Power Ploss "Inertial power Loss";
6698	Modelica.SIunits.Torque tau "Torque at shaft";
6699	Modelica.SIunits.AngularVelocity omega_m(start=2Modelica.Constants.pi
6700	fstart/Np) "Angular velocity of the shaft";
6701	Modelica.SIunits.AngularVelocity omega_e
6702	"Angular velocity of the e.m.f. rotating frame";
6703	AngularVelocity_rpm n "Rotational speed";
6704	Modelica.SIunits.Frequency f "Electrical frequency";
6705	PowerConnection powerConnection annotation (Placement(transformation(extent=
6706	{{72,-14},{100,14}}, rotation=0)));
6707	Modelica.Mechanics.Rotational.Interfaces.Flange_a shaft annotation (
6708	Placement(transformation(extent={{-100,-14},{-72,14}}, rotation=0)));
6709	equation
6710	omega_m = der(shaft.phi) "Mechanical boundary condition";
6711	omega_e = omega_m*Np;
6712	f = omega_e/(2*Modelica.Constants.pi) "Electrical frequency";
6713	n = Modelica.SIunits.Conversions.to_rpm(omega_m) "Rotational speed in rpm";
6714	Pm = omega_m*tau;
6715	if J > 0 then
6716	Ploss = Jder(omega_m)omega_m;
6717	else
6718	Ploss = 0;
6719	end if annotation (Diagram);
6720	Pm = Pe/eta + Ploss "Energy balance";
6721	// Boundary conditions
6722	f = powerConnection.f;
6723	Pe = -powerConnection.W;
6724	tau = shaft.tau;
6725	initial equation
6726	if initOpt == ThermoPower.Choices.Init.Options.noInit then
6727	// do nothing
6728	elseif initOpt == ThermoPower.Choices.Init.Options.steadyState then
6729	der(omega_m) = 0;
6730	else
6731	assert(false, "Unsupported initialisation option");
6732	end if;
6733	annotation (
6734	Icon(graphics={Rectangle(
6735	extent={{-72,6},{-48,-8}},
6736	lineColor={0,0,0},
6737	fillPattern=FillPattern.HorizontalCylinder,
6738	fillColor={160,160,164}),Ellipse(
6739	extent={{50,-50},{-50,50}},
6740	lineColor={0,0,0},
6741	lineThickness=0.5,
6742	fillColor={255,255,255},
6743	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),Line(points={{50,0},{72,0}},
6744	color={0,0,0}),Text(
6745	extent={{-26,24},{28,-28}},
6746	lineColor={0,0,0},
6747	fillColor={255,255,255},
6748	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,
6749	textString="G")}),
6750	Documentation(info="<html>
6751	<p>This model describes the conversion between mechanical power and electrical power in an ideal synchronous generator.
6752	The frequency in the electrical connector is the e.m.f. of generator.
6753	<p>It is possible to consider the generator inertia in the model, by setting the parameter <tt>J > 0</tt>.
6754	</html>"));
6755	end Generator;
6756
6757	partial model Network1portBase "Base class for one-port network"
6758	parameter Boolean hasBreaker=false
6759	"Model includes a breaker controlled by external input";
6760	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Angle deltaStart=0
6761	"Start value of the load angle"
6762	annotation (Dialog(tab="Initialization"));
6763	parameter ThermoPower.Choices.Init.Options initOpt=ThermoPower.Choices.Init.Options.noInit
6764	"Initialization option"
6765	annotation (Dialog(tab="Initialization"));
6766	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Power C "Max. power transfer";
6767	Modelica.SIunits.Power Pe "Net electrical power";
6768	Modelica.SIunits.Power Ploss "Electrical power loss";
6769	Modelica.SIunits.AngularVelocity omega "Angular velocity";
6770	Modelica.SIunits.AngularVelocity omegaRef "Angular velocity reference";
6771	Modelica.SIunits.Angle delta(stateSelect=StateSelect.prefer, start=
6772	deltaStart) "Load angle";
6773
6774	PowerConnection powerConnection annotation (Placement(transformation(extent=
6775	{{-114,-14},{-86,14}}, rotation=0)));
6776	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.BooleanInput closed if hasBreaker annotation (
6777	Placement(transformation(
6778	origin={0,97},
6779	extent={{-15,-16},{15,16}},
6780	rotation=270)));
6781	protected
6782	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.BooleanInput closedInternal annotation (
6783	Placement(transformation(
6784	origin={0,49},
6785	extent={{-9,-8},{9,8}},
6786	rotation=270)));
6787	public
6788	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput delta_out annotation (Placement(
6789	transformation(
6790	origin={0,-90},
6791	extent={{-10,-10},{10,10}},
6792	rotation=270)));
6793	equation
6794	// Load angle
6795	der(delta) = omega - omegaRef;
6796	// Power flow
6797	if closedInternal then
6798	Pe = homotopy(CModelica.Math.sin(delta), Cdelta);
6799	else
6800	Pe = 0;
6801	end if;
6802	// Boundary conditions
6803	Pe + Ploss = powerConnection.W;
6804	omega = 2Modelica.Constants.pipowerConnection.f;
6805	if not hasBreaker then
6806	closedInternal = true;
6807	end if;
6808	connect(closed, closedInternal);
6809	//Output signal
6810	delta_out = delta;
6811	initial equation
6812	if initOpt == ThermoPower.Choices.Init.Options.noInit then
6813	// do nothing
6814	elseif initOpt == ThermoPower.Choices.Init.Options.steadyState then
6815	der(delta) = 0;
6816	else
6817	assert(false, "Unsupported initialisation option");
6818	end if;
6819	annotation (
6820	Diagram(graphics),
6821	Icon(graphics={Ellipse(
6822	extent={{-80,80},{80,-80}},
6823	lineColor={0,0,0},
6824	fillColor={255,255,255},
6825	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid)}),
6826	Documentation(info="<html>
6827	<p>Basic interface of the Network models with one electrical port for the connection to the generator, containing the common parameters, variables and connectors.</p>
6828	<p><b>Modelling options</b>
6829	<p>The net electrical power is defined by the following relationship:
6830	<ul><tt>Pe = C*sin(delta)</tt></ul>
6831	<p><tt>delta</tt> is the load angle, defined by the following relationship:
6832	<ul><tt>der(delta) = omega - omegaRef</tt></ul>
6833	<p>where <tt>omega</tt> is related to the frequency on the power connector (generator frequency), and <tt>omegaRef</tt> is the reference angular velocity of the network embedded in the model.
6834	<p>The electrical power losses are described by the variable <tt>Ploss</tt>.
6835	<p>If <tt>hasBreaker</tt> is true, the model provides a circuit breaker, controlled by the boolean input signal, to describe the connection/disconnection of the electrical port from the grid; otherwise it is assumed that the electrical port is always connected to the grid.
6836	</html>", revisions="<html>
6837	<ul>
6838	<li><i>15 Jul 2008</i>
6839	by <a href=\"mailto:francesco.casella@polimi.it\">Francesco
6840	Casella</a> and <a> Luca Savoldelli </a>:<br>
6841	First release.</li>
6842	</ul>
6843	</html>"));
6844	end Network1portBase;
6845
6846	model NetworkGrid_Pmax
6847	extends ThermoPower.Electrical.Network1portBase(final C=Pmax);
6848	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Power Pmax "Maximum power transfer";
6849	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Frequency fnom=50 "Nominal frequency of network";
6850	parameter Modelica.SIunits.MomentOfInertia J=0
6851	"Moment of inertia of the generator/shaft system (for damping term calculation)"
6852	annotation (Dialog(group="Generator"));
6853	parameter Real r=0.2 "Electrical damping of generator/shaft system"
6854	annotation (dialog(enable=if J > 0 then true else false, group=
6855	"Generator"));
6856	parameter Integer Np=2 "Number of electrical poles" annotation (dialog(
6857	enable=if J > 0 then true else false, group="Generator"));
6858	Real D "Electrical damping coefficient";
6859	equation
6860	// Definition of the reference
6861	omegaRef = 2Modelica.Constants.pifnom;
6862	// Definition of damping power loss
6863	if J > 0 then
6864	D = 2rsqrt(CJ(2Modelica.Constants.pifnom*Np)/(Np^2));
6865	else
6866	D = 0;
6867	end if;
6868	if closedInternal then
6869	Ploss = D*der(delta);
6870	else
6871	Ploss = 0;
6872	end if;
6873	annotation (Icon(graphics={Rectangle(
6874	extent={{-54,6},{-28,-6}},
6875	lineColor={0,0,0},
6876	fillColor={255,255,255},
6877	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),Line(points={{-54,0},{-92,0}},
6878	color={0,0,0}),Line(points={{-28,0},{-10,0},{18,16}}, color={0,0,0}),
6879	Line(points={{20,0},{46,0}}, color={0,0,0}),Line(
6880	points={{46,40},{46,-40}},
6881	color={0,0,0},
6882	thickness=0.5)}), Documentation(info="<html>
6883	<p>This model extends <tt>Network1portBase</tt> partial model, by directly defining the maximum power that can be transferred between the electrical port and the grid <tt>Pmax</tt>.
6884	<p>The power losses are represented by a linear dissipative term. It is possible to directly set the damping coefficient <tt>r</tt> of the generator/shaft system.
6885	If <tt>J</tt> is zero, zero damping is assumed. Note that <tt>J</tt> is only used to compute the dissipative term and should refer to the total inertia of the generator-shaft system; the network model does not add any inertial effects.
6886	</html>", revisions="<html>
6887	<ul>
6888	<li><i>15 Jul 2008</i>
6889	by <a href=\"mailto:francesco.casella@polimi.it\">Francesco
6890	Casella</a> and <a> Luca Savoldelli </a>:<br>
6891	First release.</li>
6892	</ul>
6893	</html>"));
6894	end NetworkGrid_Pmax;
6895	annotation (Documentation(info="<html>
6896	<p>This package allows to describe the flow of active power between a synchronous generator and a grid, through simplified power transmission line models, assuming ideal voltage control. </p>
6897	<p>These models are meant to be used as simplified boundary conditions for a thermal power plant model, rather than for fully modular description of three-phase networks. Specialized libraries should be used for this purpose; bear in mind, however, that full three-phase models of electrical machinery and power lines could make the power plant simulation substantially heavier, if special numeric integration strategies are not adopted.
6898	</html>"));
6899	end Electrical;
6900
6901	package Choices "Choice enumerations for ThermoPower models"
6902	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
6903
6904	package PressDrop
6905
6906	type FFtypes = enumeration(
6907	Kf "Kf friction factor",
6908	OpPoint "Friction factor defined by operating point",
6909	Kinetic "Kinetic friction factor")
6910	"Type, constants and menu choices to select the friction factor";
6911	end PressDrop;
6912
6913	package TurboMachinery
6914
6915	type TableTypes = enumeration(
6916	matrix "Explicitly supplied as parameter matrix table",
6917	file "Read from a file")
6918	"Type, constants and menu choices to select the representation of table matrix";
6919	end TurboMachinery;
6920
6921	package Init "Options for initialisation"
6922
6923	type Options = enumeration(
6924	noInit "No initial equations",
6925	steadyState "Steady-state initialisation",
6926	steadyStateNoP "Steady-state initialisation except pressures",
6927	steadyStateNoT "Steady-state initialisation except temperatures",
6928	steadyStateNoPT
6929	"Steady-state initialisation except pressures and temperatures")
6930	"Type, constants and menu choices to select the initialisation options";
6931	end Init;
6932
6933	package System
6934
6935	type Dynamics = enumeration(
6936	DynamicFreeInitial
6937	"DynamicFreeInitial -- Dynamic balance, Initial guess value",
6938	FixedInitial "FixedInitial -- Dynamic balance, Initial value fixed",
6939	SteadyStateInitial
6940	"SteadyStateInitial -- Dynamic balance, Steady state initial with guess value",
6941
6942	SteadyState
6943	"SteadyState -- Steady state balance, Initial guess value")
6944	"Enumeration to define definition of balance equations";
6945
6946	end System;
6947	end Choices;
6948
6949	package Examples "Application examples"
6950	extends Modelica.Icons.ExamplesPackage;
6951
6952	package RankineCycle "Steam power plant"
6953	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
6954
6955	package Models
6956	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
6957
6958	model PID "PID controller with anti-windup"
6959	parameter Real Kp "Proportional gain (normalised units)";
6960	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Time Ti "Integral time";
6961	parameter Boolean integralAction = true "Use integral action";
6962	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Time Td=0 "Derivative time";
6963	parameter Real Nd=1 "Derivative action up to Nd / Td rad/s";
6964	parameter Real Ni=1
6965	"Ni*Ti is the time constant of anti-windup compensation";
6966	parameter Real b=1 "Setpoint weight on proportional action";
6967	parameter Real c=0 "Setpoint weight on derivative action";
6968	parameter Real PVmin "Minimum value of process variable for scaling";
6969	parameter Real PVmax "Maximum value of process variable for scaling";
6970	parameter Real CSmin "Minimum value of control signal for scaling";
6971	parameter Real CSmax "Maximum value of control signal for scaling";
6972	parameter Real PVstart=0.5 "Start value of PV (scaled)";
6973	parameter Real CSstart=0.5 "Start value of CS (scaled)";
6974	parameter Boolean holdWhenSimplified=false
6975	"Hold CSs at start value when homotopy=simplified";
6976	parameter Boolean steadyStateInit=false "Initialize in steady state";
6977	Real CSs_hom
6978	"Control signal scaled in per units, used when homotopy=simplified";
6979
6980	Real P "Proportional action / Kp";
6981	Real I(start=CSstart/Kp) "Integral action / Kp";
6982	Real D "Derivative action / Kp";
6983	Real Dx(start=c*PVstart - PVstart) "State of approximated derivator";
6984	Real PVs "Process variable scaled in per unit";
6985	Real SPs "Setpoint variable scaled in per unit";
6986	Real CSs(start=CSstart) "Control signal scaled in per unit";
6987	Real CSbs(start=CSstart)
6988	"Control signal scaled in per unit before saturation";
6989	Real track "Tracking signal for anti-windup integral action";
6990
6991	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput PV "Process variable signal"
6992	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-112,-52},{-88,-28}},
6993	rotation=0)));
6994	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput CS "Control signal" annotation (
6995	Placement(transformation(extent={{88,-12},{112,12}}, rotation=0)));
6996	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput SP "Set point signal" annotation (
6997	Placement(transformation(extent={{-112,28},{-88,52}}, rotation=0)));
6998	equation
6999	// Scaling
7000	SPs = (SP - PVmin)/(PVmax - PVmin);
7001	PVs = (PV - PVmin)/(PVmax - PVmin);
7002	CS = CSmin + CSs*(CSmax - CSmin);
7003	// Controller actions
7004	P = b*SPs - PVs;
7005	if integralAction then
7006	assert(Ti>0, "Integral time must be positive");
7007	Ti*der(I) = SPs - PVs + track;
7008	else
7009	I = 0;
7010	end if;
7011	if Td > 0 then
7012	Td/Ndder(Dx) + Dx = cSPs - PVs
7013	"State equation of approximated derivator";
7014	D = Nd((cSPs - PVs) - Dx)
7015	"Output equation of approximated derivator";
7016	else
7017	Dx = 0;
7018	D = 0;
7019	end if;
7020	if holdWhenSimplified then
7021	CSs_hom = CSstart;
7022	else
7023	CSs_hom = CSbs;
7024	end if;
7025	CSbs = Kp*(P + I + D) "Control signal before saturation";
7026	CSs = homotopy(smooth(0, if CSbs > 1 then 1 else if CSbs < 0 then 0 else
7027	CSbs), CSs_hom) "Saturated control signal";
7028	track = (CSs - CSbs)/(Kp*Ni);
7029	initial equation
7030	if steadyStateInit then
7031	if Ti > 0 then
7032	der(I) = 0;
7033	end if;
7034	if Td > 0 then
7035	D = 0;
7036	end if;
7037	end if;
7038	annotation (Diagram(graphics), Icon(graphics={
7039	Rectangle(
7040	extent={{-100,100},{100,-100}},
7041	lineColor={0,0,255},
7042	fillColor={255,255,255},
7043	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
7044	Text(
7045	extent={{-54,40},{52,-34}},
7046	lineColor={0,0,255},
7047	textString="PID"),
7048	Text(
7049	extent={{-110,-108},{110,-142}},
7050	lineColor={0,0,255},
7051	lineThickness=0.5,
7052	textString="%name")}));
7053	end PID;
7054	end Models;
7055	annotation (Documentation(info="<html>
7056	<p>This package contains models of a simple Rankine cycle and its main components.
7057	</html>", revisions="<html>
7058	<ul>
7059	<li><i>10 Dec 2008</i>
7060	by <a>Luca Savoldelli</a>:<br>
7061	Package created.</li>
7062	</ul>
7063	</html>"));
7064	end RankineCycle;
7065
7066	package BraytonCycle "Gas power plant"
7067	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
7068
7069	model Plant
7070	parameter Real tableEtaC[6, 4]=[0, 95, 100, 105; 1, 82.5e-2, 81e-2,
7071	80.5e-2; 2, 84e-2, 82.9e-2, 82e-2; 3, 83.2e-2, 82.2e-2, 81.5e-2; 4,
7072	82.5e-2, 81.2e-2, 79e-2; 5, 79.5e-2, 78e-2, 76.5e-2];
7073	parameter Real tablePhicC[6, 4]=[0, 95, 100, 105; 1, 38.3e-3, 43e-3,
7074	46.8e-3; 2, 39.3e-3, 43.8e-3, 47.9e-3; 3, 40.6e-3, 45.2e-3, 48.4e-3;
7075	4, 41.6e-3, 46.1e-3, 48.9e-3; 5, 42.3e-3, 46.6e-3, 49.3e-3];
7076	parameter Real tablePR[6, 4]=[0, 95, 100, 105; 1, 22.6, 27, 32; 2, 22,
7077	26.6, 30.8; 3, 20.8, 25.5, 29; 4, 19, 24.3, 27.1; 5, 17, 21.5, 24.2];
7078	parameter Real tablePhicT[5, 4]=[1, 90, 100, 110; 2.36, 4.68e-3, 4.68e-3,
7079	4.68e-3; 2.88, 4.68e-3, 4.68e-3, 4.68e-3; 3.56, 4.68e-3, 4.68e-3,
7080	4.68e-3; 4.46, 4.68e-3, 4.68e-3, 4.68e-3];
7081	parameter Real tableEtaT[5, 4]=[1, 90, 100, 110; 2.36, 89e-2, 89.5e-2,
7082	89.3e-2; 2.88, 90e-2, 90.6e-2, 90.5e-2; 3.56, 90.5e-2, 90.6e-2,
7083	90.5e-2; 4.46, 90.2e-2, 90.3e-2, 90e-2];
7084	Electrical.Generator generator(initOpt=ThermoPower.Choices.Init.Options.steadyState, J=30)
7085	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{92,-80},{132,-40}},
7086	rotation=0)));
7087	Electrical.NetworkGrid_Pmax network(
7088	deltaStart=0.4,
7089	initOpt=ThermoPower.Choices.Init.Options.steadyState,
7090	Pmax=10e6,
7091	J=30000) annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{148,-72},{172,-48}},
7092	rotation=0)));
7093	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput fuelFlowRate annotation (
7094	Placement(transformation(extent={{-210,-10},{-190,10}}, rotation=0)));
7095	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput generatedPower annotation (
7096	Placement(transformation(extent={{196,-10},{216,10}}, rotation=0)));
7097	Gas.Compressor compressor(
7098	redeclare package Medium = Media.Air,
7099	tablePhic=tablePhicC,
7100	tableEta=tableEtaC,
7101	pstart_in=0.343e5,
7102	pstart_out=8.3e5,
7103	Tstart_in=244.4,
7104	tablePR=tablePR,
7105	Table=ThermoPower.Choices.TurboMachinery.TableTypes.matrix,
7106	Tstart_out=600.4,
7107	explicitIsentropicEnthalpy=true,
7108	Tdes_in=244.4,
7109	Ndesign=157.08) annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-158,-90},
7110	{-98,-30}}, rotation=0)));
7111	Gas.Turbine turbine(
7112	redeclare package Medium = Media.FlueGas,
7113	pstart_in=7.85e5,
7114	pstart_out=1.52e5,
7115	tablePhic=tablePhicT,
7116	tableEta=tableEtaT,
7117	Table=ThermoPower.Choices.TurboMachinery.TableTypes.matrix,
7118	Tstart_out=800,
7119	Tdes_in=1400,
7120	Tstart_in=1370,
7121	Ndesign=157.08) annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-6,-90},{
7122	54,-30}}, rotation=0)));
7123	Gas.CombustionChamber CombustionChamber1(
7124	gamma=1,
7125	Cm=1,
7126	pstart=8.11e5,
7127	Tstart=1370,
7128	V=0.05,
7129	S=0.05,
7130	initOpt=ThermoPower.Choices.Init.Options.steadyState,
7131	HH=41.6e6) annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-72,20},{-32,
7132	60}}, rotation=0)));
7133	Gas.SourcePressure
7134	SourceP1(
7135	redeclare package Medium = Media.Air,
7136	p0=0.343e5,
7137	T=244.4) annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-188,-30},{-168,
7138	-10}}, rotation=0)));
7139	Gas.SinkPressure
7140	SinkP1(
7141	redeclare package Medium = Media.FlueGas,
7142	p0=1.52e5,
7143	T=800) annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{94,-10},{114,10}},
7144	rotation=0)));
7145	Gas.SourceMassFlow
7146	SourceW1(
7147	redeclare package Medium = Media.NaturalGas,
7148	w0=2.02,
7149	p0=811000,
7150	T=300,
7151	use_in_w0=true)
7152	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-100,70},{-80,90}},
7153	rotation=0)));
7154	Gas.PressDrop PressDrop1(
7155	redeclare package Medium = Media.FlueGas,
7156	FFtype=ThermoPower.Choices.PressDrop.FFtypes.OpPoint,
7157	wnom=102,
7158	rhonom=2,
7159	dpnom=26000,
7160	pstart=811000,
7161	Tstart=1370)
7162	annotation (Placement(transformation(
7163	origin={0,8},
7164	extent={{-10,-10},{10,10}},
7165	rotation=270)));
7166	Gas.PressDrop PressDrop2(
7167	pstart=8.3e5,
7168	FFtype=ThermoPower.Choices.PressDrop.FFtypes.OpPoint,
7169	A=1,
7170	redeclare package Medium = Media.Air,
7171	dpnom=0.19e5,
7172	wnom=100,
7173	rhonom=4.7,
7174	Tstart=600) annotation (Placement(transformation(
7175	origin={-104,10},
7176	extent={{-10,-10},{10,10}},
7177	rotation=90)));
7178	Modelica.Mechanics.Rotational.Sensors.PowerSensor powerSensor annotation (
7179	Placement(transformation(extent={{60,-70},{80,-50}}, rotation=0)));
7180	Modelica.Blocks.Continuous.FirstOrder gasFlowActuator(
7181	k=1,
7182	T=4,
7183	y_start=500,
7184	initType=Modelica.Blocks.Types.Init.SteadyState) annotation (Placement(
7185	transformation(extent={{-138,92},{-122,108}}, rotation=0)));
7186	Modelica.Blocks.Continuous.FirstOrder powerSensor1(
7187	k=1,
7188	T=1,
7189	y_start=56.8e6,
7190	initType=Modelica.Blocks.Types.Init.SteadyState) annotation (Placement(
7191	transformation(extent={{146,-118},{162,-102}}, rotation=0)));
7192	PowerPlants.HRSG.Components.StateReader_gas stateInletCC(
7193	redeclare package Medium = Media.Air) annotation (Placement(transformation(
7194	extent={{-100,30},{-80,50}}, rotation=0)));
7195	PowerPlants.HRSG.Components.StateReader_gas stateOutletCC(
7196	redeclare package Medium = Media.FlueGas) annotation (Placement(transformation(
7197	extent={{-24,30},{-4,50}}, rotation=0)));
7198	inner System system(allowFlowReversal=false)
7199	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{158,160},{178,180}})));
7200	equation
7201	connect(network.powerConnection, generator.powerConnection) annotation (
7202	Line(
7203	points={{148,-60},{129.2,-60}},
7204	pattern=LinePattern.None,
7205	thickness=0.5));
7206	connect(SourceW1.flange, CombustionChamber1.inf) annotation (Line(
7207	points={{-80,80},{-52,80},{-52,60}},
7208	color={159,159,223},
7209	thickness=0.5));
7210	connect(turbine.outlet, SinkP1.flange) annotation (Line(
7211	points={{48,-36},{48,0},{94,0}},
7212	color={159,159,223},
7213	thickness=0.5));
7214	connect(SourceP1.flange, compressor.inlet) annotation (Line(
7215	points={{-168,-20},{-152,-20},{-152,-36}},
7216	color={159,159,223},
7217	thickness=0.5));
7218	connect(PressDrop1.outlet, turbine.inlet) annotation (Line(
7219	points={{-1.83697e-015,-2},{-1.83697e-015,-36},{0,-36}},
7220	color={159,159,223},
7221	thickness=0.5));
7222	connect(compressor.outlet, PressDrop2.inlet) annotation (Line(
7223	points={{-104,-36},{-104,0}},
7224	color={159,159,223},
7225	thickness=0.5));
7226	connect(compressor.shaft_b, turbine.shaft_a) annotation (Line(
7227	points={{-110,-60},{6,-60}},
7228	color={0,0,0},
7229	thickness=0.5));
7230	connect(powerSensor.flange_a, turbine.shaft_b) annotation (Line(
7231	points={{60,-60},{42,-60}},
7232	color={0,0,0},
7233	thickness=0.5));
7234	connect(gasFlowActuator.u, fuelFlowRate) annotation (Line(points={
7235	{-139.6,100},{-166,100},{-166,0},{-200,0}}, color={0,0,127}));
7236	connect(gasFlowActuator.y, SourceW1.in_w0) annotation (Line(points={{-121.2,
7237	100},{-96,100},{-96,85}}, color={0,0,127}));
7238	connect(powerSensor.power, powerSensor1.u) annotation (Line(points={{62,-71},
7239	{62,-110},{144.4,-110}}, color={0,0,127}));
7240	connect(powerSensor1.y, generatedPower) annotation (Line(points={{162.8,-110},
7241	{184.4,-110},{184.4,0},{206,0}}, color={0,0,127}));
7242	connect(CombustionChamber1.ina, stateInletCC.outlet) annotation (Line(
7243	points={{-72,40},{-84,40}},
7244	color={159,159,223},
7245	thickness=0.5));
7246	connect(stateInletCC.inlet, PressDrop2.outlet) annotation (Line(
7247	points={{-96,40},{-104,40},{-104,20}},
7248	color={159,159,223},
7249	thickness=0.5));
7250	connect(stateOutletCC.inlet, CombustionChamber1.out) annotation (Line(
7251	points={{-20,40},{-32,40}},
7252	color={159,159,223},
7253	thickness=0.5));
7254	connect(stateOutletCC.outlet, PressDrop1.inlet) annotation (Line(
7255	points={{-8,40},{1.83697e-015,40},{1.83697e-015,18}},
7256	color={159,159,223},
7257	thickness=0.5));
7258	connect(generator.shaft, powerSensor.flange_b) annotation (Line(
7259	points={{94.8,-60},{80,-60}},
7260	color={0,0,0},
7261	thickness=0.5));
7262	annotation (
7263	Diagram(coordinateSystem(
7264	preserveAspectRatio=false,
7265	extent={{-200,-200},{200,200}},
7266	initialScale=0.1), graphics),
7267	Icon(coordinateSystem(
7268	preserveAspectRatio=false,
7269	extent={{-200,-200},{200,200}},
7270	initialScale=0.1), graphics={Rectangle(
7271	extent={{-200,200},{200,-200}},
7272	lineColor={170,170,255},
7273	fillColor={255,255,255},
7274	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid), Text(
7275	extent={{-140,140},{140,-140}},
7276	lineColor={170,170,255},
7277	textString="P")}),
7278	Documentation(revisions="<html>
7279	<ul>
7280	<li><i>10 Dec 2008</i>
7281	by <a>Luca Savoldelli</a>:<br>
7282	First release.</li>
7283	</ul>
7284	</html>", info="<html>
7285	<p>This model contains the gas turbine, generator and network models. The network model is based on swing equation.
7286	</html>"));
7287	end Plant;
7288
7289	model Plant2
7290	parameter Real tableEtaC[6, 4]=[0, 95, 100, 105; 1, 82.5e-2, 81e-2,
7291	80.5e-2; 2, 84e-2, 82.9e-2, 82e-2; 3, 83.2e-2, 82.2e-2, 81.5e-2; 4,
7292	82.5e-2, 81.2e-2, 79e-2; 5, 79.5e-2, 78e-2, 76.5e-2];
7293	parameter Real tablePhicC[6, 4]=[0, 95, 100, 105; 1, 38.3e-3, 43e-3,
7294	46.8e-3; 2, 39.3e-3, 43.8e-3, 47.9e-3; 3, 40.6e-3, 45.2e-3, 48.4e-3;
7295	4, 41.6e-3, 46.1e-3, 48.9e-3; 5, 42.3e-3, 46.6e-3, 49.3e-3];
7296	parameter Real tablePR[6, 4]=[0, 95, 100, 105; 1, 22.6, 27, 32; 2, 22,
7297	26.6, 30.8; 3, 20.8, 25.5, 29; 4, 19, 24.3, 27.1; 5, 17, 21.5, 24.2];
7298	parameter Real tablePhicT[5, 4]=[1, 90, 100, 110; 2.36, 4.68e-3, 4.68e-3,
7299	4.68e-3; 2.88, 4.68e-3, 4.68e-3, 4.68e-3; 3.56, 4.68e-3, 4.68e-3,
7300	4.68e-3; 4.46, 4.68e-3, 4.68e-3, 4.68e-3];
7301	parameter Real tableEtaT[5, 4]=[1, 90, 100, 110; 2.36, 89e-2, 89.5e-2,
7302	89.3e-2; 2.88, 90e-2, 90.6e-2, 90.5e-2; 3.56, 90.5e-2, 90.6e-2,
7303	90.5e-2; 4.46, 90.2e-2, 90.3e-2, 90e-2];
7304	Electrical.Generator generator(initOpt=ThermoPower.Choices.Init.Options.steadyState, J=30)
7305	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{92,-80},{132,-40}},
7306	rotation=0)));
7307	Electrical.NetworkGrid_Pmax network(
7308	deltaStart=0.4,
7309	initOpt=ThermoPower.Choices.Init.Options.steadyState,
7310	Pmax=10e6,
7311	J=30000) annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{148,-72},{172,-48}},
7312	rotation=0)));
7313	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput fuelFlowRate annotation (
7314	Placement(transformation(extent={{-210,-10},{-190,10}}, rotation=0)));
7315	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput generatedPower annotation (
7316	Placement(transformation(extent={{196,-10},{216,10}}, rotation=0)));
7317	Gas.Compressor compressor(
7318	redeclare package Medium = Media.Air,
7319	tablePhic=tablePhicC,
7320	tableEta=tableEtaC,
7321	pstart_in=0.343e5,
7322	pstart_out=8.3e5,
7323	Tstart_in=244.4,
7324	tablePR=tablePR,
7325	Table=ThermoPower.Choices.TurboMachinery.TableTypes.matrix,
7326	Tstart_out=600.4,
7327	explicitIsentropicEnthalpy=true,
7328	Tdes_in=244.4,
7329	Ndesign=157.08) annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-158,-90},
7330	{-98,-30}}, rotation=0)));
7331	Gas.Turbine turbine(
7332	redeclare package Medium = Media.FlueGas,
7333	pstart_in=7.85e5,
7334	pstart_out=1.52e5,
7335	tablePhic=tablePhicT,
7336	tableEta=tableEtaT,
7337	Table=ThermoPower.Choices.TurboMachinery.TableTypes.matrix,
7338	Tstart_out=800,
7339	Tdes_in=1400,
7340	Tstart_in=1370,
7341	Ndesign=157.08) annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-6,-90},{
7342	54,-30}}, rotation=0)));
7343	Gas.CombustionChamber CombustionChamber1(
7344	gamma=1,
7345	Cm=1,
7346	pstart=8.11e5,
7347	Tstart=1370,
7348	V=0.05,
7349	S=0.05,
7350	initOpt=ThermoPower.Choices.Init.Options.steadyState,
7351	HH=41.6e6) annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-72,20},{-32,
7352	60}}, rotation=0)));
7353	Gas.SourcePressure
7354	SourceP1(
7355	redeclare package Medium = Media.Air,
7356	p0=0.343e5,
7357	T=244.4) annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-188,-30},{-168,
7358	-10}}, rotation=0)));
7359	Gas.SinkPressure
7360	SinkP1(
7361	redeclare package Medium = Media.FlueGas,
7362	p0=1.52e5,
7363	T=800) annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{94,-10},{114,10}},
7364	rotation=0)));
7365	Gas.SourceMassFlow
7366	SourceW1(
7367	redeclare package Medium = Media.NaturalGas,
7368	w0=2.02,
7369	p0=811000,
7370	T=300,
7371	use_in_w0=true)
7372	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-100,70},{-80,90}},
7373	rotation=0)));
7374	Gas.PressDrop PressDrop1(
7375	redeclare package Medium = Media.FlueGas,
7376	FFtype=ThermoPower.Choices.PressDrop.FFtypes.OpPoint,
7377	wnom=102,
7378	rhonom=2,
7379	dpnom=26000,
7380	pstart=811000,
7381	Tstart=1370)
7382	annotation (Placement(transformation(
7383	origin={0,8},
7384	extent={{-10,-10},{10,10}},
7385	rotation=270)));
7386	Modelica.Mechanics.Rotational.Sensors.PowerSensor powerSensor annotation (
7387	Placement(transformation(extent={{60,-70},{80,-50}}, rotation=0)));
7388	Modelica.Blocks.Continuous.FirstOrder gasFlowActuator(
7389	k=1,
7390	T=4,
7391	y_start=500,
7392	initType=Modelica.Blocks.Types.Init.SteadyState) annotation (Placement(
7393	transformation(extent={{-138,92},{-122,108}}, rotation=0)));
7394	Modelica.Blocks.Continuous.FirstOrder powerSensor1(
7395	k=1,
7396	T=1,
7397	y_start=56.8e6,
7398	initType=Modelica.Blocks.Types.Init.SteadyState) annotation (Placement(
7399	transformation(extent={{146,-118},{162,-102}}, rotation=0)));
7400	PowerPlants.HRSG.Components.StateReader_gas stateInletCC(
7401	redeclare package Medium = Media.Air) annotation (Placement(transformation(
7402	extent={{-100,30},{-80,50}}, rotation=0)));
7403	PowerPlants.HRSG.Components.StateReader_gas stateOutletCC(
7404	redeclare package Medium = Media.FlueGas) annotation (Placement(transformation(
7405	extent={{-24,30},{-4,50}}, rotation=0)));
7406	inner System system(allowFlowReversal=false)
7407	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{158,160},{178,180}})));
7408	equation
7409	connect(network.powerConnection, generator.powerConnection) annotation (
7410	Line(
7411	points={{148,-60},{129.2,-60}},
7412	pattern=LinePattern.None,
7413	thickness=0.5));
7414	connect(SourceW1.flange, CombustionChamber1.inf) annotation (Line(
7415	points={{-80,80},{-52,80},{-52,60}},
7416	color={159,159,223},
7417	thickness=0.5));
7418	connect(turbine.outlet, SinkP1.flange) annotation (Line(
7419	points={{48,-36},{48,0},{94,0}},
7420	color={159,159,223},
7421	thickness=0.5));
7422	connect(SourceP1.flange, compressor.inlet) annotation (Line(
7423	points={{-168,-20},{-152,-20},{-152,-36}},
7424	color={159,159,223},
7425	thickness=0.5));
7426	connect(PressDrop1.outlet, turbine.inlet) annotation (Line(
7427	points={{-1.83697e-015,-2},{-1.83697e-015,-36},{0,-36}},
7428	color={159,159,223},
7429	thickness=0.5));
7430	connect(compressor.shaft_b, turbine.shaft_a) annotation (Line(
7431	points={{-110,-60},{6,-60}},
7432	color={0,0,0},
7433	thickness=0.5));
7434	connect(powerSensor.flange_a, turbine.shaft_b) annotation (Line(
7435	points={{60,-60},{42,-60}},
7436	color={0,0,0},
7437	thickness=0.5));
7438	connect(gasFlowActuator.u, fuelFlowRate) annotation (Line(points={
7439	{-139.6,100},{-166,100},{-166,0},{-200,0}}, color={0,0,127}));
7440	connect(gasFlowActuator.y, SourceW1.in_w0) annotation (Line(points={{-121.2,
7441	100},{-96,100},{-96,85}}, color={0,0,127}));
7442	connect(powerSensor.power, powerSensor1.u) annotation (Line(points={{62,-71},
7443	{62,-110},{144.4,-110}}, color={0,0,127}));
7444	connect(powerSensor1.y, generatedPower) annotation (Line(points={{162.8,-110},
7445	{184.4,-110},{184.4,0},{206,0}}, color={0,0,127}));
7446	connect(CombustionChamber1.ina, stateInletCC.outlet) annotation (Line(
7447	points={{-72,40},{-84,40}},
7448	color={159,159,223},
7449	thickness=0.5));
7450	connect(stateOutletCC.inlet, CombustionChamber1.out) annotation (Line(
7451	points={{-20,40},{-32,40}},
7452	color={159,159,223},
7453	thickness=0.5));
7454	connect(stateOutletCC.outlet, PressDrop1.inlet) annotation (Line(
7455	points={{-8,40},{1.83697e-015,40},{1.83697e-015,18}},
7456	color={159,159,223},
7457	thickness=0.5));
7458	connect(generator.shaft, powerSensor.flange_b) annotation (Line(
7459	points={{94.8,-60},{80,-60}},
7460	color={0,0,0},
7461	thickness=0.5));
7462	connect(compressor.outlet, stateInletCC.inlet) annotation (Line(
7463	points={{-104,-36},{-104,36},{-96,36},{-96,40}},
7464	color={159,159,223},
7465	smooth=Smooth.None));
7466	annotation (
7467	Diagram(coordinateSystem(
7468	preserveAspectRatio=false,
7469	extent={{-200,-200},{200,200}},
7470	initialScale=0.1), graphics),
7471	Icon(coordinateSystem(
7472	preserveAspectRatio=false,
7473	extent={{-200,-200},{200,200}},
7474	initialScale=0.1), graphics={Rectangle(
7475	extent={{-200,200},{200,-200}},
7476	lineColor={170,170,255},
7477	fillColor={255,255,255},
7478	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid), Text(
7479	extent={{-140,140},{140,-140}},
7480	lineColor={170,170,255},
7481	textString="P")}),
7482	Documentation(revisions="<html>
7483	<ul>
7484	<li><i>10 Dec 2008</i>
7485	by <a>Luca Savoldelli</a>:<br>
7486	First release.</li>
7487	</ul>
7488	</html>", info="<html>
7489	<p>This model contains the gas turbine, generator and network models. The network model is based on swing equation.
7490	</html>"));
7491	end Plant2;
7492
7493	model OpenLoopSimulator
7494
7495	Plant plant annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{20,-20},{60,20}},
7496	rotation=0)));
7497	Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Step fuelFlowRate(
7498	offset=2.02,
7499	height=0.3,
7500	startTime=500) annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-40,-10},{
7501	-20,10}}, rotation=0)));
7502	inner System system
7503	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{80,80},{100,100}})));
7504	equation
7505	connect(plant.fuelFlowRate, fuelFlowRate.y)
7506	annotation (Line(points={{20,0},{-19,0}}, color={0,0,127}));
7507	annotation (
7508	Diagram(graphics),
7509	experiment(
7510	StopTime=1000,
7511	__Dymola_NumberOfIntervals=5000,
7512	Tolerance=1e-006),
7513	Documentation(revisions="<html>
7514	<ul>
7515	<li><i>10 Dec 2008</i>
7516	by <a>Luca Savoldelli</a>:<br>
7517	First release.</li>
7518	</ul>
7519	</html>", info="<html>
7520	<p>This model allows to simulate an open loop transients.
7521	</html>"),__Dymola_experimentSetupOutput);
7522	end OpenLoopSimulator;
7523
7524	model OpenLoopSimulator2
7525
7526	Plant2 plant
7527	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{20,-20},{60,20}},
7528	rotation=0)));
7529	Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Step fuelFlowRate(
7530	offset=2.02,
7531	height=0.3,
7532	startTime=500) annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-40,-10},{
7533	-20,10}}, rotation=0)));
7534	inner System system
7535	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{80,80},{100,100}})));
7536	equation
7537	connect(plant.fuelFlowRate, fuelFlowRate.y)
7538	annotation (Line(points={{20,0},{-19,0}}, color={0,0,127}));
7539	annotation (
7540	Diagram(graphics),
7541	experiment(
7542	StopTime=1000,
7543	__Dymola_NumberOfIntervals=5000,
7544	Tolerance=1e-006),
7545	Documentation(revisions="<html>
7546	<ul>
7547	<li><i>10 Dec 2008</i>
7548	by <a>Luca Savoldelli</a>:<br>
7549	First release.</li>
7550	</ul>
7551	</html>", info="<html>
7552	<p>This model allows to simulate an open loop transients.
7553	</html>"),__Dymola_experimentSetupOutput);
7554	end OpenLoopSimulator2;
7555	annotation (Documentation(revisions="<html>
7556	<ul>
7557	<li><i>12 Dec 2008</i>
7558	by <a>Luca Savoldelli</a>:<br>
7559	Package created.</li>
7560	</ul>
7561	</html>", info="<html>
7562	<p>This package contains models of a open Brayton cycle and its main components.
7563	</html>"));
7564	end BraytonCycle;
7565	end Examples;
7566
7567	package Gas "Models of components with ideal gases as working fluid"
7568
7569	connector Flange "Flange connector for gas flows"
7570	replaceable package Medium = Modelica.Media.Interfaces.PartialMedium;
7571	flow Medium.MassFlowRate m_flow
7572	"Mass flow rate from the connection point into the component";
7573	Medium.AbsolutePressure p
7574	"Thermodynamic pressure in the connection point";
7575	stream Medium.SpecificEnthalpy h_outflow
7576	"Specific thermodynamic enthalpy close to the connection point if m_flow < 0";
7577	stream Medium.MassFraction Xi_outflow[Medium.nXi]
7578	"Independent mixture mass fractions m_i/m close to the connection point if m_flow < 0";
7579	stream Medium.ExtraProperty C_outflow[Medium.nC]
7580	"Properties c_i/m close to the connection point if m_flow < 0";
7581	annotation (Icon(graphics), Documentation(info="<HTML>
7582	</HTML>", revisions="<html>
7583	<ul>
7584	<li><i>20 Dec 2004</i>
7585	by <a href=\"mailto:francesco.casella@polimi.it\">Francesco Casella</a>:<br>
7586	Adapted to Modelica.Media.</li>
7587	<li><i>5 Mar 2004</i>
7588	by <a href=\"mailto:francesco.casella@polimi.it\">Francesco Casella</a>:<br>
7589	First release.</li>
7590	</ul>
7591	</html>"));
7592	end Flange;
7593
7594	connector FlangeA "A-type flange connector for gas flows"
7595	extends Flange;
7596	annotation (Icon(graphics={Ellipse(
7597	extent={{-100,100},{100,-100}},
7598	lineColor={159,159,223},
7599	fillColor={159,159,223},
7600	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid)}));
7601	end FlangeA;
7602
7603	connector FlangeB "B-type flange connector for gas flows"
7604	extends Flange;
7605	annotation (Icon(graphics={Ellipse(
7606	extent={{-100,100},{100,-100}},
7607	lineColor={159,159,223},
7608	fillColor={159,159,223},
7609	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid), Ellipse(
7610	extent={{-40,40},{40,-40}},
7611	lineColor={159,159,223},
7612	fillColor={255,255,255},
7613	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid)}));
7614	end FlangeB;
7615	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
7616
7617	model SourcePressure "Pressure source for gas flows"
7618	extends Icons.Gas.SourceP;
7619	replaceable package Medium = Modelica.Media.Interfaces.PartialMedium
7620	annotation(choicesAllMatching = true);
7621	Medium.BaseProperties gas(
7622	p(start=p0),
7623	T(start=T),
7624	Xi(start=Xnom[1:Medium.nXi]));
7625	parameter Pressure p0=101325 "Nominal pressure";
7626	parameter HydraulicResistance R=0 "Hydraulic resistance";
7627	parameter AbsoluteTemperature T=300 "Nominal temperature";
7628	parameter MassFraction Xnom[Medium.nX]=Medium.reference_X
7629	"Nominal gas composition";
7630	parameter Boolean allowFlowReversal=system.allowFlowReversal
7631	"= true to allow flow reversal, false restricts to design direction";
7632	parameter Boolean use_in_p0 = false
7633	"Use connector input for the pressure" annotation(Dialog(group="External inputs"));
7634	parameter Boolean use_in_T = false
7635	"Use connector input for the temperature" annotation(Dialog(group="External inputs"));
7636	parameter Boolean use_in_X = false
7637	"Use connector input for the composition" annotation(Dialog(group="External inputs"));
7638
7639	outer ThermoPower.System system "System wide properties";
7640
7641	FlangeB flange(redeclare package Medium = Medium, m_flow(max=if
7642	allowFlowReversal then +Modelica.Constants.inf else 0)) annotation (
7643	Placement(transformation(extent={{80,-20},{120,20}}, rotation=0)));
7644	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput in_p0 if use_in_p0 annotation (Placement(
7645	transformation(
7646	origin={-60,64},
7647	extent={{-10,-10},{10,10}},
7648	rotation=270)));
7649	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput in_T if use_in_T annotation (Placement(
7650	transformation(
7651	origin={0,90},
7652	extent={{-10,-10},{10,10}},
7653	rotation=270)));
7654	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput in_X[Medium.nX] if use_in_X annotation (Placement(
7655	transformation(
7656	origin={60,62},
7657	extent={{-10,-10},{10,10}},
7658	rotation=270)));
7659	protected
7660	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput in_p0_internal;
7661	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput in_T_internal;
7662	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput in_X_internal[Medium.nX];
7663
7664	equation
7665	if R == 0 then
7666	flange.p = gas.p;
7667	else
7668	flange.p = gas.p + flange.m_flow*R;
7669	end if;
7670
7671	gas.p = in_p0_internal;
7672	if not use_in_p0 then
7673	in_p0_internal = p0 "Pressure set by parameter";
7674	end if;
7675
7676	gas.T = in_T_internal;
7677	if not use_in_T then
7678	in_T_internal = T "Temperature set by parameter";
7679	end if;
7680
7681	gas.Xi = in_X_internal[1:Medium.nXi];
7682	if not use_in_X then
7683	in_X_internal = Xnom "Composition set by parameter";
7684	end if;
7685
7686	flange.h_outflow = gas.h;
7687	flange.Xi_outflow = gas.Xi;
7688
7689	// Connect protected connectors to public conditional connectors
7690	connect(in_p0, in_p0_internal);
7691	connect(in_T, in_T_internal);
7692	connect(in_X, in_X_internal);
7693	annotation (
7694	Icon(graphics),
7695	Diagram(graphics),
7696	Documentation(info="<html>
7697	<p><b>Modelling options</b></p>
7698	<p>The actual gas used in the component is determined by the replaceable <tt>Medium</tt> package.In the case of multiple componet, variable composition gases, the nominal gas composition is given by <tt>Xnom</tt>, whose default value is <tt>Medium.reference_X</tt> .
7699	<p>If <tt>R</tt> is set to zero, the pressure source is ideal; otherwise, the outlet pressure decreases proportionally to the outgoing flowrate.</p>
7700	<p>If the <tt>in_p</tt> connector is wired, then the source pressure is given by the corresponding signal, otherwise it is fixed to <tt>p0</tt>.</p>
7701	<p>If the <tt>in_T</tt> connector is wired, then the source temperature is given by the corresponding signal, otherwise it is fixed to <tt>T</tt>.</p>
7702	<p>If the <tt>in_X</tt> connector is wired, then the source massfraction is given by the corresponding signal, otherwise it is fixed to <tt>Xnom</tt>.</p>
7703	</html>", revisions="<html>
7704	<ul>
7705	<li><i>19 Nov 2004</i>
7706	by <a href=\"mailto:francesco.casella@polimi.it\">Francesco Casella</a>:<br>
7707	Removed <tt>p0fix</tt> and <tt>Tfix</tt> and <tt>Xfix</tt>; the connection of external signals is now detected automatically.</li> <br> Adapted to Modelica.Media
7708	<li><i>1 Oct 2003</i>
7709	by <a href=\"mailto:francesco.casella@polimi.it\">Francesco Casella</a>:<br>
7710	First release.</li>
7711	</ul>
7712	</html>
7713	"));
7714	end SourcePressure;
7715
7716	model SinkPressure "Pressure sink for gas flows"
7717	extends Icons.Gas.SourceP;
7718	replaceable package Medium = Modelica.Media.Interfaces.PartialMedium
7719	annotation(choicesAllMatching = true);
7720	Medium.BaseProperties gas(
7721	p(start=p0),
7722	T(start=T),
7723	Xi(start=Xnom[1:Medium.nXi]));
7724	parameter Pressure p0=101325 "Nominal pressure";
7725	parameter AbsoluteTemperature T=300 "Nominal temperature";
7726	parameter MassFraction Xnom[Medium.nX]=Medium.reference_X
7727	"Nominal gas composition";
7728	parameter HydraulicResistance R=0 "Hydraulic Resistance";
7729	parameter Boolean allowFlowReversal=system.allowFlowReversal
7730	"= true to allow flow reversal, false restricts to design direction";
7731	parameter Boolean use_in_p0 = false
7732	"Use connector input for the pressure" annotation(Dialog(group="External inputs"));
7733	parameter Boolean use_in_T = false
7734	"Use connector input for the temperature" annotation(Dialog(group="External inputs"));
7735	parameter Boolean use_in_X = false
7736	"Use connector input for the composition" annotation(Dialog(group="External inputs"));
7737
7738	outer ThermoPower.System system "System wide properties";
7739
7740	FlangeA flange(redeclare package Medium = Medium, m_flow(min=if
7741	allowFlowReversal then -Modelica.Constants.inf else 0)) annotation (
7742	Placement(transformation(extent={{-120,-20},{-80,20}}, rotation=0)));
7743	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput in_p0 if use_in_p0 annotation (Placement(
7744	transformation(
7745	origin={-64.5,59.5},
7746	extent={{-12.5,-12.5},{12.5,12.5}},
7747	rotation=270)));
7748	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput in_T if use_in_T annotation (Placement(
7749	transformation(
7750	origin={0,90},
7751	extent={{-10,-12},{10,12}},
7752	rotation=270)));
7753	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput in_X[Medium.nX] if use_in_X annotation (Placement(
7754	transformation(
7755	origin={66,59},
7756	extent={{-13,-14},{13,14}},
7757	rotation=270)));
7758	protected
7759	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput in_p0_internal;
7760	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput in_T_internal;
7761	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput in_X_internal[Medium.nX];
7762	equation
7763	if R == 0 then
7764	flange.p = gas.p;
7765	else
7766	flange.p = gas.p + flange.m_flow*R;
7767	end if;
7768
7769	gas.p = in_p0_internal;
7770	if not use_in_p0 then
7771	in_p0_internal = p0 "Pressure set by parameter";
7772	end if;
7773
7774	gas.T = in_T_internal;
7775	if not use_in_T then
7776	in_T_internal = T "Temperature set by parameter";
7777	end if;
7778
7779	gas.Xi = in_X_internal[1:Medium.nXi];
7780	if not use_in_X then
7781	in_X_internal = Xnom "Composition set by parameter";
7782	end if;
7783
7784	flange.h_outflow = gas.h;
7785	flange.Xi_outflow = gas.Xi;
7786
7787	// Connect protected connectors to public conditional connectors
7788	connect(in_p0, in_p0_internal);
7789	connect(in_T, in_T_internal);
7790	connect(in_X, in_X_internal);
7791
7792	annotation (Documentation(info="<html>
7793	<p><b>Modelling options</b></p>
7794	<p>The actual gas used in the component is determined by the replaceable <tt>Medium</tt> package. In the case of multiple component, variable composition gases, the nominal gas composition is given by <tt>Xnom</tt>, whose default value is <tt>Medium.reference_X</tt> .
7795	<p>If <tt>R</tt> is set to zero, the pressure sink is ideal; otherwise, the inlet pressure increases proportionally to the outgoing flowrate.</p>
7796	<p>If the <tt>in_p</tt> connector is wired, then the source pressure is given by the corresponding signal, otherwise it is fixed to <tt>p0</tt>.</p>
7797	<p>If the <tt>in_T</tt> connector is wired, then the source temperature is given by the corresponding signal, otherwise it is fixed to <tt>T</tt>.</p>
7798	<p>If the <tt>in_X</tt> connector is wired, then the source massfraction is given by the corresponding signal, otherwise it is fixed to <tt>Xnom</tt>.</p>
7799	</html>", revisions="<html>
7800	<ul>
7801	<li><i>19 Nov 2004</i>
7802	by <a href=\"mailto:francesco.casella@polimi.it\">Francesco Casella</a>:<br>
7803	Removed <tt>p0fix</tt> and <tt>Tfix</tt> and <tt>Xfix</tt>; the connection of external signals is now detected automatically.</li>
7804	<br> Adapted to Modelica.Media
7805	<li><i>1 Oct 2003</i>
7806	by <a href=\"mailto:francesco.casella@polimi.it\">Francesco Casella</a>:<br>
7807	First release.</li>
7808	</ul>
7809	</html>"));
7810	end SinkPressure;
7811
7812	model SourceMassFlow "Flow rate source for gas flows"
7813	extends Icons.Gas.SourceW;
7814	replaceable package Medium = Modelica.Media.Interfaces.PartialMedium
7815	annotation(choicesAllMatching = true);
7816	Medium.BaseProperties gas(
7817	p(start=p0),
7818	T(start=T),
7819	Xi(start=Xnom[1:Medium.nXi]));
7820	parameter Pressure p0=101325 "Nominal pressure";
7821	parameter AbsoluteTemperature T=300 "Nominal temperature";
7822	parameter MassFraction Xnom[Medium.nX]=Medium.reference_X
7823	"Nominal gas composition";
7824	parameter MassFlowRate w0=0 "Nominal mass flowrate";
7825	parameter HydraulicConductance G=0 "HydraulicConductance";
7826	parameter Boolean allowFlowReversal=system.allowFlowReversal
7827	"= true to allow flow reversal, false restricts to design direction";
7828	parameter Boolean use_in_w0 = false
7829	"Use connector input for the nominal flow rate" annotation(Dialog(group="External inputs"));
7830	parameter Boolean use_in_T = false
7831	"Use connector input for the temperature" annotation(Dialog(group="External inputs"));
7832	parameter Boolean use_in_X = false
7833	"Use connector input for the composition" annotation(Dialog(group="External inputs"));
7834	outer ThermoPower.System system "System wide properties";
7835
7836	MassFlowRate w "Nominal mass flow rate";
7837
7838	FlangeB flange(redeclare package Medium = Medium, m_flow(max=if
7839	allowFlowReversal then +Modelica.Constants.inf else 0)) annotation (
7840	Placement(transformation(extent={{80,-20},{120,20}}, rotation=0)));
7841	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput in_w0 if use_in_w0 annotation (Placement(
7842	transformation(
7843	origin={-60,50},
7844	extent={{-10,-10},{10,10}},
7845	rotation=270)));
7846	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput in_T if use_in_T annotation (Placement(
7847	transformation(
7848	origin={0,50},
7849	extent={{10,-10},{-10,10}},
7850	rotation=90)));
7851	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput in_X[Medium.nX] if use_in_X annotation (Placement(
7852	transformation(
7853	origin={60,50},
7854	extent={{-10,-10},{10,10}},
7855	rotation=270)));
7856	protected
7857	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput in_w0_internal;
7858	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput in_T_internal;
7859	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput in_X_internal[Medium.nX];
7860
7861	equation
7862	if G == 0 then
7863	flange.m_flow = -w;
7864	else
7865	flange.m_flow = -w + (flange.p - p0)*G;
7866	end if;
7867
7868	w = in_w0_internal;
7869
7870	if not use_in_w0 then
7871	in_w0_internal = w0 "Flow rate set by parameter";
7872	end if;
7873
7874	gas.T = in_T_internal;
7875	if not use_in_T then
7876	in_T_internal = T "Temperature set by parameter";
7877	end if;
7878
7879	gas.Xi = in_X_internal[1:Medium.nXi];
7880	if not use_in_X then
7881	in_X_internal = Xnom "Composition set by parameter";
7882	end if;
7883
7884	flange.p = gas.p;
7885	flange.h_outflow = gas.h;
7886	flange.Xi_outflow = gas.Xi;
7887
7888	// Connect protected connectors to public conditional connectors
7889	connect(in_w0, in_w0_internal);
7890	connect(in_T, in_T_internal);
7891	connect(in_X, in_X_internal);
7892
7893	annotation (Documentation(info="<html>
7894	<p><b>Modelling options</b></p>
7895	<p>The actual gas used in the component is determined by the replaceable <tt>Medium</tt> package. In the case of multiple component, variable composition gases, the nominal gas composition is given by <tt>Xnom</tt>,whose default value is <tt>Medium.reference_X</tt> .
7896	<p>If <tt>G</tt> is set to zero, the flowrate source is ideal; otherwise, the outgoing flowrate decreases proportionally to the outlet pressure.</p>
7897	<p>If the <tt>in_w0</tt> connector is wired, then the source massflowrate is given by the corresponding signal, otherwise it is fixed to <tt>w0</tt>.</p>
7898	<p>If the <tt>in_T</tt> connector is wired, then the source temperature is given by the corresponding signal, otherwise it is fixed to <tt>T</tt>.</p>
7899	<p>If the <tt>in_X</tt> connector is wired, then the source massfraction is given by the corresponding signal, otherwise it is fixed to <tt>Xnom</tt>.</p>
7900	</html>", revisions="<html>
7901	<ul>
7902	<li><i>19 Nov 2004</i>
7903	by <a href=\"mailto:francesco.casella@polimi.it\">Francesco Casella</a>:<br>
7904	Removed <tt>w0fix</tt> and <tt>Tfix</tt> and <tt>Xfix</tt>; the connection of external signals is now detected automatically.</li> <br> Adapted to Modelica.Media
7905	<li><i>1 Oct 2003</i>
7906	by <a href=\"mailto:francesco.casella@polimi.it\">Francesco Casella</a>:<br>
7907	First release.</li>
7908	</ul>
7909	</html>"), Diagram(graphics));
7910	end SourceMassFlow;
7911
7912	model PressDrop "Pressure drop for gas flows"
7913	extends Icons.Gas.Tube;
7914	replaceable package Medium = Modelica.Media.Interfaces.PartialMedium
7915	annotation(choicesAllMatching = true);
7916	Medium.BaseProperties gas(
7917	p(start=pstart),
7918	T(start=Tstart),
7919	Xi(start=Xstart[1:Medium.nXi]));
7920	parameter MassFlowRate wnom "Nominal mass flowrate";
7921	parameter Pressure dpnom "Nominal pressure drop";
7922	parameter ThermoPower.Choices.PressDrop.FFtypes FFtype= ThermoPower.Choices.PressDrop.FFtypes.Kf
7923	"Friction factor type";
7924	parameter Real Kf = 0
7925	"Hydraulic resistance coefficient (DP = Kf*w^2/rho)"
7926	annotation(Dialog(enable = (FFtype == ThermoPower.Choices.PressDrop.FFtypes.Kf)));
7927	parameter Density rhonom=0 "Nominal density"
7928	annotation(Dialog(enable = (FFtype == ThermoPower.Choices.PressDrop.FFtypes.OpPoint)));
7929	parameter Real K=0
7930	"Kinetic resistance coefficient (DP=Krhovelocity2/2)"
7931	annotation(Dialog(enable = (FFtype == ThermoPower.Choices.PressDrop.FFtypes.Kinetic)));
7932	parameter Area A=0 "Cross-section"
7933	annotation(Dialog(enable = (FFtype == ThermoPower.Choices.PressDrop.FFtypes.Kinetic)));
7934	parameter Real wnf=0.01
7935	"Fraction of nominal flow rate at which linear friction equals turbulent friction";
7936	parameter Real Kfc=1 "Friction factor correction coefficient";
7937	final parameter Real Kf_a(fixed = false)
7938	"Actual hydraulic resistance coefficient";
7939	parameter Boolean allowFlowReversal=system.allowFlowReversal
7940	"= true to allow flow reversal, false restricts to design direction";
7941	outer ThermoPower.System system "System wide properties";
7942	parameter Pressure pstart=101325 "Start pressure value"
7943	annotation (Dialog(tab="Initialisation"));
7944	parameter AbsoluteTemperature Tstart=300 "Start temperature value"
7945	annotation (Dialog(tab="Initialisation"));
7946	parameter MassFraction Xstart[Medium.nX]=Medium.reference_X
7947	"Start gas composition" annotation (Dialog(tab="Initialisation"));
7948	function squareReg = ThermoPower.Functions.squareReg;
7949	MassFlowRate w "Mass flow rate in the inlet";
7950	Pressure pin "Inlet pressure";
7951	Pressure pout "Outlet pressure";
7952	Pressure dp "Pressure drop";
7953
7954	FlangeA inlet(redeclare package Medium = Medium, m_flow(start=wnom, min=if
7955	allowFlowReversal then -Modelica.Constants.inf else 0)) annotation (
7956	Placement(transformation(extent={{-120,-20},{-80,20}}, rotation=0)));
7957	FlangeB outlet(redeclare package Medium = Medium, m_flow(start=-wnom, max=
7958	if allowFlowReversal then +Modelica.Constants.inf else 0))
7959	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{80,-20},{120,20}}, rotation=
7960	0)));
7961	initial equation
7962	if FFtype == ThermoPower.Choices.PressDrop.FFtypes.Kf then
7963	Kf_a = Kf*Kfc;
7964	elseif FFtype == ThermoPower.Choices.PressDrop.FFtypes.OpPoint then
7965	Kf_a = dpnomrhonom/wnom^2Kfc;
7966	elseif FFtype == ThermoPower.Choices.PressDrop.FFtypes.Kinetic then
7967	Kf_a = K/(2A^2)Kfc;
7968	else
7969	Kf_a = 0;
7970	assert(false, "Unsupported FFtype");
7971	end if;
7972	equation
7973	assert(dpnom > 0,
7974	"dpnom=0 not supported, it is also used in the homotopy trasformation during the inizialization");
7975	// Set fluid properties
7976	gas.p = homotopy(if not allowFlowReversal then pin else if inlet.m_flow >=
7977	0 then pin else pout, pin);
7978	gas.h = homotopy(if not allowFlowReversal then inStream(inlet.h_outflow)
7979	else actualStream(inlet.h_outflow), inStream(inlet.h_outflow));
7980	gas.Xi = homotopy(if not allowFlowReversal then inStream(inlet.Xi_outflow)
7981	else actualStream(inlet.Xi_outflow), inStream(inlet.Xi_outflow));
7982
7983	pin - pout = homotopy(smooth(1, KfsquareReg(w, wnomwnf))/gas.d, dpnom/
7984	wnom*w) "Flow characteristics";
7985
7986	//Boundary conditions
7987	w = inlet.m_flow;
7988	pin = inlet.p;
7989	pout = outlet.p;
7990	dp = pin - pout;
7991
7992	// Mass balance
7993	inlet.m_flow + outlet.m_flow = 0;
7994
7995	// Energy balance
7996	inlet.h_outflow = inStream(outlet.h_outflow);
7997	inStream(inlet.h_outflow) = outlet.h_outflow;
7998
7999	// Independent component mass balances
8000	inlet.Xi_outflow = inStream(outlet.Xi_outflow);
8001	inStream(inlet.Xi_outflow) = outlet.Xi_outflow;
8002	annotation (
8003	Icon(graphics={Text(extent={{-100,-40},{100,-80}}, textString="%name")}),
8004	Diagram(graphics),
8005	Documentation(info="<html>
8006	<p>The pressure drop across the inlet and outlet connectors is computed according to a turbulent friction model, i.e. is proportional to the squared velocity of the fluid. The friction coefficient can be specified directly, or by giving an operating point, or as a multiple of the kinetic pressure. The correction coefficient <tt>Kfc</tt> can be used to modify the friction coefficient, e.g. to fit some experimental operating point.</p>
8007	<p>A small linear pressure drop is added to avoid numerical singularities at low or zero flowrate. The <tt>wnom</tt> parameter must be always specified; the additional linear pressure drop is such that it is equal to the turbulent pressure drop when the flowrate is equal to <tt>wnf*wnom</tt> (the default value is 1% of the nominal flowrate).
8008	<p><b>Modelling options</b></p>
8009	<p>The actual gas used in the component is determined by the replaceable <tt>Medium</tt> package. In the case of multiple component, variable composition gases, the start composition is given by <tt>Xstart</tt>, whose default value is <tt>Medium.reference_X</tt>.
8010	<p>The following options are available to specify the friction coefficient:
8011	<ul><li><tt>FFtype = 0</tt>: the hydraulic friction coefficient <tt>Kf</tt> is used directly.</li>
8012	<li><tt>FFtype = 1</tt>: the hydraulic friction coefficient is specified by the nominal operating point (<tt>wnom</tt>,<tt>dpnom</tt>, <tt>rhonom</tt>).</li>
8013	<li><tt>FFtype = 2</tt>: the pressure drop is <tt>K</tt> times the kinetic pressure.</li></ul>
8014	</html>", revisions="<html>
8015	<ul>
8016	<li><i>19 Nov 2004</i>
8017	by <a href=\"mailto:francesco.casella@polimi.it\">Francesco Casella</a>:<br>
8018	Adapted to Modelica.Media.</li>
8019	<br> <tt>Kfnom</tt> removed, <tt>Kf</tt> can now be set directly.</li>
8020	<li><i>5 Mar 2004</i>
8021	by <a href=\"mailto:francesco.casella@polimi.it\">Francesco Casella</a>:<br>
8022	First release.</li>
8023	</ul>
8024	</html>"));
8025	end PressDrop;
8026
8027	partial model CombustionChamberBase "Combustion Chamber"
8028	extends Icons.Gas.Mixer;
8029	replaceable package Air = Modelica.Media.Interfaces.PartialMedium;
8030	replaceable package Fuel = Modelica.Media.Interfaces.PartialMedium;
8031	replaceable package Exhaust = Modelica.Media.Interfaces.PartialMedium;
8032	parameter Volume V "Inner volume";
8033	parameter Area S=0 "Inner surface";
8034	parameter CoefficientOfHeatTransfer gamma=0 "Heat Transfer Coefficient"
8035	annotation (Evaluate=true);
8036	parameter HeatCapacity Cm=0 "Metal Heat Capacity" annotation (Evaluate=true);
8037	parameter Temperature Tmstart=300 "Metal wall start temperature"
8038	annotation (Dialog(tab="Initialisation"));
8039	parameter SpecificEnthalpy HH "Lower Heating value of fuel";
8040	parameter Boolean allowFlowReversal=system.allowFlowReversal
8041	"= true to allow flow reversal, false restricts to design direction";
8042	outer ThermoPower.System system "System wide properties";
8043	parameter Pressure pstart=101325 "Pressure start value"
8044	annotation (Dialog(tab="Initialisation"));
8045	parameter AbsoluteTemperature Tstart=300 "Temperature start value"
8046	annotation (Dialog(tab="Initialisation"));
8047	parameter MassFraction Xstart[Exhaust.nX]=Exhaust.reference_X
8048	"Start flue gas composition" annotation (Dialog(tab="Initialisation"));
8049	parameter Choices.Init.Options initOpt=Choices.Init.Options.noInit
8050	"Initialisation option" annotation (Dialog(tab="Initialisation"));
8051	Exhaust.BaseProperties fluegas(
8052	p(start=pstart),
8053	T(start=Tstart),
8054	Xi(start=Xstart[1:Exhaust.nXi]));
8055	Mass M "Gas total mass";
8056	Mass MX[Exhaust.nXi] "Partial flue gas masses";
8057	InternalEnergy E "Gas total energy";
8058	AbsoluteTemperature Tm(start=Tmstart) "Wall temperature";
8059	Air.SpecificEnthalpy hia "Air specific enthalpy";
8060	Fuel.SpecificEnthalpy hif "Fuel specific enthalpy";
8061	Exhaust.SpecificEnthalpy ho "Outlet specific enthalpy";
8062	Power HR "Heat rate";
8063
8064	Time Tr "Residence time";
8065	FlangeA ina(redeclare package Medium = Air, m_flow(min=if allowFlowReversal
8066	then -Modelica.Constants.inf else 0)) "inlet air" annotation (
8067	Placement(transformation(extent={{-120,-20},{-80,20}}, rotation=0)));
8068	FlangeA inf(redeclare package Medium = Fuel, m_flow(min=if
8069	allowFlowReversal then -Modelica.Constants.inf else 0))
8070	"inlet fuel" annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-20,80},{20,
8071	120}}, rotation=0)));
8072	FlangeB out(redeclare package Medium = Exhaust, m_flow(max=if
8073	allowFlowReversal then +Modelica.Constants.inf else 0))
8074	"flue gas"
8075	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{80,-20},{120,20}}, rotation=
8076	0)));
8077	equation
8078	M = fluegas.d*V "Gas mass";
8079	E = fluegas.u*M "Gas energy";
8080	MX = fluegas.Xi*M "Component masses";
8081	HR = inf.m_flow*HH;
8082	der(M) = ina.m_flow + inf.m_flow + out.m_flow "Gas mass balance";
8083	der(E) = ina.m_flowhia + inf.m_flowhif + out.m_flowho + HR - gammaS*(
8084	fluegas.T - Tm) "Gas energy balance";
8085	if Cm > 0 and gamma > 0 then
8086	Cmder(Tm) = gammaS*(fluegas.T - Tm) "Metal wall energy balance";
8087	else
8088	Tm = fluegas.T;
8089	end if;
8090
8091	// Set gas properties
8092	out.p = fluegas.p;
8093	out.h_outflow = fluegas.h;
8094	out.Xi_outflow = fluegas.Xi;
8095
8096	// Boundary conditions
8097	ina.p = fluegas.p;
8098	ina.h_outflow = 0;
8099	ina.Xi_outflow = Air.reference_X[1:Air.nXi];
8100	inf.p = fluegas.p;
8101	inf.h_outflow = 0;
8102	inf.Xi_outflow = Fuel.reference_X[1:Fuel.nXi];
8103	assert(ina.m_flow >= 0, "The model does not support flow reversal");
8104	hia = inStream(ina.h_outflow);
8105	assert(inf.m_flow >= 0, "The model does not support flow reversal");
8106	hif = inStream(inf.h_outflow);
8107	assert(out.m_flow <= 0, "The model does not support flow reversal");
8108	ho = fluegas.h;
8109
8110	Tr = noEvent(M/max(abs(out.m_flow), Modelica.Constants.eps));
8111	initial equation
8112	// Initial conditions
8113	if initOpt == Choices.Init.Options.noInit then
8114	// do nothing
8115	elseif initOpt == Choices.Init.Options.steadyState then
8116	der(fluegas.p) = 0;
8117	der(fluegas.T) = 0;
8118	der(fluegas.Xi) = zeros(Exhaust.nXi);
8119	if (Cm > 0 and gamma > 0) then
8120	der(Tm) = 0;
8121	end if;
8122	elseif initOpt == Choices.Init.Options.steadyStateNoP then
8123	der(fluegas.T) = 0;
8124	der(fluegas.Xi) = zeros(Exhaust.nXi);
8125	if (Cm > 0 and gamma > 0) then
8126	der(Tm) = 0;
8127	end if;
8128	else
8129	assert(false, "Unsupported initialisation option");
8130	end if;
8131
8132	annotation (Documentation(info="<html>
8133	This is the model-base of a Combustion Chamber, with a constant volume.
8134	<p>The metal wall temperature and the heat transfer coefficient between the wall and the fluid are uniform. The wall is thermally insulated from the outside. It has been assumed that inlet gases are premixed before entering in the volume.
8135	<p><b>Modelling options</b></p>
8136	<p>This model has three different Medium models to characterize the inlet air, fuel, and flue gas exhaust.
8137	<p>If <tt>gamma = 0</tt>, the thermal effects of the surrounding walls are neglected.
8138	</p>
8139	</html>", revisions="<html>
8140	<ul>
8141	<li><i>30 May 2005</i>
8142	by <a href=\"mailto:francesco.casella@polimi.it\">Francesco Casella</a>:<br>
8143	Initialisation support added.</li>
8144	<li><i>31 Jan 2005</i>
8145	by <a href=\"mailto:francesco.casella@polimi.it\">Francesco Casella</a>:<br>
8146	CombustionChamber model restructured using inheritance.
8147	<p> First release.</li>
8148	</ul>
8149	</html>
8150	"), Diagram(graphics));
8151	end CombustionChamberBase;
8152
8153	model CombustionChamber "Combustion Chamber"
8154	extends CombustionChamberBase(
8155	redeclare package Air = Media.Air "O2, H2O, Ar, N2",
8156	redeclare package Fuel = Media.NaturalGas "N2, CO2, CH4",
8157	redeclare package Exhaust = Media.FlueGas "O2, Ar, H2O, CO2, N2");
8158	Real wcomb(final quantity="MolarFlowRate", unit="mol/s")
8159	"Molar Combustion rate (CH4)";
8160	Real lambda
8161	"Stoichiometric ratio (>1 if air flow is greater than stoichiometric)";
8162	protected
8163	Real ina_X[Air.nXi]=inStream(ina.Xi_outflow);
8164	Real inf_X[Fuel.nXi]=inStream(inf.Xi_outflow);
8165
8166	equation
8167	wcomb = inf.m_flow*inf_X[3]/Fuel.data[3].MM "Combustion molar flow rate";
8168	lambda = (ina.m_flowina_X[1]/Air.data[1].MM)/(2wcomb);
8169	assert(lambda >= 1, "Not enough oxygen flow");
8170	der(MX[1]) = ina.m_flowina_X[1] + out.m_flowfluegas.X[1] - 2wcomb
8171	Exhaust.data[1].MM "oxygen";
8172	der(MX[2]) = ina.m_flowina_X[3] + out.m_flowfluegas.X[2] "argon";
8173	der(MX[3]) = ina.m_flowina_X[2] + out.m_flowfluegas.X[3] + 2wcomb
8174	Exhaust.data[3].MM "water";
8175	der(MX[4]) = inf.m_flowinf_X[2] + out.m_flowfluegas.X[4] + wcomb*Exhaust.data[
8176	4].MM "carbondioxide";
8177	der(MX[5]) = ina.m_flowina_X[4] + out.m_flowfluegas.X[5] + inf.m_flow*
8178	inf_X[1] "nitrogen";
8179	annotation (Icon(graphics), Documentation(info="<html>
8180	This model extends the CombustionChamber Base model, with the definition of the gases.
8181	<p>In particular, the air inlet uses the <tt>Media.Air</tt> medium model, the fuel input uses the <tt>Media.NaturalGas</tt> medium model, and the flue gas outlet uses the <tt>Medium.FlueGas</tt> medium model.
8182	<p>The composition of the outgoing gas is determined by the mass balance of every component, taking into account the combustion reaction CH4+2O2--->2H2O+CO2.</p>
8183	<p>The model assumes complete combustion, so that it is only valid if the oxygen flow at the air inlet is greater than the stoichiometric flow corresponding to the flow at the fuel inlet.</p>
8184
8185	</html>", revisions="<html>
8186	<ul>
8187	<li><i>31 Jan 2005</i>
8188	by <a href=\"mailto:francesco.casella@polimi.it\">Francesco Casella</a>:<br>
8189	Combustion Chamber model restructured using inheritance.
8190	<p> First release.
8191	</li>
8192	</ul>
8193	</html>"));
8194	end CombustionChamber;
8195
8196	partial model CompressorBase "Gas compressor"
8197	extends ThermoPower.Icons.Gas.Compressor;
8198	replaceable package Medium = Modelica.Media.Interfaces.PartialMedium
8199	annotation(choicesAllMatching = true);
8200	parameter Boolean explicitIsentropicEnthalpy=true
8201	"isentropicEnthalpy function used";
8202	parameter Real eta_mech=0.98 "mechanical efficiency";
8203	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Pressure pstart_in "inlet start pressure"
8204	annotation (Dialog(tab="Initialisation"));
8205	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Pressure pstart_out "outlet start pressure"
8206	annotation (Dialog(tab="Initialisation"));
8207	parameter ThermoPower.AbsoluteTemperature Tdes_in
8208	"inlet design temperature";
8209	parameter Boolean allowFlowReversal=system.allowFlowReversal
8210	"= true to allow flow reversal, false restricts to design direction";
8211	outer ThermoPower.System system "System wide properties";
8212	parameter ThermoPower.AbsoluteTemperature Tstart_in=Tdes_in
8213	"inlet start temperature" annotation (Dialog(tab="Initialisation"));
8214	parameter ThermoPower.AbsoluteTemperature Tstart_out
8215	"outlet start temperature" annotation (Dialog(tab="Initialisation"));
8216	parameter Modelica.SIunits.MassFraction Xstart[Medium.nX]=Medium.reference_X
8217	"start gas composition" annotation (Dialog(tab="Initialisation"));
8218	Medium.BaseProperties gas_in(
8219	p(start=pstart_in),
8220	T(start=Tstart_in),
8221	Xi(start=Xstart[1:Medium.nXi]));
8222	Medium.BaseProperties gas_iso(
8223	p(start=pstart_out),
8224	T(start=Tstart_out),
8225	Xi(start=Xstart[1:Medium.nXi]));
8226	Medium.SpecificEnthalpy hout_iso "Outlet isentropic enthalpy";
8227	Medium.SpecificEnthalpy hout "Outlet enthaply";
8228	Medium.SpecificEntropy s_in "Inlet specific entropy";
8229	Medium.AbsolutePressure pout(start=pstart_out) "Outlet pressure";
8230
8231	Modelica.SIunits.MassFlowRate w "Gas flow rate";
8232	Modelica.SIunits.Angle phi "shaft rotation angle";
8233	Modelica.SIunits.AngularVelocity omega "shaft angular velocity";
8234	Modelica.SIunits.Torque tau "net torque acting on the compressor";
8235
8236	Real eta "isentropic efficiency";
8237	Real PR "pressure ratio";
8238
8239	FlangeA inlet(redeclare package Medium = Medium, m_flow(min=if
8240	allowFlowReversal then -Modelica.Constants.inf else 0)) annotation (
8241	Placement(transformation(extent={{-100,60},{-60,100}}, rotation=0)));
8242	FlangeB outlet(redeclare package Medium = Medium, m_flow(max=if
8243	allowFlowReversal then +Modelica.Constants.inf else 0)) annotation (
8244	Placement(transformation(extent={{60,60},{100,100}}, rotation=0)));
8245	Modelica.Mechanics.Rotational.Interfaces.Flange_a shaft_a annotation (
8246	Placement(transformation(extent={{-72,-12},{-48,12}}, rotation=0)));
8247	Modelica.Mechanics.Rotational.Interfaces.Flange_b shaft_b annotation (
8248	Placement(transformation(extent={{48,-12},{72,12}}, rotation=0)));
8249
8250	equation
8251	w = inlet.m_flow;
8252	assert(w >= 0, "The compressor model does not support flow reversal");
8253	inlet.m_flow + outlet.m_flow = 0 "Mass balance";
8254
8255	// Set inlet gas properties
8256	gas_in.p = inlet.p;
8257	gas_in.h = inStream(inlet.h_outflow);
8258	gas_in.Xi = inStream(inlet.Xi_outflow);
8259
8260	// Set outlet gas properties
8261	outlet.p = pout;
8262	outlet.h_outflow = hout;
8263	outlet.Xi_outflow = gas_in.Xi;
8264
8265	// Equations for reverse flow (not used)
8266	inlet.h_outflow = inStream(outlet.h_outflow);
8267	inlet.Xi_outflow = inStream(outlet.Xi_outflow);
8268
8269	// Component mass balances
8270	gas_iso.Xi = gas_in.Xi;
8271
8272	if explicitIsentropicEnthalpy then
8273	hout_iso = Medium.isentropicEnthalpy(outlet.p, gas_in.state)
8274	"Approximated isentropic enthalpy";
8275	hout - gas_in.h = 1/eta*(hout_iso - gas_in.h);
8276	// dummy assignments
8277	s_in = 0;
8278	gas_iso.p = 1e5;
8279	gas_iso.T = 300;
8280	else
8281	// Properties of the gas after isentropic transformation
8282	gas_iso.p = pout;
8283	s_in = Medium.specificEntropy(gas_in.state);
8284	s_in = Medium.specificEntropy(gas_iso.state);
8285	hout - gas_in.h = 1/eta*(gas_iso.h - gas_in.h);
8286	// dummy assignment
8287	hout_iso = 0;
8288	end if;
8289
8290	w(hout - gas_in.h) = tauomega*eta_mech "Energy balance";
8291	PR = pout/gas_in.p "Pressure ratio";
8292
8293	// Mechanical boundary conditions
8294	shaft_a.phi = phi;
8295	shaft_b.phi = phi;
8296	shaft_a.tau + shaft_b.tau = tau;
8297	der(phi) = omega;
8298	annotation (
8299	Documentation(info="<html>
8300	<p>This is the base model for a compressor, including the interface and all equations except the actual computation of the performance characteristics. Reverse flow conditions are not supported.</p>
8301	<p>This model does not include any shaft inertia by itself; if that is needed, connect a Modelica.Mechanics.Rotational.Inertia model to one of the shaft connectors.</p>
8302	<p>As a base-model, it can be used both for axial and centrifugal compressors.
8303	<p><b>Modelling options</b></p>
8304	<p>The actual gas used in the component is determined by the replaceable <tt>Medium</tt> package. In the case of multiple component, variable composition gases, the start composition is given by <tt>Xstart</tt>, whose default value is <tt>Medium.reference_X</tt>.
8305	<p>The following options are available to calculate the enthalpy of the outgoing gas:
8306	<ul><li><tt>explicitIsentropicEnthalpy = true</tt>: the isentropic enthalpy <tt>hout_iso</tt> is calculated by the <tt>Medium.isentropicEnthalpy</tt> function. <li><tt>explicitIsentropicEnthalpy = false</tt>: the isentropic enthalpy is obtained by equating the specific entropy of the inlet gas <tt>gas_in</tt> and of a fictious gas state <tt>gas_iso</tt>, with the same pressure of the outgoing gas; both are computed with the function <tt>Medium.specificEntropy</tt>.</pp></ul>
8307	</html>", revisions="<html>
8308	<ul>
8309	<li><i>13 Apr 2005</i>
8310	by <a href=\"mailto:francesco.casella@polimi.it\">Francesco Casella</a>:<br>
8311	Medium.BaseProperties <tt>gas_out</tt>removed.</li>
8312	</li>
8313	<li><i>14 Jan 2005</i>
8314	by <a href=\"mailto:francesco.casella@polimi.it\">Francesco Casella</a>:<br>
8315	Adapted to Modelica.Media.</li>
8316	<br> Compressor model restructured using inheritance.
8317	</li>
8318	<li><i>5 Mar 2004</i>
8319	by <a href=\"mailto:francesco.casella@polimi.it\">Francesco Casella</a>:<br>
8320	First release.</li>
8321	</ul>
8322	</html>
8323	"), Diagram(graphics),
8324	Icon(graphics={Text(
8325	extent={{-128,-60},{128,-100}},
8326	lineColor={0,0,255},
8327	textString="%name")}));
8328	end CompressorBase;
8329
8330	model Compressor "Gas compressor"
8331	extends CompressorBase;
8332	import ThermoPower.Choices.TurboMachinery.TableTypes;
8333	parameter AngularVelocity Ndesign "Design velocity";
8334	parameter Real tablePhic[:, :]=fill(
8335	0,
8336	0,
8337	2) "Table for phic(N_T,beta)";
8338	parameter Real tableEta[:, :]=fill(
8339	0,
8340	0,
8341	2) "Table for eta(N_T,beta)";
8342	parameter Real tablePR[:, :]=fill(
8343	0,
8344	0,
8345	2) "Table for eta(N_T,beta)";
8346	parameter String fileName="noName" "File where matrix is stored";
8347	parameter TableTypes Table
8348	"Selection of the way of definition of table matrix";
8349	Modelica.Blocks.Tables.CombiTable2D Eta(
8350	tableOnFile=if (Table == TableTypes.matrix) then false else true,
8351	table=tableEta,
8352	tableName=if (Table == TableTypes.matrix) then "NoName" else "tabEta",
8353	fileName=if (Table == TableTypes.matrix) then "NoName" else fileName,
8354	smoothness=Modelica.Blocks.Types.Smoothness.ContinuousDerivative)
8355	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-12,60},{8,80}}, rotation=0)));
8356	Modelica.Blocks.Tables.CombiTable2D PressRatio(
8357	tableOnFile=if (Table == TableTypes.matrix) then false else true,
8358	table=tablePR,
8359	tableName=if (Table == TableTypes.matrix) then "NoName" else "tabPR",
8360	fileName=if (Table == TableTypes.matrix) then "NoName" else fileName,
8361	smoothness=Modelica.Blocks.Types.Smoothness.ContinuousDerivative)
8362	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-12,0},{8,20}}, rotation=0)));
8363	Modelica.Blocks.Tables.CombiTable2D Phic(
8364	tableOnFile=if (Table == TableTypes.matrix) then false else true,
8365	table=tablePhic,
8366	tableName=if (Table == TableTypes.matrix) then "NoName" else "tabPhic",
8367	fileName=if (Table == TableTypes.matrix) then "NoName" else fileName,
8368	smoothness=Modelica.Blocks.Types.Smoothness.ContinuousDerivative)
8369	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-12,30},{8,50}}, rotation=0)));
8370	Real N_T "Referred speed ";
8371	Real N_T_design "Referred design velocity";
8372	Real phic "Flow number ";
8373	Real beta(start=integer(size(tablePhic, 1)/2)) "Number of beta line";
8374
8375	equation
8376	N_T_design = Ndesign/sqrt(Tdes_in) "Referred design velocity";
8377	N_T = 100omega/(sqrt(gas_in.T)N_T_design)
8378	"Referred speed definition, as percentage of design velocity";
8379	phic = w*sqrt(gas_in.T)/(gas_in.p) "Flow number definition";
8380
8381	// phic = Phic(beta, N_T)
8382	Phic.u1 = beta;
8383	Phic.u2 = N_T;
8384	phic = Phic.y;
8385
8386	// eta = Eta(beta, N_T)
8387	Eta.u1 = beta;
8388	Eta.u2 = N_T;
8389	eta = Eta.y;
8390
8391	// PR = PressRatio(beta, N_T)
8392	PressRatio.u1 = beta;
8393	PressRatio.u2 = N_T;
8394	PR = PressRatio.y;
8395	annotation (Documentation(info="<html>
8396	This model adds the performance characteristics to the Compressor_Base model, by means of 2D interpolation tables.</p>
8397	<p>The perfomance characteristics are specified by two characteristic equations: the first relates the flow number <tt>phic</tt>, the pressure ratio <tt>PR</tt> and the referred speed <tt>N_T</tt>; the second relates the efficiency <tt>eta</tt>, the flow number <tt>phic</tt>, and the referred speed <tt>N_T</tt> [1]. To avoid singularities, the two characteristic equations are expressed in parametric form by adding a further variable <tt>beta</tt> (method of beta lines [2]).
8398	<p>The performance maps are thus tabulated into three differents tables, <tt>tablePhic</tt>, <tt>tablePR</tt> and <tt>tableEta</tt>, which express <tt>phic</tt>, <tt>PR</tt> and <tt>eta</tt> as a function of <tt>N_T</tt> and <tt>beta</tt>, respectively, where <tt>N_T</tt> is the first row while <tt>beta</tt> is the first column. The referred speed <tt>N_T</tt> is defined as a percentage of the design referred speed and <tt>beta</tt> are arbitrary lines, usually drawn parallel to the surge-line on the performance maps.
8399	<p><tt>Modelica.Blocks.Tables.CombiTable2D</tt> interpolates the tables to obtain values of referred flow, pressure ratio and efficiency at given levels of referred speed and beta.
8400	<p><b>Modelling options</b></p>
8401	<p>The following options are available to determine how the table is defined:
8402	<ul><li><tt>Table = 0</tt>: the table is explicitly supplied as matrix parameter.
8403	<li><tt>Table = 1</tt>: the table is read from a file; the string <tt>fileName</tt> contains the path to the files where the tables are stored, either in ASCII or Matlab binary format.
8404	</ul>
8405	<p><b>References:</b></p>
8406	<ol>
8407	<li>S. L. Dixon: <i>Fluid mechanics, thermodynamics of turbomachinery</i>, Oxford, Pergamon press, 1966, pp. 213.
8408	<li>P. P. Walsh, P. Fletcher: <i>Gas Turbine Performance</i>, 2nd ed., Oxford, Blackwell, 2004, pp. 646.
8409	</ol>
8410	</html>", revisions="<html>
8411	<ul>
8412	<li><i>13 Apr 2005</i>
8413	by <a href=\"mailto:francesco.casella@polimi.it\">Francesco Casella</a>:<br>
8414	New method for calculating performance parameters using tables.</li>
8415	</li>
8416	<li><i>14 Jan 2005</i>
8417	by <a href=\"mailto:francesco.casella@polimi.it\">Francesco Casella</a>:<br>
8418	Adapted to Modelica.Media.</li>
8419	<br> Compressor model restructured using inheritance.
8420	</li>
8421	<li><i>5 Mar 2004</i>
8422	by <a href=\"mailto:francesco.casella@polimi.it\">Francesco Casella</a>:<br>
8423	First release.</li>
8424	</ul>
8425	</html>"));
8426	end Compressor;
8427
8428	partial model TurbineBase "Gas Turbine"
8429	extends ThermoPower.Icons.Gas.Turbine;
8430	replaceable package Medium = Modelica.Media.Interfaces.PartialMedium
8431	annotation(choicesAllMatching = true);
8432	parameter Boolean explicitIsentropicEnthalpy=true
8433	"isentropicEnthalpy function used";
8434	parameter Real eta_mech=0.98 "mechanical efficiency";
8435	parameter ThermoPower.AbsoluteTemperature Tdes_in
8436	"inlet design temperature";
8437	parameter Boolean allowFlowReversal=system.allowFlowReversal
8438	"= true to allow flow reversal, false restricts to design direction";
8439	outer ThermoPower.System system "System wide properties";
8440	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Pressure pstart_in "inlet start pressure"
8441	annotation (Dialog(tab="Initialisation"));
8442	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Pressure pstart_out "outlet start pressure"
8443	annotation (Dialog(tab="Initialisation"));
8444	parameter ThermoPower.AbsoluteTemperature Tstart_in=Tdes_in
8445	"inlet start temperature" annotation (Dialog(tab="Initialisation"));
8446	parameter ThermoPower.AbsoluteTemperature Tstart_out
8447	"outlet start temperature" annotation (Dialog(tab="Initialisation"));
8448	parameter Modelica.SIunits.MassFraction Xstart[Medium.nX]=Medium.reference_X
8449	"start gas composition" annotation (Dialog(tab="Initialisation"));
8450
8451	Medium.BaseProperties gas_in(
8452	p(start=pstart_in),
8453	T(start=Tstart_in),
8454	Xi(start=Xstart[1:Medium.nXi]));
8455	Medium.BaseProperties gas_iso(
8456	p(start=pstart_out),
8457	T(start=Tstart_out),
8458	Xi(start=Xstart[1:Medium.nXi]));
8459
8460	Modelica.SIunits.Angle phi "shaft rotation angle";
8461	Modelica.SIunits.Torque tau "net torque acting on the turbine";
8462	Modelica.SIunits.AngularVelocity omega "shaft angular velocity";
8463	Modelica.SIunits.MassFlowRate w "Gas flow rate";
8464	Medium.SpecificEntropy s_in "Inlet specific entropy";
8465	Medium.SpecificEnthalpy hout_iso "Outlet isentropic enthalpy";
8466	Medium.SpecificEnthalpy hout "Outlet enthalpy";
8467	Medium.AbsolutePressure pout(start=pstart_out) "Outlet pressure";
8468	Real PR "pressure ratio";
8469	Real eta "isoentropic efficiency";
8470
8471	Modelica.Mechanics.Rotational.Interfaces.Flange_a shaft_a annotation (
8472	Placement(transformation(extent={{-72,-12},{-48,12}}, rotation=0)));
8473	Modelica.Mechanics.Rotational.Interfaces.Flange_b shaft_b annotation (
8474	Placement(transformation(extent={{48,-12},{72,12}}, rotation=0)));
8475	FlangeA inlet(redeclare package Medium = Medium, m_flow(min=if
8476	allowFlowReversal then -Modelica.Constants.inf else 0)) annotation (
8477	Placement(transformation(extent={{-100,60},{-60,100}}, rotation=0)));
8478	FlangeB outlet(redeclare package Medium = Medium, m_flow(max=if
8479	allowFlowReversal then +Modelica.Constants.inf else 0)) annotation (
8480	Placement(transformation(extent={{60,60},{100,100}}, rotation=0)));
8481	equation
8482	w = inlet.m_flow;
8483	assert(w >= 0, "The turbine model does not support flow reversal");
8484	inlet.m_flow + outlet.m_flow = 0 "Mass balance";
8485
8486	// Set inlet gas properties
8487	gas_in.p = inlet.p;
8488	gas_in.h = inStream(inlet.h_outflow);
8489	gas_in.Xi = inStream(inlet.Xi_outflow);
8490
8491	// Set outlet gas properties
8492	outlet.p = pout;
8493	outlet.h_outflow = hout;
8494	outlet.Xi_outflow = gas_in.Xi;
8495
8496	// Equations for reverse flow (not used)
8497	inlet.h_outflow = inStream(outlet.h_outflow);
8498	inlet.Xi_outflow = inStream(outlet.Xi_outflow);
8499
8500	// Component mass balances
8501	gas_iso.Xi = gas_in.Xi;
8502
8503	if explicitIsentropicEnthalpy then
8504	hout_iso = Medium.isentropicEnthalpy(outlet.p, gas_in.state)
8505	"Approximated isentropic enthalpy";
8506	hout - gas_in.h = eta*(hout_iso - gas_in.h) "Enthalpy change";
8507	//dummy assignments
8508	s_in = 0;
8509	gas_iso.p = 1e5;
8510	gas_iso.T = 300;
8511	else
8512	// Properties of the gas after isentropic transformation
8513	gas_iso.p = pout;
8514	s_in = Medium.specificEntropy(gas_in.state);
8515	s_in = Medium.specificEntropy(gas_iso.state);
8516	hout - gas_in.h = eta*(gas_iso.h - gas_in.h) "Enthalpy change";
8517	//dummy assignment
8518	hout_iso = 0;
8519	end if;
8520
8521	w(hout - gas_in.h)eta_mech = tau*omega "Energy balance";
8522	PR = gas_in.p/pout "Pressure ratio";
8523
8524	// Mechanical boundary conditions
8525	shaft_a.phi = phi;
8526	shaft_b.phi = phi;
8527	shaft_a.tau + shaft_b.tau = tau;
8528	der(phi) = omega;
8529	annotation (
8530	Documentation(info="<html>
8531	<p>This is the base model for a turbine, including the interface and all equations except the actual computation of the performance characteristics. Reverse flow conditions are not supported.</p>
8532	<p>This model does not include any shaft inertia by itself; if that is needed, connect a Modelica.Mechanics.Rotational.Inertia model to one of the shaft connectors.</p>
8533	<p>As a base-model, it can be used both for axial and radial turbines.
8534	<p><b>Modelling options</b></p>
8535	<p>The actual gas used in the component is determined by the replaceable <tt>Medium</tt> package. In the case of multiple component, variable composition gases, the start composition is given by <tt>Xstart</tt>, whose default value is <tt>Medium.reference_X</tt>.
8536	<p>The following options are available to calculate the enthalpy of the outgoing gas:
8537	<ul><li><tt>explicitIsentropicEnthalpy = true</tt>: the isentropic enthalpy <tt>hout_iso</tt> is calculated by the <tt>Medium.isentropicEnthalpy</tt> function. <li><tt>explicitIsentropicEnthalpy = false</tt>: the isentropic enthalpy is determined by equating the specific entropy of the inlet gas <tt>gas_in</tt> and of a fictious gas state <tt>gas_iso</tt>, with the same pressure of the outgoing gas; both are computed with the function <tt>Medium.specificEntropy</tt>.</pp></ul>
8538	</html>", revisions="<html>
8539	<ul>
8540	<li><i>13 Apr 2005</i>
8541	by <a href=\"mailto:francesco.casella@polimi.it\">Francesco Casella</a>:<br>
8542	Medium.BaseProperties <tt>gas_out</tt>removed.</li>
8543	</li>
8544	<li><i>14 Jan 2005</i>
8545	by <a href=\"mailto:francesco.casella@polimi.it\">Francesco Casella</a>:<br>
8546	Adapted to Modelica.Media.</li>
8547	<br> Turbine model restructured using inheritance.
8548	</li>
8549	<li><i>5 Mar 2004</i>
8550	by <a href=\"mailto:francesco.casella@polimi.it\">Francesco Casella</a>:<br>
8551	First release.</li>
8552	</ul>
8553	</html>"),
8554	Icon(graphics={Text(
8555	extent={{-128,-60},{128,-100}},
8556	lineColor={0,0,255},
8557	textString="%name")}),
8558	Diagram(graphics));
8559	end TurbineBase;
8560
8561	model Turbine "Gas Turbine"
8562	extends TurbineBase;
8563	import ThermoPower.Choices.TurboMachinery.TableTypes;
8564	parameter AngularVelocity Ndesign "Design speed";
8565	parameter Real tablePhic[:, :]=fill(
8566	0,
8567	0,
8568	2) "Table for phic(N_T,PR)";
8569	parameter Real tableEta[:, :]=fill(
8570	0,
8571	0,
8572	2) "Table for eta(N_T,PR)";
8573	parameter String fileName="NoName" "File where matrix is stored";
8574	parameter TableTypes Table
8575	"Selection of the way of definition of table matrix";
8576
8577	Real N_T "Referred speed";
8578	Real N_T_design "Referred design speed";
8579	Real phic "Flow number";
8580	Modelica.Blocks.Tables.CombiTable2D Phic(
8581	tableOnFile=if (Table == TableTypes.matrix) then false else true,
8582	table=tablePhic,
8583	tableName=if (Table == TableTypes.matrix) then "NoName" else "tabPhic",
8584	fileName=if (Table == TableTypes.matrix) then "NoName" else fileName,
8585	smoothness=Modelica.Blocks.Types.Smoothness.ContinuousDerivative)
8586	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-10,10},{10,30}}, rotation=
8587	0)));
8588	Modelica.Blocks.Tables.CombiTable2D Eta(
8589	tableOnFile=if (Table == TableTypes.matrix) then false else true,
8590	table=tableEta,
8591	tableName=if (Table == TableTypes.matrix) then "NoName" else "tabEta",
8592	fileName=if (Table == TableTypes.matrix) then "NoName" else fileName,
8593	smoothness=Modelica.Blocks.Types.Smoothness.ContinuousDerivative)
8594	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-10,50},{10,70}}, rotation=
8595	0)));
8596	equation
8597	N_T_design = Ndesign/sqrt(Tdes_in) "Referred design velocity";
8598	N_T = 100omega/(sqrt(gas_in.T)N_T_design)
8599	"Referred speed definition as percentage of design velocity";
8600	phic = w*sqrt(gas_in.T)/(gas_in.p) "Flow number definition";
8601
8602	// phic = Phic(PR, N_T)
8603	Phic.u1 = PR;
8604	Phic.u2 = N_T;
8605	phic = (Phic.y);
8606
8607	// eta = Eta(PR, N_T)
8608	Eta.u1 = PR;
8609	Eta.u2 = N_T;
8610	eta = Eta.y;
8611	annotation (Documentation(info="<html>
8612	This model adds the performance characteristics to the Turbine_Base model, by means of 2D interpolation tables.
8613	<p>The performance characteristics are described by two characteristic equations: the first relates the flow number <tt>phic</tt>, the pressure ratio <tt>PR</tt> and the referred speed <tt>N_T</tt>; the second relates the efficiency <tt>eta</tt>, the flow number <tt>phic</tt>, and the referred speed <tt>N_T</tt> [1]. </p>
8614	<p>The performance maps are tabulated into two differents tables, <tt>tablePhic</tt> and <tt>tableEta</tt> which express <tt>phic</tt> and <tt>eta</tt> as a function of <tt>N_T</tt> and <tt>PR</tt> respectively, where <tt>N_T</tt> represents the first row and <tt>PR</tt> the first column [2]. The referred speed <tt>N_T</tt> is defined as a percentage of the design referred speed.
8615	<p>The <tt>Modelica.Blocks.Tables.CombiTable2D</tt> interpolates the tables to obtain values of referred flow and efficiency at given levels of referred speed.
8616	<p><b>Modelling options</b></p>
8617	<p>The following options are available to determine how the table is defined:
8618	<ul><li><tt>Table = 0</tt>: the table is explicitly supplied as matrix parameter.
8619	<li><tt>Table = 1</tt>: the table is read from a file; the string <tt>fileName</tt> contains the path to the files where tables are stored, either in ASCII or Matlab binary format.
8620	</ul>
8621	<p><b>References:</b></p>
8622	<ol>
8623	<li>S. L. Dixon: <i>Fluid mechanics, thermodynamics of turbomachinery</i>, Oxford, Pergamon press, 1966, pp. 213.
8624	<li>P. P. Walsh, P. Fletcher: <i>Gas Turbine Performance</i>, 2nd ed., Oxford, Blackwell, 2004, pp. 646.
8625	</ol>
8626	</html>", revisions="<html>
8627	<ul>
8628	<li><i>13 Apr 2005</i>
8629	by <a href=\"mailto:francesco.casella@polimi.it\">Francesco Casella</a>:<br>
8630	New method for calculating performance parameters using tables.</li>
8631	</li>
8632	<li><i>14 Jan 2005</i>
8633	by <a href=\"mailto:francesco.casella@polimi.it\">Francesco Casella</a>:<br>
8634	Adapted to Modelica.Media.</li>
8635	<br> Turbine model restructured using inheritance.
8636	</li>
8637	<li><i>5 Mar 2004</i>
8638	by <a href=\"mailto:francesco.casella@polimi.it\">Francesco Casella</a>:<br>
8639	First release.</li>
8640	</ul>
8641	</html>"), Diagram(graphics));
8642	end Turbine;
8643	annotation (Documentation(info="<HTML>
8644	This package contains models of physical processes and components using ideal gases as working fluid.
8645	<p>All models with dynamic equations provide initialisation support. Set the <tt>initOpt</tt> parameter to the appropriate value:
8646	<ul>
8647	<li><tt>Choices.Init.Options.noInit</tt>: no initialisation
8648	<li><tt>Choices.Init.Options.steadyState</tt>: full steady-state initialisation
8649	<li><tt>Choices.Init.Options.steadyStateNoP</tt>: steady-state initialisation (except pressure)
8650	<li><tt>Choices.Init.Options.steadyStateNoT</tt>: steady-state initialisation (except temperature)
8651	</ul>
8652	The latter options can be useful when two or more components are connected directly so that they will have the same pressure or temperature, to avoid over-specified systems of initial equations.
8653	</HTML>"));
8654	end Gas;
8655
8656	package Media "Medium models for the ThermoPower library"
8657	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
8658
8659	package Air "Air as mixture of O2, N2, Ar and H2O"
8660	extends Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.MixtureGasNasa(
8661	mediumName="Air",
8662	data={Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.SingleGasesData.O2,
8663	Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.SingleGasesData.H2O,
8664	Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.SingleGasesData.Ar,
8665	Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.SingleGasesData.N2},
8666	fluidConstants={
8667	Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.FluidData.O2,
8668	Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.FluidData.H2O,
8669	Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.FluidData.Ar,
8670	Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.FluidData.N2},
8671	substanceNames={"Oxygen","Water","Argon","Nitrogen"},
8672	reference_X={0.23,0.015,0.005,0.75});
8673	end Air;
8674
8675	package NaturalGas "Mixture of N2, CO2, and CH4"
8676	extends Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.MixtureGasNasa(
8677	mediumName="NaturalGas",
8678	data={Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.SingleGasesData.N2,
8679	Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.SingleGasesData.CO2,
8680	Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.SingleGasesData.CH4},
8681	fluidConstants={
8682	Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.FluidData.N2,
8683	Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.FluidData.CO2,
8684	Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.FluidData.CH4},
8685	substanceNames={"Nitrogen","Carbondioxide","Methane"},
8686	reference_X={0.02,0.012,0.968});
8687
8688	end NaturalGas;
8689
8690	package FlueGas "flue gas"
8691	extends Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.MixtureGasNasa(
8692	mediumName="FlueGas",
8693	data={Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.SingleGasesData.O2,
8694	Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.SingleGasesData.Ar,
8695	Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.SingleGasesData.H2O,
8696	Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.SingleGasesData.CO2,
8697	Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.SingleGasesData.N2},
8698	fluidConstants={
8699	Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.FluidData.O2,
8700	Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.FluidData.Ar,
8701	Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.FluidData.H2O,
8702	Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.FluidData.CO2,
8703	Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.FluidData.N2},
8704	substanceNames={"Oxygen","Argon","Water","Carbondioxide","Nitrogen"},
8705	reference_X={0.23,0.02,0.01,0.04,0.7});
8706
8707	end FlueGas;
8708	end Media;
8709
8710	package PowerPlants "Models of thermoelectrical power plants components"
8711	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
8712	import SI = Modelica.SIunits;
8713	import ThermoPower.Choices.Init.Options;
8714
8715	package HRSG "Models and tests of the HRSG and its main components"
8716	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
8717
8718	package Components "HRSG component models"
8719	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
8720
8721	model BaseReader_gas
8722	"Base reader for the visualization of the state in the simulation (gas)"
8723	replaceable package Medium = Modelica.Media.Interfaces.PartialMedium;
8724	parameter Boolean allowFlowReversal=system.allowFlowReversal
8725	"= true to allow flow reversal, false restricts to design direction";
8726	outer ThermoPower.System system "System wide properties";
8727	Gas.FlangeA inlet(redeclare package Medium = Medium, m_flow(min=if
8728	allowFlowReversal then -Modelica.Constants.inf else 0))
8729	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-80,-20},{-40,20}},
8730	rotation=0)));
8731	Gas.FlangeB outlet(redeclare package Medium = Medium, m_flow(max=if
8732	allowFlowReversal then +Modelica.Constants.inf else 0))
8733	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{40,-20},{80,20}},
8734	rotation=0)));
8735	equation
8736	inlet.m_flow + outlet.m_flow = 0 "Mass balance";
8737	inlet.p = outlet.p "Momentum balance";
8738	// Energy balance
8739	inlet.h_outflow = inStream(outlet.h_outflow);
8740	inStream(inlet.h_outflow) = outlet.h_outflow;
8741	// Independent composition mass balances
8742	inlet.Xi_outflow = inStream(outlet.Xi_outflow);
8743	inStream(inlet.Xi_outflow) = outlet.Xi_outflow;
8744	annotation (Diagram(graphics), Icon(graphics={Polygon(
8745	points={{-80,0},{0,30},{80,0},{0,-30},{-80,0}},
8746	lineColor={170,170,255},
8747	fillColor={170,170,255},
8748	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),Text(
8749	extent={{-80,20},{80,-20}},
8750	lineColor={255,255,255},
8751	fillColor={170,170,255},
8752	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,
8753	textString="S")}));
8754	end BaseReader_gas;
8755
8756	model StateReader_gas
8757	"State reader for the visualization of the state in the simulation (gas)"
8758	extends BaseReader_gas;
8759	Medium.BaseProperties gas;
8760	SI.Temperature T "Temperature";
8761	SI.Pressure p "Pressure";
8762	SI.SpecificEnthalpy h "Specific enthalpy";
8763	SI.MassFlowRate w "Mass flow rate";
8764
8765	equation
8766	// Set gas properties
8767	inlet.p = gas.p;
8768
8769	gas.h = homotopy(if not allowFlowReversal then inStream(inlet.h_outflow)
8770	else actualStream(inlet.h_outflow), inStream(inlet.h_outflow));
8771	gas.Xi = homotopy(if not allowFlowReversal then inStream(inlet.Xi_outflow)
8772	else actualStream(inlet.Xi_outflow), inStream(inlet.Xi_outflow));
8773
8774	T = gas.T;
8775	p = gas.p;
8776	h = gas.h;
8777	w = inlet.m_flow;
8778	end StateReader_gas;
8779	end Components;
8780	annotation (Documentation(revisions="<html>
8781	<ul>
8782	<li><i>15 Apr 2008</i>
8783	by <a>Luca Savoldelli</a>:<br>
8784	First release.</li>
8785	</ul>
8786	</html>"));
8787	end HRSG;
8788	annotation (Documentation(revisions="<html>
8789	</html>"));
8790	end PowerPlants;
8791
8792	type HydraulicConductance = Real (final quantity="HydraulicConductance", final
8793	unit="(kg/s)/Pa");
8794
8795	type HydraulicResistance = Real (final quantity="HydraulicResistance", final
8796	unit="Pa/(kg/s)");
8797
8798	type Density = Modelica.SIunits.Density (start=40) "generic start value";
8799
8800	type AbsoluteTemperature = Temperature (start=300, nominal=500)
8801	"generic temperature";
8802	annotation (
8803	Documentation(info="<html>
8804	<b>General Information</b>
8805	<p>The ThermoPower library is an open-source <a href=\"http://www.modelica.org/libraries\">Modelica library</a>for the dynamic modelling of thermal power plants and energy conversion systems. It provides basic components for system-level modelling, in particular for the study of control systems in traditional and innovative power plants and energy conversion systems.</p>
8806	<p>The library is hosted by <a href=\"http://sourceforge.net/projects/thermopower/\">sourceforge.net</a> and has been under continuous development at Politecnico di Milano since 2002. It has been applied to the dynamic modelling of steam generators, combined-cycle power plants, III- and IV-generation nuclear power plants, direct steam generation solar plants, organic Rankine cycle plants, and cryogenic circuits for nuclear fusion applications. The main author is Francesco Casella, with contributions from Alberto Leva, Matilde Ratti, Luca Savoldelli, Roberto Bonifetto, Stefano Boni, and many others. The library is licensed under the <b><a href=\"http://www.modelica.org/licenses/ModelicaLicense2\">Modelica License 2</a></b>. The library has been developed as a tool for research in the field of energy system control at the Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria of Politecnico di Milano and progressively enhanced as new projects were undertaken there. It has been released as open source for the benefit of the community, but without any guarantee of support or completeness of documentation.</p>
8807	<p>The latest official release of the library is ThermoPower 2.1, which is compatible with Modelica 2.2 and Modelica Standard Library 2.2.x. This release is now quite old. From 2009 to 2012, the development of the library focused on: </p>
8808	<ul>
8809	<li>Conversion to Modelica 3.x (new graphical annotations, use of enumerations) </li>
8810	<li>Use of stream connectors, compatible with the Modelica.Fluid library, allowing multiple-way connections (see <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp09430078\">paper</a>) </li>
8811	<li>Use of the homotopy operator for improved initialization (see <a href=\"https://www.modelica.org/events/modelica2011/Proceedings/pages/papers/04_2_ID_131_a_fv.pdf\">paper</a>) </li>
8812	<li>Bugfixing</li>
8813	</ul>
8814	<p>Until 2012, the library was developed using the tool <a href=\"http://www.3ds.com/products/catia/portfolio/dymola\">Dymola</a>, and could only be used within that tool, due to limitations of other Modelica tools available at the time. An official version was never released during that period, because we kept on experimenting new features, some of them experimental (e.g., homotopy-based initialization), so the library never reached a stable state. The plan is to release a revision 3.0, which will run in Dymola, and will incorporate all these changes. In the meantime, you can obtain this version of the library by anonymous SVN checkout from this URL:<br><br><a href=\"svn://svn.code.sf.net/p/thermopower/svn/branches/release.3.0\">svn://svn.code.sf.net/p/thermopower/svn/branches/release.3.0</a><br><br>
8815	If you are running Windows, we recommend using the excellent <a href=\"http://tortoisesvn.net/\">TortoiseSVN</a> client to checkout the library.</p>
8816	<p>Since 2013, the development started focusing on three main lines.
8817	<ol>
8818	<li>We are working towards making the library fully compliant to Modelica 3.2rev2 and to the Modelica Standard Library 3.2.1, in order to be usable with other Modelica tools. The library is currently being tested with OpenModelica, and is expected to run satisfactorily in that tool within the year 2013. </li>
8819	<li>The second development line is to improve the structure of the Flow1D models, for greater flexibility and ease of use. In particular, we are changing the design of the distributed heat ports, which had several shortcomings in the original design, and adding replaceable models for the heat transfer and friction models. The new Flow1D models will be incompatible with the old ones, which will be kept (but deprecated) for backwards compatibility. </li>
8820	<li>The last development is to change the way initial conditions are specified. The current design relies on initial equations being automatically generated by the tool, based on start attributes, which has several problems if you want to use the library with different Modelica tools and get the same results everywhere. Doing this right might eventually lead to a library which is not backwards-compatible with earlier versions.</li>
8821	</ol></p>
8822	<p>Eventually, these improvements will be incorporated in the 3.1 release. You can have a look at the work in progress by anonymous SVN checkout from this URL:<br><br><a href=\"svn://svn.code.sf.net/p/thermopower/svn/trunk\">svn://svn.code.sf.net/p/thermopower/svn/trunk</a></p>
8823	<p>To give you an idea on the structure and content of the library, the automatically generated documentation of the 2.1 release can be browsed on-line <a href=\"http://thermopower.sourceforge.net/help/ThermoPower.html\">here</a>.</p>
8824	<p>If you want to get involved in the development, or you need some information, please contact the main developer <a href=\"mailto://francesco.casella@polimi.it\">francesco.casella@polimi.it</a>.</p>
8825	<p><b>References</b></p>
8826	<p>A general description of the library and on the modelling principles can be found in the papers: </p>
8827	<p><ul>
8828	<li>F. Casella, A. Leva, &QUOT;Modelling of distributed thermo-hydraulic processes using Modelica&QUOT;, <i>Proceedings of the MathMod '03 Conference</i>, Wien , Austria, February 2003. </li>
8829	<li>F. Casella, A. Leva, &QUOT;Modelica open library for power plant simulation: design and experimental validation&QUOT;, <i>Proceedings of the 2003 Modelica Conference</i>, Linköping, Sweden, November 2003, pp. 41-50. (<a href=\"http://www.modelica.org/Conference2003/papers/h08_Leva.pdf\">Available online</a>) </li>
8830	<li>F. Casella, A. Leva, &QUOT;Simulazione di impianti termoidraulici con strumenti object-oriented&QUOT;, <i>Atti convegno ANIPLA Enersis 2004,</i> Milano, Italy, April 2004 (in Italian). </li>
8831	<li>F. Casella, A. Leva, &QUOT;Object-oriented library for thermal power plant simulation&QUOT;, <i>Proceedings of the Eurosis Industrial Simulation Conference 2004 (ISC-2004)</i>, Malaga, Spain, June 2004. </li>
8832	<li>F. Casella, A. Leva, &QUOT;Simulazione object-oriented di impianti di generazione termoidraulici per studi di sistema&QUOT;, <i>Atti convegno nazionale ANIPLA 2004</i>, Milano, Italy, September 2004 (in Italian).</li>
8833	<li>Francesco Casella and Alberto Leva, “Modelling of Thermo-Hydraulic Power Generation Processes Using Modelica”. <i>Mathematical and Computer Modeling of Dynamical Systems</i>, vol. 12, n. 1, pp. 19-33, Feb. 2006. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13873950500071082\">Online</a>. </li>
8834	<li>Francesco Casella, J. G. van Putten and Piero Colonna, “Dynamic Simulation of a Biomass-Fired Power Plant: a Comparison Between Causal and A-Causal Modular Modeling”. In <i>Proceedings of 2007 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition</i>, Seattle, Washington, USA, Nov. 11-15, 2007, paper IMECE2007-41091 (Best paper award). </li>
8835	</ul></p>
8836	<p><br/>Other papers about the library and its applications:</p>
8837	<p><ul>
8838	<li>F. Casella, F. Schiavo, &QUOT;Modelling and Simulation of Heat Exchangers in Modelica with Finite Element Methods&QUOT;, <i>Proceedings of the 2003 Modelica Conference</i>, Linköping, Sweden, 2003, pp. 343-352. (<a href=\"http://www.modelica.org/Conference2003/papers/h22_Schiavo.pdf\">Available online</a>) </li>
8839	<li>A. Cammi, M.E. Ricotti, F. Casella, F. Schiavo, &QUOT;New modelling strategy for IRIS dynamic response simulation&QUOT;, <i>Proc. 5th International Conference on Nuclear Option in Countries with Small and Medium Electricity Grids</i>, Dubrovnik, Croatia, May 2004.</li>
8840	<li>A. Cammi, F. Casella, M.E. Ricotti, F. Schiavo, &QUOT;Object-oriented Modelling for Integral Nuclear Reactors Dynamic Dimulation&QUOT;, <i>Proceedings of the International Conference on Integrated Modeling &AMP; Analysis in Applied Control &AMP; Automation</i>, Genova, Italy, October 2004. </li>
8841	<li>Antonio Cammi, Francesco Casella, Marco Ricotti and Francesco Schiavo, “Object-Oriented Modeling, Simulation and Control of the IRIS Nuclear Power Plant with Modelica”. In <i>Proceedings 4th International Modelica Conference</i>, Hamburg, Germany,Mar. 7-8, 2005, pp. 423-432. <a href=\"http://www.modelica.org/events/Conference2005/online_proceedings/Session5/Session5b3.pdf\">Online</a>. </li>
8842	<li>A. Cammi, F. Casella, M. E. Ricotti, F. Schiavo, G. D. Storrick, &QUOT;Object-oriented Simulation for the Control of the IRIS Nuclear Power Plant&QUOT;, <i>Proceedings of the IFAC World Congress, </i>Prague, Czech Republic, July 2005 </li>
8843	<li>Francesco Casella and Francesco Pretolani, “Fast Start-up of a Combined-Cycle Power Plant: a Simulation Study with Modelica”. In <i>Proceedings 5th International Modelica Conference</i>, Vienna, Austria, Sep. 6-8, 2006, pp. 3-10. <a href=\"http://www.modelica.org/events/modelica2006/Proceedings/sessions/Session1a1.pdf\">Online</a>. </li>
8844	<li>Francesco Casella, “Object-Oriented Modelling of Two-Phase Fluid Flows by the Finite Volume Method”. In <i>Proceedings 5th Mathmod Vienna</i>, Vienna, Austria, Feb. 8-10, 2006. </li>
8845	<li>Andrea Bartolini, Francesco Casella, Alberto Leva and Valeria Motterle, “A Simulation Study of the Flue Gas Path Control System in a Coal-Fired Power Plant”. In <i>Proceedings ANIPLA International Congress 2006</i>, Rome, Italy,vNov. 13-15, 2006. </li>
8846	<li>Francesco Schiavo and Francesco Casella, “Object-oriented modelling and simulation of heat exchangers with finite element methods”. <i>Mathematical and Computer Modeling of Dynamical Sytems</i>, vol. 13, n. 3, pp. 211-235, Jun. 2007. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13873950600821766\">Online</a>. </li>
8847	<li>Laura Savoldi Richard, Francesco Casella, Barbara Fiori and Roberto Zanino, “Development of the Cryogenic Circuit Conductor and Coil (4C) Code for thermal-hydraulic modelling of ITER superconducting coils”. In <i>Presented at the 22nd International Cryogenic Engineering Conference ICEC22</i>, Seoul, Korea, July 21-25, 2008. </li>
8848	<li>Francesco Casella, “Object-Oriented Modelling of Power Plants: a Structured Approach”. In <i>Proceedings of the IFAC Symposium on Power Plants and Power Systems Control</i>, Tampere, Finland, July 5-8, 2009. </li>
8849	<li>Laura Savoldi Richard, Francesco Casella, Barbara Fiori and Roberto Zanino, “The 4C code for the cryogenic circuit conductor and coil modeling in ITER”. <i>Cryogenics</i>, vol. 50, n. 3, pp. 167-176, Mar 2010. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2009.07.008\">Online</a>. </li>
8850	<li>Antonio Cammi, Francesco Casella, Marco Enrico Ricotti and Francesco Schiavo, “An object-oriented approach to simulation of IRIS dynamic response”. <i>Progress in Nuclear Energy</i>, vol. 53, n. 1, pp. 48-58, Jan. 2011. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnucene.2010.09.004\">Online</a>. </li>
8851	<li>Francesco Casella and Piero Colonna, “Development of a Modelica dynamic model of solar supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle power plants for control studies”. In <i>Proceedings of the Supercritical CO2 Power Cycle Symposium</i>, Boulder, Colorado, USA, May 24-25, 2011, pp. 1-7. <a href=\"http://www.sco2powercyclesymposium.org/resource_center/system_modeling_control\">Online</a>. </li>
8852	<li>Roberto Bonifetto, Francesco Casella, Laura Savoldi Richard and Roberto Zanino, “Dynamic modeling of a SHe closed loop with the 4C code”. In <i>Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference - CEC: Advances in Cryogenic Engineering</i>, Spokane, Washington, USA, Jun. 13-17, 2011, pp. 1-8. </li>
8853	<li>Roberto Zanino, Roberto Bonifetto, Francesco Casella and Laura Savoldi Richard, “Validation of the 4C code against data from the HELIOS loop at CEA Grenoble”. <i>Cryogenics</i>, vol. 0, pp. 1-6, 2012. In press; available online 6 May 2012. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2012.04.010\">Online</a>. </li>
8854	<li>Francesco Casella and Piero Colonna, “Dynamic modelling of IGCC power plants”. <i>Applied Thermal Engineering</i>, vol. 35, pp. 91-111, 2012. <a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2011.10.011\">Online</a>. </li>
8855	</ul></p>
8856
8857	<b>Release notes:</b>
8858	<p><b></font><font style=\"font-size: 10pt; \">Version 2.1 (<i>6 Jul 2009</i>)</b></p>
8859	<p>The 2.1 release of ThermoPower contains several additions and a few bug fixes with respect to version 2.0. We tried to keep the new version backwards-compatible with the old one, but there might be a few cases where small adaptations could be required.</p><p>ThermoPower 2.1 requires the Modelica Standard Library version 2.2.1 or 2.2.2. It has been tested with Dymola 6.1 (using MSL 2.2.1) and with Dymola 7.1 (using MSL 2.2.2). It is planned to be usable also with other tools, in particular OpenModelica, MathModelica and SimulationX, but this is not possible with the currently released versions of those tools. It is expected that this should become at least partially possible within the year 2009. </p><p>ThermoPower 2.1 is the last major revision compatible with Modelica 2.1 and the Modelica Standard Library 2.2.x. The next version is planned to use Modelica 3.1 and the Modelica Standard Library 3.1. It will use use stream connectors, which generalize the concept of Flange connectors, lifting the restrictions that only two complementary connectors can be bound.</p><p>This is a list of the main changes with respect to v. 2.0</p>
8860	<li><ul>
8861	<li>New PowerPlants package, containing a library of high-level reusable components for the modelling of combined-cycle power plants, including full models that can be simulated. </li>
8862	<li>New examples cases in the Examples package. </li>
8863	<li>New components in the Electrical package, to model the generator-grid connection by the swing equation </li>
8864	<li>Three-way junctions (FlowJoin and FlowSplit) now have an option to describe unidirectional flow at each flange. This feature can substantially enhance numerical robustness and simulation performance in all cases when it is known a priori that no flow reversal will occur. </li>
8865	<li>The Flow1D and Flow1D2ph models are now restricted to positive flow direction, since it was found that it is not possible to describe flow reversal consistently with the average-density approach adopted in this library. For full flow reversal support please use the Flow1Dfem model, which does not have any restriction in this respect. </li>
8866	<li>A bug in Flow1D and Flow1D2ph has been corrected, which caused significant errors in the mass balance under dynamic conditions; this was potentially critical in closed-loop models, but has now been resolved.  </li>
8867	<li>The connectors for lumped- and distribute-parameters heat transfer with variable heat transfer coefficients have been split: HThtc and DHThtc now have an output qualifier on the h.t.c., while HThtc_in and DHThtc_in have an input qualifier. This was necessary to avoid incorrect connections, and is also required by tools to correctly checked if a model is balanced. This change should have no impact on most user-developed models. </li>
8868	</ul></li>
8869	</ul></p>
8870	<p><b>Version 2.0 (<i>10 Jun 2005</i>)</b></p>
8871	<li><ul>
8872	<li>The new Modelica 2.2 standard library is used. </li>
8873	<li>The ThermoPower library is now based on the Modelica.Media standard library for fluid property calculations. All the component models use a Modelica.Media compliant interface to specify the medium model. Standard water and gas models from the Modelica.Media library can be used, as well as custom-built water and gas models, compliant with the Modelica.Media interfaces. </li>
8874	<li>Fully functional gas components are now available, including model for gas compressors and turbines, as well as compact gas turbine unit models. </li>
8875	<li>Steady-state initialisation support has been added to all dynamic models. </li>
8876	<li>Some components are still under development, and could be changed in the final 2.0 release: </li>
8877	<li><ul>
8878	<li>Moving boundary model for two-phase flow in once-through evaporators. </li>
8879	<li>Stress models for headers and turbines. </li>
8880	</ul></li>
8881	</ul></li>
8882	</ul></p>
8883	<p><b>Version 1.2 (<i>18 Nov 2004</i>)</b></p>
8884	<li><ul>
8885	<li>Valve and pump models restructured using inheritance. </li>
8886	<li>Simple model of a steam turbine unit added (requires the Modelica.Media library). </li>
8887	<li>CISE example restructured and moved to the <code>Examples</code> package. </li>
8888	<li>Preliminary version of gas components added in the <code>Gas</code> package. </li>
8889	<li>Finite element model of thermohydraulic two-phase flow added. </li>
8890	<li>Simplified models for the connection to the power system added in the <code>Electrical</code> package. </li>
8891	</ul></li>
8892	</ul></p>
8893	<p><b>Version 1.1 (<i>15 Feb 2004</i>)</b></p>
8894	<li><ul>
8895	<li>No default values for parameters whose values must be set explicitly by the user. </li>
8896	<li>Description of the meaning of the model variables added. </li>
8897	<li><code>Pump</code>, <code>PumpMech</code>, <code>Accumulator</code> models added. </li>
8898	<li>More rational geometric parameters for <code>Flow1D*</code> models. </li>
8899	<li><code>Flow1D</code> model corrected to avoid numerical problems when the phase transition boundaries cross the nodes. </li>
8900	<li><code>Flow1D2phDB</code> model updated. </li>
8901	<li><code>Flow1D2phChen</code> models with two-phase heat transfer added. </li>
8902	</ul></li>
8903	</ul></p>
8904	<p><b>Version 1.0 (<i>20 Oct 2003</i>)</b></p>
8905	<li><ul>
8906	<li>First release in the public domain</li>
8907	</ul></li>
8908	</ul></p>
8909	<p><b></font><font style=\"font-size: 12pt; \">License agreement</b></p>
8910	<p>The ThermoPower package is licensed by Politecnico di Milano under the <b><a href=\"http://www.modelica.org/licenses/ModelicaLicense2\">Modelica License 2</a></b>. </p>
8911	<p><h4>Copyright © 2002-2013, Politecnico di Milano.</h4></p>
8912	</html>"),
8913	uses(Modelica(version="3.2.1")),
8914	version="3.1");
8915	end ThermoPower;
8916
8917	package ThermoPower_Examples_BraytonCycle
8918	extends ThermoPower.Examples.BraytonCycle;
8919	annotation(experiment(
8920	StopTime=1,
8921	__Dymola_NumberOfIntervals=500,
8922	Tolerance=0.0001,
8923	__Dymola_Algorithm="dassl"),uses(ThermoPower(version="3.1")));
8924	end ThermoPower_Examples_BraytonCycle;

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