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Ticket #2486: MWE_States.mo

File MWE_States.mo, 466.3 KB (added by ruben.baetens@…, 11 years ago)
Minimal working example "TEST" used in the ticket

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1	package Modelica "Modelica Standard Library (Version 3.2)"
2	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
3
4	package Blocks
5	"Library of basic input/output control blocks (continuous, discrete, logical, table blocks)"
6	import SI = Modelica.SIunits;
7	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
8
9	package Interfaces
10	"Library of connectors and partial models for input/output blocks"
11	import Modelica.SIunits;
12	extends Modelica.Icons.InterfacesPackage;
13
14	connector RealInput = input Real "'input Real' as connector"
15	annotation (defaultComponentName="u",
16	Icon(graphics={Polygon(
17	points={{-100,100},{100,0},{-100,-100},{-100,100}},
18	lineColor={0,0,127},
19	fillColor={0,0,127},
20	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid)},
21	coordinateSystem(extent={{-100,-100},{100,100}}, preserveAspectRatio=true, initialScale=0.2)),
22	Diagram(coordinateSystem(
23	preserveAspectRatio=true, initialScale=0.2,
24	extent={{-100,-100},{100,100}},
25	grid={1,1}), graphics={Polygon(
26	points={{0,50},{100,0},{0,-50},{0,50}},
27	lineColor={0,0,127},
28	fillColor={0,0,127},
29	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid), Text(
30	extent={{-10,85},{-10,60}},
31	lineColor={0,0,127},
32	textString="%name")}),
33	Documentation(info="<html>
34	<p>
35	Connector with one input signal of type Real.
36	</p>
37	</html>"));
38
39	connector RealOutput = output Real "'output Real' as connector"
40	annotation (defaultComponentName="y",
41	Icon(coordinateSystem(
42	preserveAspectRatio=true,
43	extent={{-100,-100},{100,100}},
44	grid={1,1}), graphics={Polygon(
45	points={{-100,100},{100,0},{-100,-100},{-100,100}},
46	lineColor={0,0,127},
47	fillColor={255,255,255},
48	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid)}),
49	Diagram(coordinateSystem(
50	preserveAspectRatio=true,
51	extent={{-100,-100},{100,100}},
52	grid={1,1}), graphics={Polygon(
53	points={{-100,50},{0,0},{-100,-50},{-100,50}},
54	lineColor={0,0,127},
55	fillColor={255,255,255},
56	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid), Text(
57	extent={{30,110},{30,60}},
58	lineColor={0,0,127},
59	textString="%name")}),
60	Documentation(info="<html>
61	<p>
62	Connector with one output signal of type Real.
63	</p>
64	</html>"));
65
66	connector BooleanOutput = output Boolean "'output Boolean' as connector"
67	annotation (defaultComponentName="y",
68	Icon(coordinateSystem(
69	preserveAspectRatio=true,
70	extent={{-100,-100},{100,100}},
71	grid={1,1}), graphics={Polygon(
72	points={{-100,100},{100,0},{-100,-100},{-100,100}},
73	lineColor={255,0,255},
74	fillColor={255,255,255},
75	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid)}),
76	Diagram(coordinateSystem(
77	preserveAspectRatio=true,
78	extent={{-100,-100},{100,100}},
79	grid={1,1}), graphics={Polygon(
80	points={{-100,50},{0,0},{-100,-50},{-100,50}},
81	lineColor={255,0,255},
82	fillColor={255,255,255},
83	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid), Text(
84	extent={{30,110},{30,60}},
85	lineColor={255,0,255},
86	textString="%name")}),
87	Documentation(info="<html>
88	<p>
89	Connector with one output signal of type Boolean.
90	</p>
91	</html>"));
92
93	partial block BlockIcon "Basic graphical layout of input/output block"
94
95	annotation (
96	Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-100,-100},{
97	100,100}}), graphics={Rectangle(
98	extent={{-100,-100},{100,100}},
99	lineColor={0,0,127},
100	fillColor={255,255,255},
101	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid), Text(
102	extent={{-150,150},{150,110}},
103	textString="%name",
104	lineColor={0,0,255})}),
105	Documentation(info="<html>
106	<p>
107	Block that has only the basic icon for an input/output
108	block (no declarations, no equations). Most blocks
109	of package Modelica.Blocks inherit directly or indirectly
110	from this block.
111	</p>
112	</html>"));
113
114	end BlockIcon;
115
116	partial block MO "Multiple Output continuous control block"
117	extends BlockIcon;
118
119	parameter Integer nout(min=1) = 1 "Number of outputs";
120	RealOutput y[nout] "Connector of Real output signals"
121	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{100,-10},{120,10}},
122	rotation=0)));
123	annotation (
124	Documentation(info="<html>
125	<p>
126	Block has one continuous Real output signal vector.
127	</p>
128	</html>"));
129
130	end MO;
131
132	partial block SIMO "Single Input Multiple Output continuous control block"
133	extends BlockIcon;
134	parameter Integer nout=1 "Number of outputs";
135	RealInput u "Connector of Real input signal"
136	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-140,-20},{-100,20}},
137	rotation=0)));
138	RealOutput y[nout] "Connector of Real output signals"
139	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{100,-10},{120,10}},
140	rotation=0)));
141
142	annotation (Documentation(info="<HTML>
143	<p> Block has one continuous Real input signal and a
144	vector of continuous Real output signals.</p>
145
146	</HTML>
147	"));
148	end SIMO;
149	annotation (
150	Documentation(info="<HTML>
151	<p>
152	This package contains interface definitions for
153	<b>continuous</b> input/output blocks with Real,
154	Integer and Boolean signals. Furthermore, it contains
155	partial models for continuous and discrete blocks.
156	</p>
157
158	</HTML>
159	", revisions="<html>
160	<ul>
161	<li><i>Oct. 21, 2002</i>
162	by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a>
163	and <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Christian.Schweiger/\">Christian Schweiger</a>:<br>
164	Added several new interfaces. <a href=\"modelica://Modelica/Documentation/ChangeNotes1.5.html\">Detailed description</a> available.
165	<li><i>Oct. 24, 1999</i>
166	by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a>:<br>
167	RealInputSignal renamed to RealInput. RealOutputSignal renamed to
168	output RealOutput. GraphBlock renamed to BlockIcon. SISOreal renamed to
169	SISO. SOreal renamed to SO. I2SOreal renamed to M2SO.
170	SignalGenerator renamed to SignalSource. Introduced the following
171	new models: MIMO, MIMOs, SVcontrol, MVcontrol, DiscreteBlockIcon,
172	DiscreteBlock, DiscreteSISO, DiscreteMIMO, DiscreteMIMOs,
173	BooleanBlockIcon, BooleanSISO, BooleanSignalSource, MI2BooleanMOs.</li>
174	<li><i>June 30, 1999</i>
175	by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a>:<br>
176	Realized a first version, based on an existing Dymola library
177	of Dieter Moormann and Hilding Elmqvist.</li>
178	</ul>
179	</html>
180	"));
181	end Interfaces;
182
183	package Sources
184	"Library of signal source blocks generating Real and Boolean signals"
185	import Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces;
186	import Modelica.SIunits;
187	extends Modelica.Icons.SourcesPackage;
188
189	model CombiTimeTable
190	"Table look-up with respect to time and linear/perodic extrapolation methods (data from matrix/file)"
191
192	parameter Boolean tableOnFile=false
193	"= true, if table is defined on file or in function usertab"
194	annotation(Dialog(group="table data definition"));
195	parameter Real table[:, :] = fill(0.0,0,2)
196	"Table matrix (time = first column; e.g., table=[0,2])"
197	annotation(Dialog(group="table data definition", enable = not tableOnFile));
198	parameter String tableName="NoName"
199	"Table name on file or in function usertab (see docu)"
200	annotation(Dialog(group="table data definition", enable = tableOnFile));
201	parameter String fileName="NoName" "File where matrix is stored"
202	annotation(Dialog(group="table data definition", enable = tableOnFile,
203	__Dymola_loadSelector(filter="Text files (.txt);;Matlab files (.mat)",
204	caption="Open file in which table is present")));
205	parameter Integer columns[:]=2:size(table, 2)
206	"Columns of table to be interpolated"
207	annotation(Dialog(group="table data interpretation"));
208	parameter Modelica.Blocks.Types.Smoothness smoothness=Modelica.Blocks.Types.Smoothness.LinearSegments
209	"Smoothness of table interpolation"
210	annotation(Dialog(group="table data interpretation"));
211	parameter Modelica.Blocks.Types.Extrapolation extrapolation=Modelica.Blocks.Types.Extrapolation.LastTwoPoints
212	"Extrapolation of data outside the definition range"
213	annotation(Dialog(group="table data interpretation"));
214	parameter Real offset[:]={0} "Offsets of output signals"
215	annotation(Dialog(group="table data interpretation"));
216	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Time startTime=0
217	"Output = offset for time < startTime"
218	annotation(Dialog(group="table data interpretation"));
219	extends Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.MO(final nout=max([size(columns, 1); size(offset, 1)]));
220	final parameter Real t_min(fixed=false)
221	"Minimum abscissa value defined in table";
222	final parameter Real t_max(fixed=false)
223	"Maximum abscissa value defined in table";
224
225	protected
226	final parameter Real p_offset[nout]=(if size(offset, 1) == 1 then ones(nout)
227	*offset[1] else offset);
228
229	Integer tableID;
230
231	function tableTimeInit
232	"Initialize 1-dim. table where first column is time (for details see: Modelica/Resources/C-Sources/ModelicaTables.h)"
233	input String tableName;
234	input String fileName;
235	input Real table[ :, :];
236	input Real startTime;
237	input Modelica.Blocks.Types.Smoothness smoothness;
238	input Modelica.Blocks.Types.Extrapolation extrapolation;
239	output Integer tableID;
240	external "C" tableID = ModelicaTables_CombiTimeTable_init(
241	tableName, fileName, table, size(table, 1), size(table, 2),
242	startTime, smoothness, extrapolation);
243	annotation(Library="ModelicaExternalC");
244	end tableTimeInit;
245
246	function tableTimeIpo
247	"Interpolate 1-dim. table where first column is time (for details see: Modelica/Resources/C-Sources/ModelicaTables.h)"
248	input Integer tableID;
249	input Integer icol;
250	input Real timeIn;
251	output Real value;
252	external "C" value =
253	ModelicaTables_CombiTimeTable_interpolate(tableID, icol, timeIn);
254	annotation(Library="ModelicaExternalC");
255	end tableTimeIpo;
256
257	function tableTimeTmin
258	"Return minimum time value of 1-dim. table where first column is time (for details see: Modelica/Resources/C-Sources/ModelicaTables.h)"
259	input Integer tableID;
260	output Real Tmin "minimum time value in table";
261	external "C" Tmin =
262	ModelicaTables_CombiTimeTable_minimumTime(tableID);
263	annotation(Library="ModelicaExternalC");
264	end tableTimeTmin;
265
266	function tableTimeTmax
267	"Return maximum time value of 1-dim. table where first column is time (for details see: Modelica/Resources/C-Sources/ModelicaTables.h)"
268	input Integer tableID;
269	output Real Tmax "maximum time value in table";
270	external "C" Tmax =
271	ModelicaTables_CombiTimeTable_maximumTime(tableID);
272	annotation(Library="ModelicaExternalC");
273	end tableTimeTmax;
274
275	equation
276	if tableOnFile then
277	assert(tableName<>"NoName", "tableOnFile = true and no table name given");
278	end if;
279	if not tableOnFile then
280	assert(size(table,1) > 0 and size(table,2) > 0, "tableOnFile = false and parameter table is an empty matrix");
281	end if;
282	for i in 1:nout loop
283	y[i] = p_offset[i] + tableTimeIpo(tableID, columns[i], time);
284	end for;
285	when initial() then
286	tableID=tableTimeInit((if not tableOnFile then "NoName" else tableName),
287	(if not tableOnFile then "NoName" else fileName), table,
288	startTime, smoothness, extrapolation);
289	end when;
290	initial equation
291	t_min=tableTimeTmin(tableID);
292	t_max=tableTimeTmax(tableID);
293	annotation (
294	Documentation(info="<HTML>
295	<p>
296	This block generates an output signal y[:] by <b>linear interpolation</b> in
297	a table. The time points and function values are stored in a matrix
298	<b>table[i,j]</b>, where the first column table[:,1] contains the
299	time points and the other columns contain the data to be interpolated.
300	</p>
301
302	<p>
303	<img src=\"modelica://Modelica/Resources/Images/Blocks/Sources/CombiTimeTable.png\">
304	</p>
305
306	<p>
307	Via parameter <b>columns</b> it can be defined which columns of the
308	table are interpolated. If, e.g., columns={2,4}, it is assumed that
309	2 output signals are present and that the first output is computed
310	by interpolation of column 2 and the second output is computed
311	by interpolation of column 4 of the table matrix.
312	The table interpolation has the following properties:
313	</p>
314	<ul>
315	<li>The time points need to be <b>monotonically increasing</b>. </li>
316	<li><b>Discontinuities</b> are allowed, by providing the same
317	time point twice in the table. </li>
318	<li>Values <b>outside</b> of the table range, are computed by
319	extrapolation according to the setting of parameter
320	<b>extrapolation</b>:
321	<pre>
322	extrapolation = 0: hold the first or last value of the table,
323	if outside of the range.
324	= 1: extrapolate through the last or first two
325	points of the table.
326	= 2: periodically repeat the table data
327	(periodical function).
328	</pre></li>
329	<li>Via parameter <b>smoothness</b> it is defined how the data is interpolated:
330	<pre>
331	smoothness = 0: linear interpolation
332	= 1: smooth interpolation with Akima Splines such
333	that der(y) is continuous.
334	</pre></li>
335	<li>If the table has only <b>one row</b>, no interpolation is performed and
336	the table values of this row are just returned.</li>
337	<li>Via parameters <b>startTime</b> and <b>offset</b> the curve defined
338	by the table can be shifted both in time and in the ordinate value.
339	The time instants stored in the table are therefore <b>relative</b>
340	to <b>startTime</b>.
341	If time < startTime, no interpolation is performed and the offset
342	is used as ordinate value for all outputs.
343	<li>The table is implemented in a numerically sound way by
344	generating <b>time events</b> at interval boundaries,
345	in order to not integrate over a discontinuous or not differentiable
346	points.
347	<li>For special applications it is sometimes needed to know the minimum
348	and maximum time instant defined in the table as a parameter. For this
349	reason parameters <b>t_min</b> and <b>t_max</b> are provided and can be access from
350	the outside of the table object.
351	</li>
352	</ul>
353	<p>
354	Example:
355	</p>
356	<pre>
357	table = [0 0
358	1 0
359	1 1
360	2 4
361	3 9
362	4 16]; extrapolation = 1 (default)
363	If, e.g., time = 1.0, the output y = 0.0 (before event), 1.0 (after event)
364	e.g., time = 1.5, the output y = 2.5,
365	e.g., time = 2.0, the output y = 4.0,
366	e.g., time = 5.0, the output y = 23.0 (i.e., extrapolation via last 2 points).
367	</pre>
368	<p>
369	The table matrix can be defined in the following ways:
370	</p>
371	<ol>
372	<li> Explicitly supplied as <b>parameter matrix</b> \"table\",
373	and the other parameters have the following values:
374	<pre>
375	tableName is \"NoName\" or has only blanks,
376	fileName is \"NoName\" or has only blanks.
377	</pre></li>
378	<li> <b>Read</b> from a <b>file</b> \"fileName\" where the matrix is stored as
379	\"tableName\". Both ASCII and binary file format is possible.
380	(the ASCII format is described below).
381	It is most convenient to generate the binary file from Matlab
382	(Matlab 4 storage format), e.g., by command
383	<pre>
384	save tables.mat tab1 tab2 tab3 -V4
385	</pre>
386	when the three tables tab1, tab2, tab3 should be
387	used from the model.</li>
388	<li> Statically stored in function \"usertab\" in file \"usertab.c\".
389	The matrix is identified by \"tableName\". Parameter
390	fileName = \"NoName\" or has only blanks.</li>
391	</ol>
392	<p>
393	Table definition methods (1) and (3) do <b>not</b> allocate dynamic memory,
394	and do not access files, whereas method (2) does. Therefore (1) and (3)
395	are suited for hardware-in-the-loop simulation (e.g., with dSpace hardware).
396	When the constant \"NO_FILE\" is defined in \"usertab.c\", all parts of the
397	source code of method (2) are removed by the C-preprocessor, such that
398	no dynamic memory allocation and no access to files takes place.
399	</p>
400	<p>
401	If tables are read from an ASCII-file, the file need to have the
402	following structure (\"-----\" is not part of the file content):
403	</p>
404	<pre>
405	-----------------------------------------------------
406	#1
407	double tab1(6,2) # comment line
408	0 0
409	1 0
410	1 1
411	2 4
412	3 9
413	4 16
414	double tab2(6,2) # another comment line
415	0 0
416	2 0
417	2 2
418	4 8
419	6 18
420	8 32
421	-----------------------------------------------------
422	</pre>
423	<p>
424	Note, that the first two characters in the file need to be
425	\"#1\". Afterwards, the corresponding matrix has to be declared
426	with type, name and actual dimensions. Finally, in successive
427	rows of the file, the elements of the matrix have to be given.
428	Several matrices may be defined one after another.
429	</p>
430
431	</HTML>
432	", revisions="<html>
433	<p><b>Release Notes:</b></p>
434	<ul>
435	<li><i>March 31, 2001</i>
436	by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a>:<br>
437	Used CombiTableTime as a basis and added the
438	arguments <b>extrapolation, columns, startTime</b>.
439	This allows periodic function definitions. </li>
440	</ul>
441	</html>"),Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-100,-100},{100,
442	100}}), graphics={
443	Polygon(
444	points={{-80,90},{-88,68},{-72,68},{-80,90}},
445	lineColor={192,192,192},
446	fillColor={192,192,192},
447	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
448	Line(points={{-80,68},{-80,-80}}, color={192,192,192}),
449	Line(points={{-90,-70},{82,-70}}, color={192,192,192}),
450	Polygon(
451	points={{90,-70},{68,-62},{68,-78},{90,-70}},
452	lineColor={192,192,192},
453	fillColor={192,192,192},
454	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
455	Rectangle(
456	extent={{-48,70},{2,-50}},
457	lineColor={255,255,255},
458	fillColor={255,255,0},
459	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
460	Line(points={{-48,-50},{-48,70},{52,70},{52,-50},{-48,-50},{-48,-20},
461	{52,-20},{52,10},{-48,10},{-48,40},{52,40},{52,70},{2,70},{2,-51}},
462	color={0,0,0})}),
463	Diagram(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-100,-100},{
464	100,100}}), graphics={
465	Polygon(
466	points={{-80,90},{-88,68},{-72,68},{-80,90}},
467	lineColor={95,95,95},
468	fillColor={95,95,95},
469	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
470	Line(points={{-80,68},{-80,-80}}, color={95,95,95}),
471	Line(points={{-90,-70},{82,-70}}, color={95,95,95}),
472	Polygon(
473	points={{90,-70},{68,-62},{68,-78},{90,-70}},
474	lineColor={95,95,95},
475	fillColor={95,95,95},
476	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
477	Rectangle(
478	extent={{-20,90},{20,-30}},
479	lineColor={255,255,255},
480	fillColor={192,192,192},
481	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
482	Line(points={{-20,-30},{-20,90},{80,90},{80,-30},{-20,-30},{-20,0},{
483	80,0},{80,30},{-20,30},{-20,60},{80,60},{80,90},{20,90},{20,-30}},
484	color={0,0,0}),
485	Text(
486	extent={{-71,-42},{-32,-54}},
487	lineColor={0,0,0},
488	textString="offset"),
489	Polygon(
490	points={{-31,-30},{-33,-40},{-28,-40},{-31,-30}},
491	lineColor={95,95,95},
492	fillColor={95,95,95},
493	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
494	Polygon(
495	points={{-31,-70},{-34,-60},{-29,-60},{-31,-70},{-31,-70}},
496	lineColor={95,95,95},
497	fillColor={95,95,95},
498	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
499	Line(points={{-31,-31},{-31,-70}}, color={95,95,95}),
500	Line(points={{-20,-30},{-20,-70}}, color={95,95,95}),
501	Text(
502	extent={{-42,-74},{6,-84}},
503	lineColor={0,0,0},
504	textString="startTime"),
505	Line(points={{-20,-30},{-80,-30}}, color={95,95,95}),
506	Text(
507	extent={{-73,93},{-44,74}},
508	lineColor={0,0,0},
509	textString="y"),
510	Text(
511	extent={{66,-81},{92,-92}},
512	lineColor={0,0,0},
513	textString="time"),
514	Text(
515	extent={{-19,83},{20,68}},
516	lineColor={0,0,0},
517	textString="time"),
518	Text(
519	extent={{21,82},{50,68}},
520	lineColor={0,0,0},
521	textString="y[1]"),
522	Line(points={{50,90},{50,-30}}, color={0,0,0}),
523	Line(points={{80,0},{100,0}}, color={0,0,255}),
524	Text(
525	extent={{34,-30},{71,-42}},
526	textString="columns",
527	lineColor={0,0,255}),
528	Text(
529	extent={{51,82},{80,68}},
530	lineColor={0,0,0},
531	textString="y[2]")}));
532	end CombiTimeTable;
533	annotation (
534	Documentation(info="<HTML>
535	<p>
536	This package contains <b>source</b> components, i.e., blocks which
537	have only output signals. These blocks are used as signal generators
538	for Real, Integer and Boolean signals.
539	</p>
540
541	<p>
542	All Real source signals (with the exception of the Constant source)
543	have at least the following two parameters:
544	</p>
545
546	<table border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2>
547	<tr><td valign=\"top\"><b>offset</b></td>
548	<td valign=\"top\">Value which is added to the signal</td>
549	</tr>
550	<tr><td valign=\"top\"><b>startTime</b></td>
551	<td valign=\"top\">Start time of signal. For time < startTime,
552	the output y is set to offset.</td>
553	</tr>
554	</table>
555
556	<p>
557	The <b>offset</b> parameter is especially useful in order to shift
558	the corresponding source, such that at initial time the system
559	is stationary. To determine the corresponding value of offset,
560	usually requires a trimming calculation.
561	</p>
562	</HTML>
563	", revisions="<html>
564	<ul>
565	<li><i>October 21, 2002</i>
566	by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a>
567	and <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Christian.Schweiger/\">Christian Schweiger</a>:<br>
568	Integer sources added. Step, TimeTable and BooleanStep slightly changed.</li>
569	<li><i>Nov. 8, 1999</i>
570	by <a href=\"mailto:clauss@eas.iis.fhg.de\">Christoph Clauß</a>,
571	<a href=\"mailto:Andre.Schneider@eas.iis.fraunhofer.de\">Andre.Schneider@eas.iis.fraunhofer.de</a>,
572	<a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a>:<br>
573	New sources: Exponentials, TimeTable. Trapezoid slightly enhanced
574	(nperiod=-1 is an infinite number of periods).</li>
575	<li><i>Oct. 31, 1999</i>
576	by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a>:<br>
577	<a href=\"mailto:clauss@eas.iis.fhg.de\">Christoph Clauß</a>,
578	<a href=\"mailto:Andre.Schneider@eas.iis.fraunhofer.de\">Andre.Schneider@eas.iis.fraunhofer.de</a>,
579	All sources vectorized. New sources: ExpSine, Trapezoid,
580	BooleanConstant, BooleanStep, BooleanPulse, SampleTrigger.
581	Improved documentation, especially detailed description of
582	signals in diagram layer.</li>
583	<li><i>June 29, 1999</i>
584	by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a>:<br>
585	Realized a first version, based on an existing Dymola library
586	of Dieter Moormann and Hilding Elmqvist.</li>
587	</ul>
588	</html>"));
589	end Sources;
590
591	package Tables
592	"Library of blocks to interpolate in one and two-dimensional tables"
593	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
594
595	model CombiTable1Ds
596	"Table look-up in one dimension (matrix/file) with one input and n outputs"
597
598	import Modelica.Blocks.Types;
599	parameter Boolean tableOnFile=false
600	"true, if table is defined on file or in function usertab"
601	annotation(Dialog(group="table data definition"));
602	parameter Real table[:, :]=fill(0.0,0,2)
603	"table matrix (grid = first column; e.g., table=[0,2])"
604	annotation(Dialog(group="table data definition", enable = not tableOnFile));
605	parameter String tableName="NoName"
606	"table name on file or in function usertab (see docu)"
607	annotation(Dialog(group="table data definition", enable = tableOnFile));
608	parameter String fileName="NoName" "file where matrix is stored"
609	annotation(Dialog(group="table data definition", enable = tableOnFile,
610	__Dymola_loadSelector(filter="Text files (.txt);;Matlab files (.mat)",
611	caption="Open file in which table is present")));
612	parameter Integer columns[:]=2:size(table, 2)
613	"columns of table to be interpolated"
614	annotation(Dialog(group="table data interpretation"));
615	parameter Modelica.Blocks.Types.Smoothness smoothness=Types.Smoothness.LinearSegments
616	"smoothness of table interpolation"
617	annotation(Dialog(group="table data interpretation"));
618	extends Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.SIMO(final nout=size(columns, 1));
619
620	protected
621	Integer tableID;
622
623	function tableInit
624	"Initialize 1-dim. table defined by matrix (for details see: Modelica/Resources/C-Sources/ModelicaTables.h)"
625	input String tableName;
626	input String fileName;
627	input Real table[ :, :];
628	input Modelica.Blocks.Types.Smoothness smoothness;
629	output Integer tableID;
630	external "C" tableID = ModelicaTables_CombiTable1D_init(
631	tableName, fileName, table, size(table, 1), size(table, 2),
632	smoothness);
633	annotation(Library="ModelicaExternalC");
634	end tableInit;
635
636	function tableIpo
637	"Interpolate 1-dim. table defined by matrix (for details see: Modelica/Resources/C-Sources/ModelicaTables.h)"
638	input Integer tableID;
639	input Integer icol;
640	input Real u;
641	output Real value;
642	external "C" value =
643	ModelicaTables_CombiTable1D_interpolate(tableID, icol, u);
644	annotation(Library="ModelicaExternalC");
645	end tableIpo;
646
647	equation
648	if tableOnFile then
649	assert(tableName<>"NoName", "tableOnFile = true and no table name given");
650	end if;
651	if not tableOnFile then
652	assert(size(table,1) > 0 and size(table,2) > 0, "tableOnFile = false and parameter table is an empty matrix");
653	end if;
654
655	for i in 1:nout loop
656	y[i] = if not tableOnFile and size(table,1)==1 then
657	table[1, columns[i]] else tableIpo(tableID, columns[i], u);
658	end for;
659	when initial() then
660	tableID=tableInit(if tableOnFile then tableName else "NoName",
661	if tableOnFile then fileName else "NoName", table, smoothness);
662	end when;
663	annotation (
664	Documentation(info="<html>
665	<p>
666	<b>Linear interpolation</b> in <b>one</b> dimension of a <b>table</b>.
667	Via parameter <b>columns</b> it can be defined how many columns of the
668	table are interpolated. If, e.g., icol={2,4}, it is assumed that one input
669	and 2 output signals are present and that the first output interpolates
670	via column 2 and the second output interpolates via column 4 of the
671	table matrix.
672	</p>
673	<p>
674	The grid points and function values are stored in a matrix \"table[i,j]\",
675	where the first column \"table[:,1]\" contains the grid points and the
676	other columns contain the data to be interpolated. Example:
677	</p>
678	<pre>
679	table = [0, 0;
680	1, 1;
681	2, 4;
682	4, 16]
683	If, e.g., the input u = 1.0, the output y = 1.0,
684	e.g., the input u = 1.5, the output y = 2.5,
685	e.g., the input u = 2.0, the output y = 4.0,
686	e.g., the input u =-1.0, the output y = -1.0 (i.e., extrapolation).
687	</pre>
688	<ul>
689	<li> The interpolation is <b>efficient</b>, because a search for a new interpolation
690	starts at the interval used in the last call.</li>
691	<li> If the table has only <b>one row</b>, the table value is returned,
692	independent of the value of the input signal.</li>
693	<li> If the input signal <b>u</b> is <b>outside</b> of the defined <b>interval</b>, i.e.,
694	u > table[size(table,1),1] or u < table[1,1], the corresponding
695	value is also determined by linear
696	interpolation through the last or first two points of the table.</li>
697	<li> The grid values (first column) have to be <b>strict</b>
698	monotonically increasing.</li>
699	</ul>
700	<p>
701	The table matrix can be defined in the following ways:
702	</p>
703	<ol>
704	<li> Explicitly supplied as <b>parameter matrix</b> \"table\",
705	and the other parameters have the following values:
706	<pre>
707	tableName is \"NoName\" or has only blanks,
708	fileName is \"NoName\" or has only blanks.
709	</pre></li>
710	<li> <b>Read</b> from a <b>file</b> \"fileName\" where the matrix is stored as
711	\"tableName\". Both ASCII and binary file format is possible.
712	(the ASCII format is described below).
713	It is most convenient to generate the binary file from Matlab
714	(Matlab 4 storage format), e.g., by command
715	<pre>
716	save tables.mat tab1 tab2 tab3 -V4
717	</pre>
718	when the three tables tab1, tab2, tab3 should be
719	used from the model.</li>
720	<li> Statically stored in function \"usertab\" in file \"usertab.c\".
721	The matrix is identified by \"tableName\". Parameter
722	fileName = \"NoName\" or has only blanks.</li>
723	</ol>
724	<p>
725	Table definition methods (1) and (3) do <b>not</b> allocate dynamic memory,
726	and do not access files, whereas method (2) does. Therefore (1) and (3)
727	are suited for hardware-in-the-loop simulation (e.g., with dSpace hardware).
728	When the constant \"NO_FILE\" is defined, all parts of the
729	source code of method (2) are removed by the C-preprocessor, such that
730	no dynamic memory allocation and no access to files takes place.
731	</p>
732	<p>
733	If tables are read from an ASCII-file, the file need to have the
734	following structure (\"-----\" is not part of the file content):
735	</p>
736	<pre>
737	-----------------------------------------------------
738	#1
739	double tab1(5,2) # comment line
740	0 0
741	1 1
742	2 4
743	3 9
744	4 16
745	double tab2(5,2) # another comment line
746	0 0
747	2 2
748	4 8
749	6 18
750	8 32
751	-----------------------------------------------------
752	</pre>
753	<p>
754	Note, that the first two characters in the file need to be
755	\"#1\". Afterwards, the corresponding matrix has to be declared
756	with type, name and actual dimensions. Finally, in successive
757	rows of the file, the elements of the matrix have to be given.
758	Several matrices may be defined one after another.
759	</p>
760	</HTML>
761	"), Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-100,-100},{100,
762	100}}), graphics={
763	Line(points={{-60,40},{-60,-40},{60,-40},{60,40},{30,40},{30,-40},{-30,
764	-40},{-30,40},{-60,40},{-60,20},{60,20},{60,0},{-60,0},{-60,-20},
765	{60,-20},{60,-40},{-60,-40},{-60,40},{60,40},{60,-40}}, color={
766	0,0,0}),
767	Line(points={{0,40},{0,-40}}, color={0,0,0}),
768	Rectangle(
769	extent={{-60,40},{-30,20}},
770	lineColor={0,0,0},
771	fillColor={255,255,0},
772	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
773	Rectangle(
774	extent={{-60,20},{-30,0}},
775	lineColor={0,0,0},
776	fillColor={255,255,0},
777	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
778	Rectangle(
779	extent={{-60,0},{-30,-20}},
780	lineColor={0,0,0},
781	fillColor={255,255,0},
782	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
783	Rectangle(
784	extent={{-60,-20},{-30,-40}},
785	lineColor={0,0,0},
786	fillColor={255,255,0},
787	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid)}),
788	Diagram(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-100,-100},{
789	100,100}}), graphics={
790	Rectangle(
791	extent={{-60,60},{60,-60}},
792	fillColor={235,235,235},
793	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,
794	lineColor={0,0,255}),
795	Line(points={{-100,0},{-58,0}}, color={0,0,255}),
796	Line(points={{60,0},{100,0}}, color={0,0,255}),
797	Text(
798	extent={{-100,100},{100,64}},
799	textString="1 dimensional linear table interpolation",
800	lineColor={0,0,255}),
801	Line(points={{-54,40},{-54,-40},{54,-40},{54,40},{28,40},{28,-40},{-28,
802	-40},{-28,40},{-54,40},{-54,20},{54,20},{54,0},{-54,0},{-54,-20},
803	{54,-20},{54,-40},{-54,-40},{-54,40},{54,40},{54,-40}}, color={
804	0,0,0}),
805	Line(points={{0,40},{0,-40}}, color={0,0,0}),
806	Rectangle(
807	extent={{-54,40},{-28,20}},
808	lineColor={0,0,0},
809	fillColor={255,255,0},
810	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
811	Rectangle(
812	extent={{-54,20},{-28,0}},
813	lineColor={0,0,0},
814	fillColor={255,255,0},
815	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
816	Rectangle(
817	extent={{-54,0},{-28,-20}},
818	lineColor={0,0,0},
819	fillColor={255,255,0},
820	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
821	Rectangle(
822	extent={{-54,-20},{-28,-40}},
823	lineColor={0,0,0},
824	fillColor={255,255,0},
825	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
826	Text(
827	extent={{-52,56},{-34,44}},
828	textString="u",
829	lineColor={0,0,255}),
830	Text(
831	extent={{-22,54},{2,42}},
832	textString="y[1]",
833	lineColor={0,0,255}),
834	Text(
835	extent={{4,54},{28,42}},
836	textString="y[2]",
837	lineColor={0,0,255}),
838	Text(
839	extent={{0,-40},{32,-54}},
840	textString="columns",
841	lineColor={0,0,255})}));
842	end CombiTable1Ds;
843	annotation (Documentation(info="<html>
844	<p>
845	This package contains blocks for one- and two-dimensional
846	interpolation in tables.
847	</p>
848	</html>"));
849	end Tables;
850
851	package Types
852	"Library of constants and types with choices, especially to build menus"
853	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
854
855	type Smoothness = enumeration(
856	LinearSegments "Table points are linearly interpolated",
857	ContinuousDerivative
858	"Table points are interpolated such that the first derivative is continuous")
859	"Enumeration defining the smoothness of table interpolation";
860
861	type Extrapolation = enumeration(
862	HoldLastPoint "Hold the last table point outside of the table scope",
863	LastTwoPoints
864	"Extrapolate linearly through the last two table points outside of the table scope",
865
866	Periodic "Repeat the table scope periodically")
867	"Enumeration defining the extrapolation of time table interpolation";
868	annotation ( Documentation(info="<HTML>
869	<p>
870	In this package <b>types</b> and <b>constants</b> are defined that are used
871	in library Modelica.Blocks. The types have additional annotation choices
872	definitions that define the menus to be built up in the graphical
873	user interface when the type is used as parameter in a declaration.
874	</p>
875	</HTML>"));
876	end Types;
877	annotation (
878	Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-100,-100},{100,100}}),
879	graphics={
880	Rectangle(extent={{-32,-6},{16,-35}}, lineColor={0,0,0}),
881	Rectangle(extent={{-32,-56},{16,-85}}, lineColor={0,0,0}),
882	Line(points={{16,-20},{49,-20},{49,-71},{16,-71}}, color={0,0,0}),
883	Line(points={{-32,-72},{-64,-72},{-64,-21},{-32,-21}}, color={0,0,0}),
884	Polygon(
885	points={{16,-71},{29,-67},{29,-74},{16,-71}},
886	lineColor={0,0,0},
887	fillColor={0,0,0},
888	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
889	Polygon(
890	points={{-32,-21},{-46,-17},{-46,-25},{-32,-21}},
891	lineColor={0,0,0},
892	fillColor={0,0,0},
893	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid)}),
894	Documentation(info="<html>
895	<p>
896	This library contains input/output blocks to build up block diagrams.
897	</p>
898
899	<dl>
900	<dt><b>Main Author:</b>
901	<dd><a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a><br>
902	Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)<br>
903	Oberpfaffenhofen<br>
904	Postfach 1116<br>
905	D-82230 Wessling<br>
906	email: <A HREF=\"mailto:Martin.Otter@dlr.de\">Martin.Otter@dlr.de</A><br>
907	</dl>
908	<p>
909	Copyright © 1998-2010, Modelica Association and DLR.
910	</p>
911	<p>
912	<i>This Modelica package is <u>free</u> software and the use is completely at <u>your own risk</u>; it can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms of the Modelica License 2. For license conditions (including the disclaimer of warranty) see <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.UsersGuide.ModelicaLicense2\">Modelica.UsersGuide.ModelicaLicense2</a> or visit <a href=\"http://www.modelica.org/licenses/ModelicaLicense2\"> http://www.modelica.org/licenses/ModelicaLicense2</a>.</i>
913	</p>
914	</HTML>
915	", revisions="<html>
916	<ul>
917	<li><i>June 23, 2004</i>
918	by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a>:<br>
919	Introduced new block connectors and adapated all blocks to the new connectors.
920	Included subpackages Continuous, Discrete, Logical, Nonlinear from
921	package ModelicaAdditions.Blocks.
922	Included subpackage ModelicaAdditions.Table in Modelica.Blocks.Sources
923	and in the new package Modelica.Blocks.Tables.
924	Added new blocks to Blocks.Sources and Blocks.Logical.
925	</li>
926	<li><i>October 21, 2002</i>
927	by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a>
928	and <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Christian.Schweiger/\">Christian Schweiger</a>:<br>
929	New subpackage Examples, additional components.
930	</li>
931	<li><i>June 20, 2000</i>
932	by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a> and
933	Michael Tiller:<br>
934	Introduced a replaceable signal type into
935	Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput/RealOutput:
936	<pre>
937	replaceable type SignalType = Real
938	</pre>
939	in order that the type of the signal of an input/output block
940	can be changed to a physical type, for example:
941	<pre>
942	Sine sin1(outPort(redeclare type SignalType=Modelica.SIunits.Torque))
943	</pre>
944	</li>
945	<li><i>Sept. 18, 1999</i>
946	by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a>:<br>
947	Renamed to Blocks. New subpackages Math, Nonlinear.
948	Additional components in subpackages Interfaces, Continuous
949	and Sources. </li>
950	<li><i>June 30, 1999</i>
951	by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a>:<br>
952	Realized a first version, based on an existing Dymola library
953	of Dieter Moormann and Hilding Elmqvist.</li>
954	</ul>
955	</html>"));
956	end Blocks;
957
958	package Media "Library of media property models"
959	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
960	import SI = Modelica.SIunits;
961
962	package Interfaces "Interfaces for media models"
963	extends Modelica.Icons.InterfacesPackage;
964	import SI = Modelica.SIunits;
965
966	partial package PartialMedium
967	"Partial medium properties (base package of all media packages)"
968
969	import SI = Modelica.SIunits;
970	extends Modelica.Icons.MaterialPropertiesPackage;
971
972	// Constants to be set in Medium
973	constant
974	Modelica.Media.Interfaces.PartialMedium.Choices.IndependentVariables
975	ThermoStates "Enumeration type for independent variables";
976	constant String mediumName = "unusablePartialMedium" "Name of the medium";
977	constant String substanceNames[:]={mediumName}
978	"Names of the mixture substances. Set substanceNames={mediumName} if only one substance.";
979	constant String extraPropertiesNames[:]=fill("", 0)
980	"Names of the additional (extra) transported properties. Set extraPropertiesNames=fill(\"\",0) if unused";
981	constant Boolean singleState
982	"= true, if u and d are not a function of pressure";
983	constant Boolean reducedX=true
984	"= true if medium contains the equation sum(X) = 1.0; set reducedX=true if only one substance (see docu for details)";
985	constant Boolean fixedX=false
986	"= true if medium contains the equation X = reference_X";
987	constant AbsolutePressure reference_p=101325
988	"Reference pressure of Medium: default 1 atmosphere";
989	constant Temperature reference_T=298.15
990	"Reference temperature of Medium: default 25 deg Celsius";
991	constant MassFraction reference_X[nX]= fill(1/nX, nX)
992	"Default mass fractions of medium";
993	constant AbsolutePressure p_default=101325
994	"Default value for pressure of medium (for initialization)";
995	constant Temperature T_default = Modelica.SIunits.Conversions.from_degC(20)
996	"Default value for temperature of medium (for initialization)";
997	constant SpecificEnthalpy h_default = specificEnthalpy_pTX(p_default, T_default, X_default)
998	"Default value for specific enthalpy of medium (for initialization)";
999	constant MassFraction X_default[nX]=reference_X
1000	"Default value for mass fractions of medium (for initialization)";
1001
1002	final constant Integer nS=size(substanceNames, 1) "Number of substances" annotation(Evaluate=true);
1003	constant Integer nX = nS "Number of mass fractions"
1004	annotation(Evaluate=true);
1005	constant Integer nXi=if fixedX then 0 else if reducedX then nS - 1 else nS
1006	"Number of structurally independent mass fractions (see docu for details)"
1007	annotation(Evaluate=true);
1008
1009	final constant Integer nC=size(extraPropertiesNames, 1)
1010	"Number of extra (outside of standard mass-balance) transported properties"
1011	annotation(Evaluate=true);
1012	constant Real C_nominal[nC](min=fill(Modelica.Constants.eps, nC)) = 1.0e-6*ones(nC)
1013	"Default for the nominal values for the extra properties";
1014	replaceable record FluidConstants
1015	"critical, triple, molecular and other standard data of fluid"
1016	extends Modelica.Icons.Record;
1017	String iupacName
1018	"complete IUPAC name (or common name, if non-existent)";
1019	String casRegistryNumber
1020	"chemical abstracts sequencing number (if it exists)";
1021	String chemicalFormula
1022	"Chemical formula, (brutto, nomenclature according to Hill";
1023	String structureFormula "Chemical structure formula";
1024	MolarMass molarMass "molar mass";
1025	end FluidConstants;
1026
1027	replaceable record ThermodynamicState
1028	"Minimal variable set that is available as input argument to every medium function"
1029	extends Modelica.Icons.Record;
1030	end ThermodynamicState;
1031
1032	replaceable partial model BaseProperties
1033	"Base properties (p, d, T, h, u, R, MM and, if applicable, X and Xi) of a medium"
1034	InputAbsolutePressure p "Absolute pressure of medium";
1035	InputMassFraction[nXi] Xi(start=reference_X[1:nXi])
1036	"Structurally independent mass fractions";
1037	InputSpecificEnthalpy h "Specific enthalpy of medium";
1038	Density d "Density of medium";
1039	Temperature T "Temperature of medium";
1040	MassFraction[nX] X(start=reference_X)
1041	"Mass fractions (= (component mass)/total mass m_i/m)";
1042	SpecificInternalEnergy u "Specific internal energy of medium";
1043	SpecificHeatCapacity R "Gas constant (of mixture if applicable)";
1044	MolarMass MM "Molar mass (of mixture or single fluid)";
1045	ThermodynamicState state
1046	"thermodynamic state record for optional functions";
1047	parameter Boolean preferredMediumStates=false
1048	"= true if StateSelect.prefer shall be used for the independent property variables of the medium"
1049	annotation (Evaluate=true, Dialog(tab="Advanced"));
1050	parameter Boolean standardOrderComponents = true
1051	"if true, and reducedX = true, the last element of X will be computed from the other ones";
1052	SI.Conversions.NonSIunits.Temperature_degC T_degC=
1053	Modelica.SIunits.Conversions.to_degC(T)
1054	"Temperature of medium in [degC]";
1055	SI.Conversions.NonSIunits.Pressure_bar p_bar=
1056	Modelica.SIunits.Conversions.to_bar(p)
1057	"Absolute pressure of medium in [bar]";
1058
1059	// Local connector definition, used for equation balancing check
1060	connector InputAbsolutePressure = input SI.AbsolutePressure
1061	"Pressure as input signal connector";
1062	connector InputSpecificEnthalpy = input SI.SpecificEnthalpy
1063	"Specific enthalpy as input signal connector";
1064	connector InputMassFraction = input SI.MassFraction
1065	"Mass fraction as input signal connector";
1066
1067	equation
1068	if standardOrderComponents then
1069	Xi = X[1:nXi];
1070
1071	if fixedX then
1072	X = reference_X;
1073	end if;
1074	if reducedX and not fixedX then
1075	X[nX] = 1 - sum(Xi);
1076	end if;
1077	for i in 1:nX loop
1078	assert(X[i] >= -1.e-5 and X[i] <= 1 + 1.e-5, "Mass fraction X[" +
1079	String(i) + "] = " + String(X[i]) + "of substance "
1080	+ substanceNames[i] + "\nof medium " + mediumName + " is not in the range 0..1");
1081	end for;
1082
1083	end if;
1084
1085	assert(p >= 0.0, "Pressure (= " + String(p) + " Pa) of medium \"" +
1086	mediumName + "\" is negative\n(Temperature = " + String(T) + " K)");
1087	annotation (Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-100,
1088	-100},{100,100}}), graphics={Rectangle(
1089	extent={{-100,100},{100,-100}},
1090	fillColor={255,255,255},
1091	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,
1092	lineColor={0,0,255}), Text(
1093	extent={{-152,164},{152,102}},
1094	textString="%name",
1095	lineColor={0,0,255})}),
1096	Documentation(info="<html>
1097	<p>
1098	Model <b>BaseProperties</b> is a model within package <b>PartialMedium</b>
1099	and contains the <b>declarations</b> of the minimum number of
1100	variables that every medium model is supposed to support.
1101	A specific medium inherits from model <b>BaseProperties</b> and provides
1102	the equations for the basic properties.</p>
1103	<p>
1104	The BaseProperties model contains the following <b>7+nXi variables</b>
1105	(nXi is the number of independent mass fractions defined in package
1106	PartialMedium):
1107	</p>
1108	<table border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2>
1109	<tr><td valign=\"top\"><b>Variable</b></td>
1110	<td valign=\"top\"><b>Unit</b></td>
1111	<td valign=\"top\"><b>Description</b></td></tr>
1112	<tr><td valign=\"top\">T</td>
1113	<td valign=\"top\">K</td>
1114	<td valign=\"top\">temperature</td></tr>
1115	<tr><td valign=\"top\">p</td>
1116	<td valign=\"top\">Pa</td>
1117	<td valign=\"top\">absolute pressure</td></tr>
1118	<tr><td valign=\"top\">d</td>
1119	<td valign=\"top\">kg/m3</td>
1120	<td valign=\"top\">density</td></tr>
1121	<tr><td valign=\"top\">h</td>
1122	<td valign=\"top\">J/kg</td>
1123	<td valign=\"top\">specific enthalpy</td></tr>
1124	<tr><td valign=\"top\">u</td>
1125	<td valign=\"top\">J/kg</td>
1126	<td valign=\"top\">specific internal energy</td></tr>
1127	<tr><td valign=\"top\">Xi[nXi]</td>
1128	<td valign=\"top\">kg/kg</td>
1129	<td valign=\"top\">independent mass fractions m_i/m</td></tr>
1130	<tr><td valign=\"top\">R</td>
1131	<td valign=\"top\">J/kg.K</td>
1132	<td valign=\"top\">gas constant</td></tr>
1133	<tr><td valign=\"top\">M</td>
1134	<td valign=\"top\">kg/mol</td>
1135	<td valign=\"top\">molar mass</td></tr>
1136	</table>
1137	<p>
1138	In order to implement an actual medium model, one can extend from this
1139	base model and add <b>5 equations</b> that provide relations among
1140	these variables. Equations will also have to be added in order to
1141	set all the variables within the ThermodynamicState record state.</p>
1142	<p>
1143	If standardOrderComponents=true, the full composition vector X[nX]
1144	is determined by the equations contained in this base class, depending
1145	on the independent mass fraction vector Xi[nXi].</p>
1146	<p>Additional <b>2 + nXi</b> equations will have to be provided
1147	when using the BaseProperties model, in order to fully specify the
1148	thermodynamic conditions. The input connector qualifier applied to
1149	p, h, and nXi indirectly declares the number of missing equations,
1150	permitting advanced equation balance checking by Modelica tools.
1151	Please note that this doesn't mean that the additional equations
1152	should be connection equations, nor that exactly those variables
1153	should be supplied, in order to complete the model.
1154	For further information, see the Modelica.Media User's guide, and
1155	Section 4.7 (Balanced Models) of the Modelica 3.0 specification.</p>
1156	</html>"));
1157	end BaseProperties;
1158
1159	replaceable partial function setState_pTX
1160	"Return thermodynamic state as function of p, T and composition X or Xi"
1161	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1162	input AbsolutePressure p "Pressure";
1163	input Temperature T "Temperature";
1164	input MassFraction X[:]=reference_X "Mass fractions";
1165	output ThermodynamicState state "thermodynamic state record";
1166	end setState_pTX;
1167
1168	replaceable partial function setState_phX
1169	"Return thermodynamic state as function of p, h and composition X or Xi"
1170	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1171	input AbsolutePressure p "Pressure";
1172	input SpecificEnthalpy h "Specific enthalpy";
1173	input MassFraction X[:]=reference_X "Mass fractions";
1174	output ThermodynamicState state "thermodynamic state record";
1175	end setState_phX;
1176
1177	replaceable partial function setState_psX
1178	"Return thermodynamic state as function of p, s and composition X or Xi"
1179	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1180	input AbsolutePressure p "Pressure";
1181	input SpecificEntropy s "Specific entropy";
1182	input MassFraction X[:]=reference_X "Mass fractions";
1183	output ThermodynamicState state "thermodynamic state record";
1184	end setState_psX;
1185
1186	replaceable partial function setState_dTX
1187	"Return thermodynamic state as function of d, T and composition X or Xi"
1188	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1189	input Density d "density";
1190	input Temperature T "Temperature";
1191	input MassFraction X[:]=reference_X "Mass fractions";
1192	output ThermodynamicState state "thermodynamic state record";
1193	end setState_dTX;
1194
1195	replaceable partial function setSmoothState
1196	"Return thermodynamic state so that it smoothly approximates: if x > 0 then state_a else state_b"
1197	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1198	input Real x "m_flow or dp";
1199	input ThermodynamicState state_a "Thermodynamic state if x > 0";
1200	input ThermodynamicState state_b "Thermodynamic state if x < 0";
1201	input Real x_small(min=0)
1202	"Smooth transition in the region -x_small < x < x_small";
1203	output ThermodynamicState state
1204	"Smooth thermodynamic state for all x (continuous and differentiable)";
1205	annotation(Documentation(info="<html>
1206	<p>
1207	This function is used to approximate the equation
1208	</p>
1209	<pre>
1210	state = <b>if</b> x > 0 <b>then</b> state_a <b>else</b> state_b;
1211	</pre>
1212
1213	<p>
1214	by a smooth characteristic, so that the expression is continuous and differentiable:
1215	</p>
1216
1217	<pre>
1218	state := <b>smooth</b>(1, <b>if</b> x > x_small <b>then</b> state_a <b>else</b>
1219	<b>if</b> x < -x_small <b>then</b> state_b <b>else</b> f(state_a, state_b));
1220	</pre>
1221
1222	<p>
1223	This is performed by applying function <b>Media.Common.smoothStep</b>(..)
1224	on every element of the thermodynamic state record.
1225	</p>
1226
1227	<p>
1228	If <b>mass fractions</b> X[:] are approximated with this function then this can be performed
1229	for all <b>nX</b> mass fractions, instead of applying it for nX-1 mass fractions and computing
1230	the last one by the mass fraction constraint sum(X)=1. The reason is that the approximating function has the
1231	property that sum(state.X) = 1, provided sum(state_a.X) = sum(state_b.X) = 1.
1232	This can be shown by evaluating the approximating function in the abs(x) < x_small
1233	region (otherwise state.X is either state_a.X or state_b.X):
1234	</p>
1235
1236	<pre>
1237	X[1] = smoothStep(x, X_a[1] , X_b[1] , x_small);
1238	X[2] = smoothStep(x, X_a[2] , X_b[2] , x_small);
1239	...
1240	X[nX] = smoothStep(x, X_a[nX], X_b[nX], x_small);
1241	</pre>
1242
1243	<p>
1244	or
1245	</p>
1246
1247	<pre>
1248	X[1] = c*(X_a[1] - X_b[1]) + (X_a[1] + X_b[1])/2
1249	X[2] = c*(X_a[2] - X_b[2]) + (X_a[2] + X_b[2])/2;
1250	...
1251	X[nX] = c*(X_a[nX] - X_b[nX]) + (X_a[nX] + X_b[nX])/2;
1252	c = (x/x_small)*((x/x_small)^2 - 3)/4
1253	</pre>
1254
1255	<p>
1256	Summing all mass fractions together results in
1257	</p>
1258
1259	<pre>
1260	sum(X) = c*(sum(X_a) - sum(X_b)) + (sum(X_a) + sum(X_b))/2
1261	= c*(1 - 1) + (1 + 1)/2
1262	= 1
1263	</pre>
1264
1265	</html>"));
1266	end setSmoothState;
1267
1268	replaceable partial function dynamicViscosity "Return dynamic viscosity"
1269	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1270	input ThermodynamicState state "thermodynamic state record";
1271	output DynamicViscosity eta "Dynamic viscosity";
1272	end dynamicViscosity;
1273
1274	replaceable partial function thermalConductivity
1275	"Return thermal conductivity"
1276	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1277	input ThermodynamicState state "thermodynamic state record";
1278	output ThermalConductivity lambda "Thermal conductivity";
1279	end thermalConductivity;
1280
1281	replaceable function prandtlNumber "Return the Prandtl number"
1282	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1283	input ThermodynamicState state "thermodynamic state record";
1284	output PrandtlNumber Pr "Prandtl number";
1285	algorithm
1286	Pr := dynamicViscosity(state)*specificHeatCapacityCp(state)/thermalConductivity(
1287	state);
1288	end prandtlNumber;
1289
1290	replaceable partial function pressure "Return pressure"
1291	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1292	input ThermodynamicState state "thermodynamic state record";
1293	output AbsolutePressure p "Pressure";
1294	end pressure;
1295
1296	replaceable partial function temperature "Return temperature"
1297	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1298	input ThermodynamicState state "thermodynamic state record";
1299	output Temperature T "Temperature";
1300	end temperature;
1301
1302	replaceable partial function density "Return density"
1303	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1304	input ThermodynamicState state "thermodynamic state record";
1305	output Density d "Density";
1306	end density;
1307
1308	replaceable partial function specificEnthalpy "Return specific enthalpy"
1309	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1310	input ThermodynamicState state "thermodynamic state record";
1311	output SpecificEnthalpy h "Specific enthalpy";
1312	end specificEnthalpy;
1313
1314	replaceable partial function specificInternalEnergy
1315	"Return specific internal energy"
1316	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1317	input ThermodynamicState state "thermodynamic state record";
1318	output SpecificEnergy u "Specific internal energy";
1319	end specificInternalEnergy;
1320
1321	replaceable partial function specificEntropy "Return specific entropy"
1322	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1323	input ThermodynamicState state "thermodynamic state record";
1324	output SpecificEntropy s "Specific entropy";
1325	end specificEntropy;
1326
1327	replaceable partial function specificGibbsEnergy
1328	"Return specific Gibbs energy"
1329	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1330	input ThermodynamicState state "thermodynamic state record";
1331	output SpecificEnergy g "Specific Gibbs energy";
1332	end specificGibbsEnergy;
1333
1334	replaceable partial function specificHelmholtzEnergy
1335	"Return specific Helmholtz energy"
1336	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1337	input ThermodynamicState state "thermodynamic state record";
1338	output SpecificEnergy f "Specific Helmholtz energy";
1339	end specificHelmholtzEnergy;
1340
1341	replaceable partial function specificHeatCapacityCp
1342	"Return specific heat capacity at constant pressure"
1343	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1344	input ThermodynamicState state "thermodynamic state record";
1345	output SpecificHeatCapacity cp
1346	"Specific heat capacity at constant pressure";
1347	end specificHeatCapacityCp;
1348
1349	function heatCapacity_cp = specificHeatCapacityCp
1350	"alias for deprecated name";
1351
1352	replaceable partial function specificHeatCapacityCv
1353	"Return specific heat capacity at constant volume"
1354	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1355	input ThermodynamicState state "thermodynamic state record";
1356	output SpecificHeatCapacity cv
1357	"Specific heat capacity at constant volume";
1358	end specificHeatCapacityCv;
1359
1360	function heatCapacity_cv = specificHeatCapacityCv
1361	"alias for deprecated name";
1362
1363	replaceable partial function isentropicExponent
1364	"Return isentropic exponent"
1365	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1366	input ThermodynamicState state "thermodynamic state record";
1367	output IsentropicExponent gamma "Isentropic exponent";
1368	end isentropicExponent;
1369
1370	replaceable partial function isentropicEnthalpy
1371	"Return isentropic enthalpy"
1372	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1373	input AbsolutePressure p_downstream "downstream pressure";
1374	input ThermodynamicState refState "reference state for entropy";
1375	output SpecificEnthalpy h_is "Isentropic enthalpy";
1376	annotation(Documentation(info="<html>
1377	<p>
1378	This function computes an isentropic state transformation:
1379	</p>
1380	<ol>
1381	<li> A medium is in a particular state, refState.</li>
1382	<li> The enhalpy at another state (h_is) shall be computed
1383	under the assumption that the state transformation from refState to h_is
1384	is performed with a change of specific entropy ds = 0 and the pressure of state h_is
1385	is p_downstream and the composition X upstream and downstream is assumed to be the same.</li>
1386	</ol>
1387
1388	</html>"));
1389	end isentropicEnthalpy;
1390
1391	replaceable partial function velocityOfSound "Return velocity of sound"
1392	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1393	input ThermodynamicState state "thermodynamic state record";
1394	output VelocityOfSound a "Velocity of sound";
1395	end velocityOfSound;
1396
1397	replaceable partial function isobaricExpansionCoefficient
1398	"Return overall the isobaric expansion coefficient beta"
1399	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1400	input ThermodynamicState state "thermodynamic state record";
1401	output IsobaricExpansionCoefficient beta
1402	"Isobaric expansion coefficient";
1403	annotation(Documentation(info="<html>
1404	<pre>
1405	beta is defined as 1/v * der(v,T), with v = 1/d, at constant pressure p.
1406	</pre>
1407	</html>"));
1408	end isobaricExpansionCoefficient;
1409
1410	function beta = isobaricExpansionCoefficient
1411	"alias for isobaricExpansionCoefficient for user convenience";
1412
1413	replaceable partial function isothermalCompressibility
1414	"Return overall the isothermal compressibility factor"
1415	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1416	input ThermodynamicState state "thermodynamic state record";
1417	output SI.IsothermalCompressibility kappa "Isothermal compressibility";
1418	annotation(Documentation(info="<html>
1419	<pre>
1420
1421	kappa is defined as - 1/v * der(v,p), with v = 1/d at constant temperature T.
1422
1423	</pre>
1424	</html>"));
1425	end isothermalCompressibility;
1426
1427	function kappa = isothermalCompressibility
1428	"alias of isothermalCompressibility for user convenience";
1429
1430	// explicit derivative functions for finite element models
1431	replaceable partial function density_derp_h
1432	"Return density derivative w.r.t. pressure at const specific enthalpy"
1433	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1434	input ThermodynamicState state "thermodynamic state record";
1435	output DerDensityByPressure ddph "Density derivative w.r.t. pressure";
1436	end density_derp_h;
1437
1438	replaceable partial function density_derh_p
1439	"Return density derivative w.r.t. specific enthalpy at constant pressure"
1440	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1441	input ThermodynamicState state "thermodynamic state record";
1442	output DerDensityByEnthalpy ddhp
1443	"Density derivative w.r.t. specific enthalpy";
1444	end density_derh_p;
1445
1446	replaceable partial function density_derp_T
1447	"Return density derivative w.r.t. pressure at const temperature"
1448	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1449	input ThermodynamicState state "thermodynamic state record";
1450	output DerDensityByPressure ddpT "Density derivative w.r.t. pressure";
1451	end density_derp_T;
1452
1453	replaceable partial function density_derT_p
1454	"Return density derivative w.r.t. temperature at constant pressure"
1455	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1456	input ThermodynamicState state "thermodynamic state record";
1457	output DerDensityByTemperature ddTp
1458	"Density derivative w.r.t. temperature";
1459	end density_derT_p;
1460
1461	replaceable partial function density_derX
1462	"Return density derivative w.r.t. mass fraction"
1463	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1464	input ThermodynamicState state "thermodynamic state record";
1465	output Density[nX] dddX "Derivative of density w.r.t. mass fraction";
1466	end density_derX;
1467
1468	replaceable partial function molarMass
1469	"Return the molar mass of the medium"
1470	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1471	input ThermodynamicState state "thermodynamic state record";
1472	output MolarMass MM "Mixture molar mass";
1473	end molarMass;
1474
1475	replaceable function specificEnthalpy_pTX
1476	"Return specific enthalpy from p, T, and X or Xi"
1477	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1478	input AbsolutePressure p "Pressure";
1479	input Temperature T "Temperature";
1480	input MassFraction X[:]=reference_X "Mass fractions";
1481	output SpecificEnthalpy h "Specific enthalpy";
1482	algorithm
1483	h := specificEnthalpy(setState_pTX(p,T,X));
1484	annotation(inverse(T = temperature_phX(p,h,X)));
1485	end specificEnthalpy_pTX;
1486
1487	replaceable function specificEntropy_pTX
1488	"Return specific enthalpy from p, T, and X or Xi"
1489	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1490	input AbsolutePressure p "Pressure";
1491	input Temperature T "Temperature";
1492	input MassFraction X[:]=reference_X "Mass fractions";
1493	output SpecificEntropy s "Specific entropy";
1494	algorithm
1495	s := specificEntropy(setState_pTX(p,T,X));
1496
1497	annotation(inverse(T = temperature_psX(p,s,X)));
1498	end specificEntropy_pTX;
1499
1500	replaceable function density_pTX "Return density from p, T, and X or Xi"
1501	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1502	input AbsolutePressure p "Pressure";
1503	input Temperature T "Temperature";
1504	input MassFraction X[:] "Mass fractions";
1505	output Density d "Density";
1506	algorithm
1507	d := density(setState_pTX(p,T,X));
1508	end density_pTX;
1509
1510	replaceable function temperature_phX
1511	"Return temperature from p, h, and X or Xi"
1512	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1513	input AbsolutePressure p "Pressure";
1514	input SpecificEnthalpy h "Specific enthalpy";
1515	input MassFraction X[:]=reference_X "Mass fractions";
1516	output Temperature T "Temperature";
1517	algorithm
1518	T := temperature(setState_phX(p,h,X));
1519	end temperature_phX;
1520
1521	replaceable function density_phX "Return density from p, h, and X or Xi"
1522	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1523	input AbsolutePressure p "Pressure";
1524	input SpecificEnthalpy h "Specific enthalpy";
1525	input MassFraction X[:]=reference_X "Mass fractions";
1526	output Density d "Density";
1527	algorithm
1528	d := density(setState_phX(p,h,X));
1529	end density_phX;
1530
1531	replaceable function temperature_psX
1532	"Return temperature from p,s, and X or Xi"
1533	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1534	input AbsolutePressure p "Pressure";
1535	input SpecificEntropy s "Specific entropy";
1536	input MassFraction X[:]=reference_X "Mass fractions";
1537	output Temperature T "Temperature";
1538	algorithm
1539	T := temperature(setState_psX(p,s,X));
1540	annotation(inverse(s = specificEntropy_pTX(p,T,X)));
1541	end temperature_psX;
1542
1543	replaceable function density_psX "Return density from p, s, and X or Xi"
1544	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1545	input AbsolutePressure p "Pressure";
1546	input SpecificEntropy s "Specific entropy";
1547	input MassFraction X[:]=reference_X "Mass fractions";
1548	output Density d "Density";
1549	algorithm
1550	d := density(setState_psX(p,s,X));
1551	end density_psX;
1552
1553	replaceable function specificEnthalpy_psX
1554	"Return specific enthalpy from p, s, and X or Xi"
1555	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1556	input AbsolutePressure p "Pressure";
1557	input SpecificEntropy s "Specific entropy";
1558	input MassFraction X[:]=reference_X "Mass fractions";
1559	output SpecificEnthalpy h "Specific enthalpy";
1560	algorithm
1561	h := specificEnthalpy(setState_psX(p,s,X));
1562	end specificEnthalpy_psX;
1563
1564	type AbsolutePressure = SI.AbsolutePressure (
1565	min=0,
1566	max=1.e8,
1567	nominal=1.e5,
1568	start=1.e5)
1569	"Type for absolute pressure with medium specific attributes";
1570
1571	type Density = SI.Density (
1572	min=0,
1573	max=1.e5,
1574	nominal=1,
1575	start=1) "Type for density with medium specific attributes";
1576	type DynamicViscosity = SI.DynamicViscosity (
1577	min=0,
1578	max=1.e8,
1579	nominal=1.e-3,
1580	start=1.e-3)
1581	"Type for dynamic viscosity with medium specific attributes";
1582	type EnthalpyFlowRate = SI.EnthalpyFlowRate (
1583	nominal=1000.0,
1584	min=-1.0e8,
1585	max=1.e8)
1586	"Type for enthalpy flow rate with medium specific attributes";
1587	type MassFlowRate = SI.MassFlowRate (
1588	quantity="MassFlowRate." + mediumName,
1589	min=-1.0e5,
1590	max=1.e5) "Type for mass flow rate with medium specific attributes";
1591	type MassFraction = Real (
1592	quantity="MassFraction",
1593	final unit="kg/kg",
1594	min=0,
1595	max=1,
1596	nominal=0.1) "Type for mass fraction with medium specific attributes";
1597	type MoleFraction = Real (
1598	quantity="MoleFraction",
1599	final unit="mol/mol",
1600	min=0,
1601	max=1,
1602	nominal=0.1) "Type for mole fraction with medium specific attributes";
1603	type MolarMass = SI.MolarMass (
1604	min=0.001,
1605	max=0.25,
1606	nominal=0.032) "Type for molar mass with medium specific attributes";
1607	type MolarVolume = SI.MolarVolume (
1608	min=1e-6,
1609	max=1.0e6,
1610	nominal=1.0) "Type for molar volume with medium specific attributes";
1611	type IsentropicExponent = SI.RatioOfSpecificHeatCapacities (
1612	min=1,
1613	max=500000,
1614	nominal=1.2,
1615	start=1.2)
1616	"Type for isentropic exponent with medium specific attributes";
1617	type SpecificEnergy = SI.SpecificEnergy (
1618	min=-1.0e8,
1619	max=1.e8,
1620	nominal=1.e6)
1621	"Type for specific energy with medium specific attributes";
1622	type SpecificInternalEnergy = SpecificEnergy
1623	"Type for specific internal energy with medium specific attributes";
1624	type SpecificEnthalpy = SI.SpecificEnthalpy (
1625	min=-1.0e10,
1626	max=1.e10,
1627	nominal=1.e6)
1628	"Type for specific enthalpy with medium specific attributes";
1629	type SpecificEntropy = SI.SpecificEntropy (
1630	min=-1.e7,
1631	max=1.e7,
1632	nominal=1.e3)
1633	"Type for specific entropy with medium specific attributes";
1634	type SpecificHeatCapacity = SI.SpecificHeatCapacity (
1635	min=0,
1636	max=1.e7,
1637	nominal=1.e3,
1638	start=1.e3)
1639	"Type for specific heat capacity with medium specific attributes";
1640	type SurfaceTension = SI.SurfaceTension
1641	"Type for surface tension with medium specific attributes";
1642	type Temperature = SI.Temperature (
1643	min=1,
1644	max=1.e4,
1645	nominal=300,
1646	start=300) "Type for temperature with medium specific attributes";
1647	type ThermalConductivity = SI.ThermalConductivity (
1648	min=0,
1649	max=500,
1650	nominal=1,
1651	start=1)
1652	"Type for thermal conductivity with medium specific attributes";
1653	type PrandtlNumber = SI.PrandtlNumber (
1654	min=1e-3,
1655	max=1e5,
1656	nominal=1.0)
1657	"Type for Prandtl number with medium specific attributes";
1658	type VelocityOfSound = SI.Velocity (
1659	min=0,
1660	max=1.e5,
1661	nominal=1000,
1662	start=1000)
1663	"Type for velocity of sound with medium specific attributes";
1664	type ExtraProperty = Real (min=0.0, start=1.0)
1665	"Type for unspecified, mass-specific property transported by flow";
1666	type CumulativeExtraProperty = Real (min=0.0, start=1.0)
1667	"Type for conserved integral of unspecified, mass specific property";
1668	type ExtraPropertyFlowRate = Real(unit="kg/s")
1669	"Type for flow rate of unspecified, mass-specific property";
1670	type IsobaricExpansionCoefficient = Real (
1671	min=0,
1672	max=1.0e8,
1673	unit="1/K")
1674	"Type for isobaric expansion coefficient with medium specific attributes";
1675	type DipoleMoment = Real (
1676	min=0.0,
1677	max=2.0,
1678	unit="debye",
1679	quantity="ElectricDipoleMoment")
1680	"Type for dipole moment with medium specific attributes";
1681
1682	type DerDensityByPressure = SI.DerDensityByPressure
1683	"Type for partial derivative of density with resect to pressure with medium specific attributes";
1684	type DerDensityByEnthalpy = SI.DerDensityByEnthalpy
1685	"Type for partial derivative of density with resect to enthalpy with medium specific attributes";
1686	type DerEnthalpyByPressure = SI.DerEnthalpyByPressure
1687	"Type for partial derivative of enthalpy with resect to pressure with medium specific attributes";
1688	type DerDensityByTemperature = SI.DerDensityByTemperature
1689	"Type for partial derivative of density with resect to temperature with medium specific attributes";
1690
1691	package Choices "Types, constants to define menu choices"
1692
1693	type IndependentVariables = enumeration(
1694	T "Temperature",
1695	pT "Pressure, Temperature",
1696	ph "Pressure, Specific Enthalpy",
1697	phX "Pressure, Specific Enthalpy, Mass Fraction",
1698	pTX "Pressure, Temperature, Mass Fractions",
1699	dTX "Density, Temperature, Mass Fractions")
1700	"Enumeration defining the independent variables of a medium";
1701
1702	type Init = enumeration(
1703	NoInit "NoInit (no initialization)",
1704	InitialStates "InitialStates (initialize medium states)",
1705	SteadyState "SteadyState (initialize in steady state)",
1706	SteadyMass
1707	"SteadyMass (initialize density or pressure in steady state)")
1708	"Enumeration defining initialization for fluid flow"
1709	annotation (Evaluate=true);
1710
1711	type ReferenceEnthalpy = enumeration(
1712	ZeroAt0K
1713	"The enthalpy is 0 at 0 K (default), if the enthalpy of formation is excluded",
1714
1715	ZeroAt25C
1716	"The enthalpy is 0 at 25 degC, if the enthalpy of formation is excluded",
1717
1718	UserDefined
1719	"The user-defined reference enthalpy is used at 293.15 K (25 degC)")
1720	"Enumeration defining the reference enthalpy of a medium"
1721	annotation (Evaluate=true);
1722
1723	type ReferenceEntropy = enumeration(
1724	ZeroAt0K "The entropy is 0 at 0 K (default)",
1725	ZeroAt0C "The entropy is 0 at 0 degC",
1726	UserDefined
1727	"The user-defined reference entropy is used at 293.15 K (25 degC)")
1728	"Enumeration defining the reference entropy of a medium"
1729	annotation (Evaluate=true);
1730
1731	type pd = enumeration(
1732	default "Default (no boundary condition for p or d)",
1733	p_known "p_known (pressure p is known)",
1734	d_known "d_known (density d is known)")
1735	"Enumeration defining whether p or d are known for the boundary condition"
1736	annotation (Evaluate=true);
1737
1738	type Th = enumeration(
1739	default "Default (no boundary condition for T or h)",
1740	T_known "T_known (temperature T is known)",
1741	h_known "h_known (specific enthalpy h is known)")
1742	"Enumeration defining whether T or h are known as boundary condition"
1743	annotation (Evaluate=true);
1744
1745	annotation (Documentation(info="<html>
1746	<p>
1747	Enumerations and data types for all types of fluids
1748	</p>
1749
1750	<p>
1751	Note: Reference enthalpy might have to be extended with enthalpy of formation.
1752	</p>
1753	</html>"));
1754	end Choices;
1755
1756	annotation (Documentation(info="<html>
1757	<p>
1758	<b>PartialMedium</b> is a package and contains all <b>declarations</b> for
1759	a medium. This means that constants, models, and functions
1760	are defined that every medium is supposed to support
1761	(some of them are optional). A medium package
1762	inherits from <b>PartialMedium</b> and provides the
1763	equations for the medium. The details of this package
1764	are described in
1765	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.UsersGuide\">Modelica.Media.UsersGuide</a>.
1766	</p>
1767	</html>
1768	", revisions="<html>
1769
1770	</html>"));
1771	end PartialMedium;
1772
1773	partial package PartialPureSubstance
1774	"base class for pure substances of one chemical substance"
1775	extends PartialMedium(final reducedX = true, final fixedX=true);
1776
1777	replaceable function setState_pT "Return thermodynamic state from p and T"
1778	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1779	input AbsolutePressure p "Pressure";
1780	input Temperature T "Temperature";
1781	output ThermodynamicState state "thermodynamic state record";
1782	algorithm
1783	state := setState_pTX(p,T,fill(0,0));
1784	end setState_pT;
1785
1786	replaceable function setState_ph
1787	"Return thermodynamic state from p and h"
1788	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1789	input AbsolutePressure p "Pressure";
1790	input SpecificEnthalpy h "Specific enthalpy";
1791	output ThermodynamicState state "thermodynamic state record";
1792	algorithm
1793	state := setState_phX(p,h,fill(0, 0));
1794	end setState_ph;
1795
1796	replaceable function setState_ps
1797	"Return thermodynamic state from p and s"
1798	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1799	input AbsolutePressure p "Pressure";
1800	input SpecificEntropy s "Specific entropy";
1801	output ThermodynamicState state "thermodynamic state record";
1802	algorithm
1803	state := setState_psX(p,s,fill(0,0));
1804	end setState_ps;
1805
1806	replaceable function setState_dT
1807	"Return thermodynamic state from d and T"
1808	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1809	input Density d "density";
1810	input Temperature T "Temperature";
1811	output ThermodynamicState state "thermodynamic state record";
1812	algorithm
1813	state := setState_dTX(d,T,fill(0,0));
1814	end setState_dT;
1815
1816	replaceable function density_ph "Return density from p and h"
1817	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1818	input AbsolutePressure p "Pressure";
1819	input SpecificEnthalpy h "Specific enthalpy";
1820	output Density d "Density";
1821	algorithm
1822	d := density_phX(p, h, fill(0,0));
1823	end density_ph;
1824
1825	replaceable function temperature_ph "Return temperature from p and h"
1826	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1827	input AbsolutePressure p "Pressure";
1828	input SpecificEnthalpy h "Specific enthalpy";
1829	output Temperature T "Temperature";
1830	algorithm
1831	T := temperature_phX(p, h, fill(0,0));
1832	end temperature_ph;
1833
1834	replaceable function pressure_dT "Return pressure from d and T"
1835	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1836	input Density d "Density";
1837	input Temperature T "Temperature";
1838	output AbsolutePressure p "Pressure";
1839	algorithm
1840	p := pressure(setState_dTX(d, T, fill(0,0)));
1841	end pressure_dT;
1842
1843	replaceable function specificEnthalpy_dT
1844	"Return specific enthalpy from d and T"
1845	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1846	input Density d "Density";
1847	input Temperature T "Temperature";
1848	output SpecificEnthalpy h "specific enthalpy";
1849	algorithm
1850	h := specificEnthalpy(setState_dTX(d, T, fill(0,0)));
1851	end specificEnthalpy_dT;
1852
1853	replaceable function specificEnthalpy_ps
1854	"Return specific enthalpy from p and s"
1855	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1856	input AbsolutePressure p "Pressure";
1857	input SpecificEntropy s "Specific entropy";
1858	output SpecificEnthalpy h "specific enthalpy";
1859	algorithm
1860	h := specificEnthalpy_psX(p,s,fill(0,0));
1861	end specificEnthalpy_ps;
1862
1863	replaceable function temperature_ps "Return temperature from p and s"
1864	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1865	input AbsolutePressure p "Pressure";
1866	input SpecificEntropy s "Specific entropy";
1867	output Temperature T "Temperature";
1868	algorithm
1869	T := temperature_psX(p,s,fill(0,0));
1870	end temperature_ps;
1871
1872	replaceable function density_ps "Return density from p and s"
1873	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1874	input AbsolutePressure p "Pressure";
1875	input SpecificEntropy s "Specific entropy";
1876	output Density d "Density";
1877	algorithm
1878	d := density_psX(p, s, fill(0,0));
1879	end density_ps;
1880
1881	replaceable function specificEnthalpy_pT
1882	"Return specific enthalpy from p and T"
1883	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1884	input AbsolutePressure p "Pressure";
1885	input Temperature T "Temperature";
1886	output SpecificEnthalpy h "specific enthalpy";
1887	algorithm
1888	h := specificEnthalpy_pTX(p, T, fill(0,0));
1889	end specificEnthalpy_pT;
1890
1891	replaceable function density_pT "Return density from p and T"
1892	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1893	input AbsolutePressure p "Pressure";
1894	input Temperature T "Temperature";
1895	output Density d "Density";
1896	algorithm
1897	d := density(setState_pTX(p, T, fill(0,0)));
1898	end density_pT;
1899
1900	redeclare replaceable partial model extends BaseProperties(
1901	final standardOrderComponents=true)
1902	end BaseProperties;
1903	end PartialPureSubstance;
1904
1905	partial package PartialMixtureMedium
1906	"Base class for pure substances of several chemical substances"
1907	extends PartialMedium;
1908
1909	redeclare replaceable record extends ThermodynamicState
1910	"thermodynamic state variables"
1911	AbsolutePressure p "Absolute pressure of medium";
1912	Temperature T "Temperature of medium";
1913	MassFraction X[nX]
1914	"Mass fractions (= (component mass)/total mass m_i/m)";
1915	end ThermodynamicState;
1916
1917	redeclare replaceable record extends FluidConstants
1918	"extended fluid constants"
1919	Temperature criticalTemperature "critical temperature";
1920	AbsolutePressure criticalPressure "critical pressure";
1921	MolarVolume criticalMolarVolume "critical molar Volume";
1922	Real acentricFactor "Pitzer acentric factor";
1923	Temperature triplePointTemperature "triple point temperature";
1924	AbsolutePressure triplePointPressure "triple point pressure";
1925	Temperature meltingPoint "melting point at 101325 Pa";
1926	Temperature normalBoilingPoint "normal boiling point (at 101325 Pa)";
1927	DipoleMoment dipoleMoment
1928	"dipole moment of molecule in Debye (1 debye = 3.33564e10-30 C.m)";
1929	Boolean hasIdealGasHeatCapacity=false
1930	"true if ideal gas heat capacity is available";
1931	Boolean hasCriticalData=false "true if critical data are known";
1932	Boolean hasDipoleMoment=false "true if a dipole moment known";
1933	Boolean hasFundamentalEquation=false "true if a fundamental equation";
1934	Boolean hasLiquidHeatCapacity=false
1935	"true if liquid heat capacity is available";
1936	Boolean hasSolidHeatCapacity=false
1937	"true if solid heat capacity is available";
1938	Boolean hasAccurateViscosityData=false
1939	"true if accurate data for a viscosity function is available";
1940	Boolean hasAccurateConductivityData=false
1941	"true if accurate data for thermal conductivity is available";
1942	Boolean hasVapourPressureCurve=false
1943	"true if vapour pressure data, e.g., Antoine coefficents are known";
1944	Boolean hasAcentricFactor=false
1945	"true if Pitzer accentric factor is known";
1946	SpecificEnthalpy HCRIT0=0.0
1947	"Critical specific enthalpy of the fundamental equation";
1948	SpecificEntropy SCRIT0=0.0
1949	"Critical specific entropy of the fundamental equation";
1950	SpecificEnthalpy deltah=0.0
1951	"Difference between specific enthalpy model (h_m) and f.eq. (h_f) (h_m - h_f)";
1952	SpecificEntropy deltas=0.0
1953	"Difference between specific enthalpy model (s_m) and f.eq. (s_f) (s_m - s_f)";
1954	end FluidConstants;
1955
1956	constant FluidConstants[nS] fluidConstants "constant data for the fluid";
1957
1958	replaceable function gasConstant
1959	"Return the gas constant of the mixture (also for liquids)"
1960	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1961	input ThermodynamicState state "thermodynamic state";
1962	output SI.SpecificHeatCapacity R "mixture gas constant";
1963	end gasConstant;
1964
1965	function moleToMassFractions
1966	"Return mass fractions X from mole fractions"
1967	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1968	input SI.MoleFraction moleFractions[:] "Mole fractions of mixture";
1969	input MolarMass[:] MMX "molar masses of components";
1970	output SI.MassFraction X[size(moleFractions, 1)]
1971	"Mass fractions of gas mixture";
1972	protected
1973	MolarMass Mmix = moleFractions*MMX "molar mass of mixture";
1974	algorithm
1975	for i in 1:size(moleFractions, 1) loop
1976	X[i] := moleFractions[i]*MMX[i] /Mmix;
1977	end for;
1978	annotation(smoothOrder=5);
1979	end moleToMassFractions;
1980
1981	function massToMoleFractions
1982	"Return mole fractions from mass fractions X"
1983	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
1984	input SI.MassFraction X[:] "Mass fractions of mixture";
1985	input SI.MolarMass[:] MMX "molar masses of components";
1986	output SI.MoleFraction moleFractions[size(X, 1)]
1987	"Mole fractions of gas mixture";
1988	protected
1989	Real invMMX[size(X, 1)] "inverses of molar weights";
1990	SI.MolarMass Mmix "molar mass of mixture";
1991	algorithm
1992	for i in 1:size(X, 1) loop
1993	invMMX[i] := 1/MMX[i];
1994	end for;
1995	Mmix := 1/(X*invMMX);
1996	for i in 1:size(X, 1) loop
1997	moleFractions[i] := Mmix*X[i]/MMX[i];
1998	end for;
1999	annotation(smoothOrder=5);
2000	end massToMoleFractions;
2001
2002	end PartialMixtureMedium;
2003
2004	partial package PartialCondensingGases
2005	"Base class for mixtures of condensing and non-condensing gases"
2006	extends PartialMixtureMedium(
2007	ThermoStates = Choices.IndependentVariables.pTX);
2008
2009	replaceable partial function saturationPressure
2010	"Return saturation pressure of condensing fluid"
2011	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2012	input Temperature Tsat "saturation temperature";
2013	output AbsolutePressure psat "saturation pressure";
2014	end saturationPressure;
2015
2016	replaceable partial function enthalpyOfVaporization
2017	"Return vaporization enthalpy of condensing fluid"
2018	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2019	input Temperature T "temperature";
2020	output SpecificEnthalpy r0 "vaporization enthalpy";
2021	end enthalpyOfVaporization;
2022
2023	replaceable partial function enthalpyOfLiquid
2024	"Return liquid enthalpy of condensing fluid"
2025	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2026	input Temperature T "temperature";
2027	output SpecificEnthalpy h "liquid enthalpy";
2028	end enthalpyOfLiquid;
2029
2030	replaceable partial function enthalpyOfGas
2031	"Return enthalpy of non-condensing gas mixture"
2032	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2033	input Temperature T "temperature";
2034	input MassFraction[:] X "vector of mass fractions";
2035	output SpecificEnthalpy h "specific enthalpy";
2036	end enthalpyOfGas;
2037
2038	replaceable partial function enthalpyOfCondensingGas
2039	"Return enthalpy of condensing gas (most often steam)"
2040	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2041	input Temperature T "temperature";
2042	output SpecificEnthalpy h "specific enthalpy";
2043	end enthalpyOfCondensingGas;
2044
2045	replaceable partial function enthalpyOfNonCondensingGas
2046	"Return enthalpy of the non-condensing species"
2047	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2048	input Temperature T "temperature";
2049	output SpecificEnthalpy h "specific enthalpy";
2050	end enthalpyOfNonCondensingGas;
2051	end PartialCondensingGases;
2052	annotation (Documentation(info="<HTML>
2053	<p>
2054	This package provides basic interfaces definitions of media models for different
2055	kind of media.
2056	</p>
2057	</HTML>"));
2058	end Interfaces;
2059
2060	package Common
2061	"data structures and fundamental functions for fluid properties"
2062	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
2063
2064	function smoothStep
2065	"Approximation of a general step, such that the characteristic is continuous and differentiable"
2066	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2067	input Real x "Abszissa value";
2068	input Real y1 "Ordinate value for x > 0";
2069	input Real y2 "Ordinate value for x < 0";
2070	input Real x_small(min=0) = 1e-5
2071	"Approximation of step for -x_small <= x <= x_small; x_small > 0 required";
2072	output Real y
2073	"Ordinate value to approximate y = if x > 0 then y1 else y2";
2074	algorithm
2075	y := smooth(1, if x > x_small then y1 else
2076	if x < -x_small then y2 else
2077	if abs(x_small)>0 then (x/x_small)((x/x_small)^2 - 3)(y2-y1)/4 + (y1+y2)/2 else (y1+y2)/2);
2078
2079	annotation(Documentation(revisions="<html>
2080	<ul>
2081	<li><i>April 29, 2008</i>
2082	by <a href=\"mailto:Martin.Otter@DLR.de\">Martin Otter</a>:<br>
2083	Designed and implemented.</li>
2084	<li><i>August 12, 2008</i>
2085	by <a href=\"mailto:Michael.Sielemann@dlr.de\">Michael Sielemann</a>:<br>
2086	Minor modification to cover the limit case <code>x_small -> 0</code> without division by zero.</li>
2087	</ul>
2088	</html>", info="<html>
2089	<p>
2090	This function is used to approximate the equation
2091	</p>
2092	<pre>
2093	y = <b>if</b> x > 0 <b>then</b> y1 <b>else</b> y2;
2094	</pre>
2095
2096	<p>
2097	by a smooth characteristic, so that the expression is continuous and differentiable:
2098	</p>
2099
2100	<pre>
2101	y = <b>smooth</b>(1, <b>if</b> x > x_small <b>then</b> y1 <b>else</b>
2102	<b>if</b> x < -x_small <b>then</b> y2 <b>else</b> f(y1, y2));
2103	</pre>
2104
2105	<p>
2106	In the region -x_small < x < x_small a 2nd order polynomial is used
2107	for a smooth transition from y1 to y2.
2108	</p>
2109
2110	<p>
2111	If <b>mass fractions</b> X[:] are approximated with this function then this can be performed
2112	for all <b>nX</b> mass fractions, instead of applying it for nX-1 mass fractions and computing
2113	the last one by the mass fraction constraint sum(X)=1. The reason is that the approximating function has the
2114	property that sum(X) = 1, provided sum(X_a) = sum(X_b) = 1
2115	(and y1=X_a[i], y2=X_b[i]).
2116	This can be shown by evaluating the approximating function in the abs(x) < x_small
2117	region (otherwise X is either X_a or X_b):
2118	</p>
2119
2120	<pre>
2121	X[1] = smoothStep(x, X_a[1] , X_b[1] , x_small);
2122	X[2] = smoothStep(x, X_a[2] , X_b[2] , x_small);
2123	...
2124	X[nX] = smoothStep(x, X_a[nX], X_b[nX], x_small);
2125	</pre>
2126
2127	<p>
2128	or
2129	</p>
2130
2131	<pre>
2132	X[1] = c*(X_a[1] - X_b[1]) + (X_a[1] + X_b[1])/2
2133	X[2] = c*(X_a[2] - X_b[2]) + (X_a[2] + X_b[2])/2;
2134	...
2135	X[nX] = c*(X_a[nX] - X_b[nX]) + (X_a[nX] + X_b[nX])/2;
2136	c = (x/x_small)*((x/x_small)^2 - 3)/4
2137	</pre>
2138
2139	<p>
2140	Summing all mass fractions together results in
2141	</p>
2142
2143	<pre>
2144	sum(X) = c*(sum(X_a) - sum(X_b)) + (sum(X_a) + sum(X_b))/2
2145	= c*(1 - 1) + (1 + 1)/2
2146	= 1
2147	</pre>
2148	</html>"));
2149	end smoothStep;
2150
2151	package OneNonLinearEquation
2152	"Determine solution of a non-linear algebraic equation in one unknown without derivatives in a reliable and efficient way"
2153	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
2154
2155	replaceable record f_nonlinear_Data
2156	"Data specific for function f_nonlinear"
2157	extends Modelica.Icons.Record;
2158	end f_nonlinear_Data;
2159
2160	replaceable partial function f_nonlinear
2161	"Nonlinear algebraic equation in one unknown: y = f_nonlinear(x,p,X)"
2162	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2163	input Real x "Independent variable of function";
2164	input Real p = 0.0
2165	"disregaded variables (here always used for pressure)";
2166	input Real[:] X = fill(0,0)
2167	"disregaded variables (her always used for composition)";
2168	input f_nonlinear_Data f_nonlinear_data
2169	"Additional data for the function";
2170	output Real y "= f_nonlinear(x)";
2171	// annotation(derivative(zeroDerivative=y)); // this must hold for all replaced functions
2172	end f_nonlinear;
2173
2174	replaceable function solve
2175	"Solve f_nonlinear(x_zero)=y_zero; f_nonlinear(x_min) - y_zero and f_nonlinear(x_max)-y_zero must have different sign"
2176	import Modelica.Utilities.Streams.error;
2177	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2178	input Real y_zero
2179	"Determine x_zero, such that f_nonlinear(x_zero) = y_zero";
2180	input Real x_min "Minimum value of x";
2181	input Real x_max "Maximum value of x";
2182	input Real pressure = 0.0
2183	"disregaded variables (here always used for pressure)";
2184	input Real[:] X = fill(0,0)
2185	"disregaded variables (here always used for composition)";
2186	input f_nonlinear_Data f_nonlinear_data
2187	"Additional data for function f_nonlinear";
2188	input Real x_tol = 100*Modelica.Constants.eps
2189	"Relative tolerance of the result";
2190	output Real x_zero "f_nonlinear(x_zero) = y_zero";
2191	protected
2192	constant Real eps = Modelica.Constants.eps "machine epsilon";
2193	constant Real x_eps = 1e-10
2194	"Slight modification of x_min, x_max, since x_min, x_max are usually exactly at the borders T_min/h_min and then small numeric noise may make the interval invalid";
2195	Real x_min2 = x_min - x_eps;
2196	Real x_max2 = x_max + x_eps;
2197	Real a = x_min2 "Current best minimum interval value";
2198	Real b = x_max2 "Current best maximum interval value";
2199	Real c "Intermediate point a <= c <= b";
2200	Real d;
2201	Real e "b - a";
2202	Real m;
2203	Real s;
2204	Real p;
2205	Real q;
2206	Real r;
2207	Real tol;
2208	Real fa "= f_nonlinear(a) - y_zero";
2209	Real fb "= f_nonlinear(b) - y_zero";
2210	Real fc;
2211	Boolean found = false;
2212	algorithm
2213	// Check that f(x_min) and f(x_max) have different sign
2214	fa :=f_nonlinear(x_min2, pressure, X, f_nonlinear_data) - y_zero;
2215	fb :=f_nonlinear(x_max2, pressure, X, f_nonlinear_data) - y_zero;
2216	fc := fb;
2217	if fa > 0.0 and fb > 0.0 or
2218	fa < 0.0 and fb < 0.0 then
2219	error("The arguments x_min and x_max to OneNonLinearEquation.solve(..)\n" +
2220	"do not bracket the root of the single non-linear equation:\n" +
2221	" x_min = " + String(x_min2) + "\n" +
2222	" x_max = " + String(x_max2) + "\n" +
2223	" y_zero = " + String(y_zero) + "\n" +
2224	" fa = f(x_min) - y_zero = " + String(fa) + "\n" +
2225	" fb = f(x_max) - y_zero = " + String(fb) + "\n" +
2226	"fa and fb must have opposite sign which is not the case");
2227	end if;
2228
2229	// Initialize variables
2230	c :=a;
2231	fc :=fa;
2232	e :=b - a;
2233	d :=e;
2234
2235	// Search loop
2236	while not found loop
2237	if abs(fc) < abs(fb) then
2238	a :=b;
2239	b :=c;
2240	c :=a;
2241	fa :=fb;
2242	fb :=fc;
2243	fc :=fa;
2244	end if;
2245
2246	tol :=2epsabs(b) + x_tol;
2247	m :=(c - b)/2;
2248
2249	if abs(m) <= tol or fb == 0.0 then
2250	// root found (interval is small enough)
2251	found :=true;
2252	x_zero :=b;
2253	else
2254	// Determine if a bisection is needed
2255	if abs(e) < tol or abs(fa) <= abs(fb) then
2256	e :=m;
2257	d :=e;
2258	else
2259	s :=fb/fa;
2260	if a == c then
2261	// linear interpolation
2262	p :=2ms;
2263	q :=1 - s;
2264	else
2265	// inverse quadratic interpolation
2266	q :=fa/fc;
2267	r :=fb/fc;
2268	p :=s(2mq(q - r) - (b - a)*(r - 1));
2269	q :=(q - 1)(r - 1)(s - 1);
2270	end if;
2271
2272	if p > 0 then
2273	q :=-q;
2274	else
2275	p :=-p;
2276	end if;
2277
2278	s :=e;
2279	e :=d;
2280	if 2p < 3mq-abs(tolq) and p < abs(0.5sq) then
2281	// interpolation successful
2282	d :=p/q;
2283	else
2284	// use bi-section
2285	e :=m;
2286	d :=e;
2287	end if;
2288	end if;
2289
2290	// Best guess value is defined as "a"
2291	a :=b;
2292	fa :=fb;
2293	b :=b + (if abs(d) > tol then d else if m > 0 then tol else -tol);
2294	fb :=f_nonlinear(b, pressure, X, f_nonlinear_data) - y_zero;
2295
2296	if fb > 0 and fc > 0 or
2297	fb < 0 and fc < 0 then
2298	// initialize variables
2299	c :=a;
2300	fc :=fa;
2301	e :=b - a;
2302	d :=e;
2303	end if;
2304	end if;
2305	end while;
2306	end solve;
2307
2308	annotation (Documentation(info="<html>
2309	<p>
2310	This function should currently only be used in Modelica.Media,
2311	since it might be replaced in the future by another strategy,
2312	where the tool is responsible for the solution of the non-linear
2313	equation.
2314	</p>
2315
2316	<p>
2317	This library determines the solution of one non-linear algebraic equation \"y=f(x)\"
2318	in one unknown \"x\" in a reliable way. As input, the desired value y of the
2319	non-linear function has to be given, as well as an interval x_min, x_max that
2320	contains the solution, i.e., \"f(x_min) - y\" and \"f(x_max) - y\" must
2321	have a different sign. If possible, a smaller interval is computed by
2322	inverse quadratic interpolation (interpolating with a quadratic polynomial
2323	through the last 3 points and computing the zero). If this fails,
2324	bisection is used, which always reduces the interval by a factor of 2.
2325	The inverse quadratic interpolation method has superlinear convergence.
2326	This is roughly the same convergence rate as a globally convergent Newton
2327	method, but without the need to compute derivatives of the non-linear
2328	function. The solver function is a direct mapping of the Algol 60 procedure
2329	\"zero\" to Modelica, from:
2330	</p>
2331
2332	<dl>
2333	<dt> Brent R.P.:</dt>
2334	<dd> <b>Algorithms for Minimization without derivatives</b>.
2335	Prentice Hall, 1973, pp. 58-59.</dd>
2336	</dl>
2337
2338	<p>
2339	Due to current limitations of the
2340	Modelica language (not possible to pass a function reference to a function),
2341	the construction to use this solver on a user-defined function is a bit
2342	complicated (this method is from Hans Olsson, Dassault Systèmes AB). A user has to
2343	provide a package in the following way:
2344	</p>
2345
2346	<pre>
2347	<b>package</b> MyNonLinearSolver
2348	<b>extends</b> OneNonLinearEquation;
2349
2350	<b>redeclare record extends</b> Data
2351	// Define data to be passed to user function
2352	...
2353	<b>end</b> Data;
2354
2355	<b>redeclare function extends</b> f_nonlinear
2356	<b>algorithm</b>
2357	// Compute the non-linear equation: y = f(x, Data)
2358	<b>end</b> f_nonlinear;
2359
2360	// Dummy definition that has to be present for current Dymola
2361	<b>redeclare function extends</b> solve
2362	<b>end</b> solve;
2363	<b>end</b> MyNonLinearSolver;
2364
2365	x_zero = MyNonLinearSolver.solve(y_zero, x_min, x_max, data=data);
2366	</pre>
2367	</html>"));
2368	end OneNonLinearEquation;
2369	annotation (Documentation(info="<HTML><h4>Package description</h4>
2370	<p>Package Modelica.Media.Common provides records and functions shared by many of the property sub-packages.
2371	High accuracy fluid property models share a lot of common structure, even if the actual models are different.
2372	Common data structures and computations shared by these property models are collected in this library.
2373	</p>
2374
2375	</HTML>
2376	", revisions="<html>
2377	<ul>
2378	<li>First implemented: <i>July, 2000</i>
2379	by <a href=\"http://www.control.lth.se/~hubertus/\">Hubertus Tummescheit</a>
2380	for the ThermoFluid Library with help from Jonas Eborn and Falko Jens Wagner
2381	</li>
2382	<li>Code reorganization, enhanced documentation, additional functions: <i>December, 2002</i>
2383	by <a href=\"http://www.control.lth.se/~hubertus/\">Hubertus Tummescheit</a> and move to Modelica
2384	properties library.</li>
2385	<li>Inclusion into Modelica.Media: September 2003 </li>
2386	</ul>
2387
2388	<address>Author: Hubertus Tummescheit, <br>
2389	Lund University<br>
2390	Department of Automatic Control<br>
2391	Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden<br>
2392	email: hubertus@control.lth.se
2393	</address>
2394	</html>"));
2395	end Common;
2396
2397	package Air "Medium models for air"
2398	extends Modelica.Icons.MaterialPropertiesPackage;
2399
2400	package MoistAir "Air: Moist air model (240 ... 400 K)"
2401	extends Interfaces.PartialCondensingGases(
2402	mediumName="Moist air",
2403	substanceNames={"water", "air"},
2404	final reducedX=true,
2405	final singleState=false,
2406	reference_X={0.01,0.99},
2407	fluidConstants = {IdealGases.Common.FluidData.H2O,IdealGases.Common.FluidData.N2});
2408
2409	constant Integer Water=1
2410	"Index of water (in substanceNames, massFractions X, etc.)";
2411
2412	constant Integer Air=2
2413	"Index of air (in substanceNames, massFractions X, etc.)";
2414
2415	constant Real k_mair = steam.MM/dryair.MM "ratio of molar weights";
2416
2417	constant IdealGases.Common.DataRecord dryair = IdealGases.Common.SingleGasesData.Air;
2418
2419	constant IdealGases.Common.DataRecord steam = IdealGases.Common.SingleGasesData.H2O;
2420
2421	constant SI.MolarMass[2] MMX = {steam.MM,dryair.MM}
2422	"Molar masses of components";
2423	import Modelica.Media.Interfaces;
2424	import Modelica.Math;
2425	import SI = Modelica.SIunits;
2426	import Cv = Modelica.SIunits.Conversions;
2427	import Modelica.Constants;
2428	import Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.SingleGasNasa;
2429
2430	redeclare record extends ThermodynamicState
2431	"ThermodynamicState record for moist air"
2432	end ThermodynamicState;
2433
2434	redeclare replaceable model extends BaseProperties(
2435	T(stateSelect=if preferredMediumStates then StateSelect.prefer else StateSelect.default),
2436	p(stateSelect=if preferredMediumStates then StateSelect.prefer else StateSelect.default),
2437	Xi(stateSelect=if preferredMediumStates then StateSelect.prefer else StateSelect.default),
2438	redeclare final constant Boolean standardOrderComponents=true)
2439	"Moist air base properties record"
2440
2441	/* p, T, X = X[Water] are used as preferred states, since only then all
2442	other quantities can be computed in a recursive sequence.
2443	If other variables are selected as states, static state selection
2444	is no longer possible and non-linear algebraic equations occur.
2445	*/
2446	MassFraction x_water "Mass of total water/mass of dry air";
2447	Real phi "Relative humidity";
2448
2449	protected
2450	MassFraction X_liquid "Mass fraction of liquid or solid water";
2451	MassFraction X_steam "Mass fraction of steam water";
2452	MassFraction X_air "Mass fraction of air";
2453	MassFraction X_sat
2454	"Steam water mass fraction of saturation boundary in kg_water/kg_moistair";
2455	MassFraction x_sat
2456	"Steam water mass content of saturation boundary in kg_water/kg_dryair";
2457	AbsolutePressure p_steam_sat "Partial saturation pressure of steam";
2458	equation
2459	assert(T >= 200.0 and T <= 423.15, "
2460	Temperature T is not in the allowed range
2461	200.0 K <= (T =" + String(T) + " K) <= 423.15 K
2462	required from medium model \"" + mediumName + "\".");
2463	MM = 1/(Xi[Water]/MMX[Water]+(1.0-Xi[Water])/MMX[Air]);
2464
2465	p_steam_sat = min(saturationPressure(T),0.999*p);
2466	X_sat = min(p_steam_sat * k_mair/max(100Constants.eps, p - p_steam_sat)(1 - Xi[Water]), 1.0)
2467	"Water content at saturation with respect to actual water content";
2468	X_liquid = max(Xi[Water] - X_sat, 0.0);
2469	X_steam = Xi[Water]-X_liquid;
2470	X_air = 1-Xi[Water];
2471
2472	h = specificEnthalpy_pTX(p,T,Xi);
2473	R = dryair.R(X_air/(1 - X_liquid)) + steam.RX_steam/(1 - X_liquid);
2474	//
2475	u = h - R*T;
2476	d = p/(R*T);
2477	/* Note, u and d are computed under the assumption that the volume of the liquid
2478	water is neglible with respect to the volume of air and of steam
2479	*/
2480	state.p = p;
2481	state.T = T;
2482	state.X = X;
2483
2484	// these x are per unit mass of DRY air!
2485	x_sat = k_mairp_steam_sat/max(100Constants.eps,p - p_steam_sat);
2486	x_water = Xi[Water]/max(X_air,100*Constants.eps);
2487	phi = p/p_steam_satXi[Water]/(Xi[Water] + k_mairX_air);
2488	annotation(Documentation(info="<html>
2489	<p>This model computes thermodynamic properties of moist air from three independent (thermodynamic or/and numerical) state variables. Preferred numerical states are temperature T, pressure p and the reduced composition vector Xi, which contains the water mass fraction only. As an EOS the <b>ideal gas law</b> is used and associated restrictions apply. The model can also be used in the <b>fog region</b>, when moisture is present in its liquid state. However, it is assumed that the liquid water volume is negligible compared to that of the gas phase. Computation of thermal properties is based on property data of <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.Air.DryAirNasa\"> dry air</a> and water (source: VDI-Wärmeatlas), respectively. Besides the standard thermodynamic variables <b>absolute and relative humidity</b>, x_water and phi, respectively, are given by the model. Upper case X denotes absolute humidity with respect to mass of moist air while absolute humidity with respect to mass of dry air only is denoted by a lower case x throughout the model. See <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.Air.MoistAir\">package description</a> for further information.</p>
2490	</html>"));
2491	end BaseProperties;
2492
2493	redeclare function setState_pTX
2494	"Return thermodynamic state as function of pressure p, temperature T and composition X"
2495	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2496	input AbsolutePressure p "Pressure";
2497	input Temperature T "Temperature";
2498	input MassFraction X[:]=reference_X "Mass fractions";
2499	output ThermodynamicState state "Thermodynamic state";
2500	algorithm
2501	state := if size(X,1) == nX then ThermodynamicState(p=p,T=T, X=X) else
2502	ThermodynamicState(p=p,T=T, X=cat(1,X,{1-sum(X)}));
2503	annotation(smoothOrder=2,
2504	Documentation(info="<html>
2505	The <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.Air.MoistAir.ThermodynamicState\">thermodynamic state record</a> is computed from pressure p, temperature T and composition X.
2506	</html>"));
2507	end setState_pTX;
2508
2509	redeclare function setState_phX
2510	"Return thermodynamic state as function of pressure p, specific enthalpy h and composition X"
2511	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2512	input AbsolutePressure p "Pressure";
2513	input SpecificEnthalpy h "Specific enthalpy";
2514	input MassFraction X[:]=reference_X "Mass fractions";
2515	output ThermodynamicState state "Thermodynamic state";
2516	algorithm
2517	state := if size(X,1) == nX then ThermodynamicState(p=p,T=T_phX(p,h,X),X=X) else
2518	ThermodynamicState(p=p,T=T_phX(p,h,X), X=cat(1,X,{1-sum(X)}));
2519	annotation(smoothOrder=2,
2520	Documentation(info="<html>
2521	The <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.Air.MoistAir.ThermodynamicState\">thermodynamic state record</a> is computed from pressure p, specific enthalpy h and composition X.
2522	</html>"));
2523	end setState_phX;
2524
2525	redeclare function setState_dTX
2526	"Return thermodynamic state as function of density d, temperature T and composition X"
2527	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2528	input Density d "density";
2529	input Temperature T "Temperature";
2530	input MassFraction X[:]=reference_X "Mass fractions";
2531	output ThermodynamicState state "Thermodynamic state";
2532	algorithm
2533	state := if size(X,1) == nX then ThermodynamicState(p=d({steam.R,dryair.R}X)*T,T=T,X=X) else
2534	ThermodynamicState(p=d({steam.R,dryair.R}cat(1,X,{1-sum(X)}))*T,T=T, X=cat(1,X,{1-sum(X)}));
2535	annotation(smoothOrder=2,
2536	Documentation(info="<html>
2537	The <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.Air.MoistAir.ThermodynamicState\">thermodynamic state record</a> is computed from density d, temperature T and composition X.
2538	</html>"));
2539	end setState_dTX;
2540
2541	redeclare function extends setSmoothState
2542	"Return thermodynamic state so that it smoothly approximates: if x > 0 then state_a else state_b"
2543	algorithm
2544	state := ThermodynamicState(p=Media.Common.smoothStep(x, state_a.p, state_b.p, x_small),
2545	T=Media.Common.smoothStep(x, state_a.T, state_b.T, x_small),
2546	X=Media.Common.smoothStep(x, state_a.X, state_b.X, x_small));
2547	end setSmoothState;
2548
2549	redeclare function extends gasConstant
2550	"Return ideal gas constant as a function from thermodynamic state, only valid for phi<1"
2551
2552	algorithm
2553	R := dryair.R(1-state.X[Water]) + steam.Rstate.X[Water];
2554	annotation(smoothOrder=2,
2555	Documentation(info="<html>
2556	The ideal gas constant for moist air is computed from <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.Air.MoistAir.ThermodynamicState\">thermodynamic state</a> assuming that all water is in the gas phase.
2557	</html>"));
2558	end gasConstant;
2559
2560	function saturationPressureLiquid
2561	"Return saturation pressure of water as a function of temperature T in the range of 273.16 to 373.16 K"
2562
2563	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2564	input SI.Temperature Tsat "saturation temperature";
2565	output SI.AbsolutePressure psat "saturation pressure";
2566	algorithm
2567	psat := 611.657*Math.exp(17.2799 - 4102.99/(Tsat - 35.719));
2568	annotation(Inline=false,smoothOrder=5,derivative=saturationPressureLiquid_der,
2569	Documentation(info="<html>
2570	Saturation pressure of water above the triple point temperature is computed from temperature. It's range of validity is between
2571	273.16 and 373.16 K. Outside these limits a less accurate result is returned.
2572	</html>"));
2573	end saturationPressureLiquid;
2574
2575	function saturationPressureLiquid_der
2576	"Time derivative of saturationPressureLiquid"
2577
2578	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2579	input SI.Temperature Tsat "Saturation temperature";
2580	input Real dTsat(unit="K/s") "Saturation temperature derivative";
2581	output Real psat_der(unit="Pa/s") "Saturation pressure";
2582	algorithm
2583	/psat := 611.657Math.exp(17.2799 - 4102.99/(Tsat - 35.719));*/
2584	psat_der:=611.657Math.exp(17.2799 - 4102.99/(Tsat - 35.719))4102.99*dTsat/(Tsat - 35.719)/(Tsat - 35.719);
2585
2586	annotation(Inline=false,smoothOrder=5,
2587	Documentation(info="<html>
2588	Derivative function of <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.Air.MoistAir.saturationPressureLiquid\">saturationPressureLiquid</a>
2589	</html>"));
2590	end saturationPressureLiquid_der;
2591
2592	function sublimationPressureIce
2593	"Return sublimation pressure of water as a function of temperature T between 223.16 and 273.16 K"
2594
2595	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2596	input SI.Temperature Tsat "sublimation temperature";
2597	output SI.AbsolutePressure psat "sublimation pressure";
2598	algorithm
2599	psat := 611.657Math.exp(22.5159(1.0 - 273.16/Tsat));
2600	annotation(Inline=false,smoothOrder=5,derivative=sublimationPressureIce_der,
2601	Documentation(info="<html>
2602	Sublimation pressure of water below the triple point temperature is computed from temperature. It's range of validity is between
2603	223.16 and 273.16 K. Outside of these limits a less accurate result is returned.
2604	</html>"));
2605	end sublimationPressureIce;
2606
2607	function sublimationPressureIce_der
2608	"Derivative function for 'sublimationPressureIce'"
2609
2610	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2611	input SI.Temperature Tsat "Sublimation temperature";
2612	input Real dTsat(unit="K/s")
2613	"Time derivative of sublimation temperature";
2614	output Real psat_der(unit="Pa/s") "Sublimation pressure";
2615	algorithm
2616	/psat := 611.657Math.exp(22.5159(1.0 - 273.16/Tsat));/
2617	psat_der:=611.657Math.exp(22.5159(1.0 - 273.16/Tsat))22.5159273.16*dTsat/Tsat/Tsat;
2618	annotation(Inline=false,smoothOrder=5,
2619	Documentation(info="<html>
2620	Derivative function of <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.Air.MoistAir.sublimationPressureIce\">saturationPressureIce</a>
2621	</html>"));
2622	end sublimationPressureIce_der;
2623
2624	redeclare function extends saturationPressure
2625	"Return saturation pressure of water as a function of temperature T between 223.16 and 373.16 K"
2626
2627	algorithm
2628	psat := Utilities.spliceFunction(saturationPressureLiquid(Tsat),sublimationPressureIce(Tsat),Tsat-273.16,1.0);
2629	annotation(Inline=false,smoothOrder=5,derivative=saturationPressure_der,
2630	Documentation(info="<html>
2631	Saturation pressure of water in the liquid and the solid region is computed using an Antoine-type correlation. It's range of validity is between 223.16 and 373.16 K. Outside of these limits a (less accurate) result is returned. Functions for the
2632	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.Air.MoistAir.sublimationPressureIce\">solid</a> and the <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.Air.MoistAir.saturationPressureLiquid\"> liquid</a> region, respectively, are combined using the first derivative continuous <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.Air.MoistAir.Utilities.spliceFunction\">spliceFunction</a>.
2633	</html>"));
2634	end saturationPressure;
2635
2636	function saturationPressure_der
2637	"Derivative function for 'saturationPressure'"
2638	input Temperature Tsat "Saturation temperature";
2639	input Real dTsat(unit="K/s")
2640	"Time derivative of saturation temperature";
2641	output Real psat_der(unit="Pa/s") "Saturation pressure";
2642
2643	algorithm
2644	/psat := Utilities.spliceFunction(saturationPressureLiquid(Tsat),sublimationPressureIce(Tsat),Tsat-273.16,1.0);/
2645	psat_der := Utilities.spliceFunction_der(
2646	saturationPressureLiquid(Tsat),
2647	sublimationPressureIce(Tsat),
2648	Tsat - 273.16,
2649	1.0,
2650	saturationPressureLiquid_der(Tsat=Tsat, dTsat=dTsat),
2651	sublimationPressureIce_der(Tsat=Tsat, dTsat=dTsat),
2652	dTsat,
2653	0);
2654	annotation(Inline=false,smoothOrder=5,
2655	Documentation(info="<html>
2656	Derivative function of <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.Air.MoistAir.saturationPressure\">saturationPressure</a>
2657	</html>"));
2658	end saturationPressure_der;
2659
2660	redeclare function extends enthalpyOfVaporization
2661	"Return enthalpy of vaporization of water as a function of temperature T, 0 - 130 degC"
2662
2663	algorithm
2664	/r0 := 1e3(2501.0145 - (T - 273.15)(2.3853 + (T - 273.15)(0.002969 - (T
2665	- 273.15)(7.5293e-5 + (T - 273.15)4.6084e-7))));*/
2666	//katrin: replaced by linear correlation, simpler and more accurate in the entire region
2667	//source VDI-Waermeatlas, linear inter- and extrapolation between values for 0.01 °C and 40 °C.
2668	r0:=(2405900-2500500)/(40-0)*(T-273.16)+2500500;
2669	annotation(smoothOrder=2,
2670	Documentation(info="<html>
2671	Enthalpy of vaporization of water is computed from temperature in the region of 0 to 130 °C.
2672	</html>"));
2673	end enthalpyOfVaporization;
2674
2675	redeclare function extends enthalpyOfLiquid
2676	"Return enthalpy of liquid water as a function of temperature T(use enthalpyOfWater instead)"
2677
2678	algorithm
2679	h := (T - 273.15)1e3(4.2166 - 0.5(T - 273.15)(0.0033166 + 0.333333(T - 273.15)(0.00010295
2680	- 0.25(T - 273.15)(1.3819e-6 + 0.2(T - 273.15)7.3221e-9))));
2681	annotation(Inline=false,smoothOrder=5,
2682	Documentation(info="<html>
2683	Specific enthalpy of liquid water is computed from temperature using a polynomial approach. Kept for compatibility reasons, better use <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.Air.MoistAir.enthalpyOfWater\">enthalpyOfWater</a> instead.
2684	</html>"));
2685	end enthalpyOfLiquid;
2686
2687	redeclare function extends enthalpyOfGas
2688	"Return specific enthalpy of gas (air and steam) as a function of temperature T and composition X"
2689
2690	algorithm
2691	h := SingleGasNasa.h_Tlow(data=steam, T=T, refChoice=3, h_off=46479.819+2501014.5)*X[Water]
2692	+ SingleGasNasa.h_Tlow(data=dryair, T=T, refChoice=3, h_off=25104.684)*(1.0-X[Water]);
2693	annotation(Inline=false,smoothOrder=5,
2694	Documentation(info="<html>
2695	Specific enthalpy of moist air is computed from temperature, provided all water is in the gaseous state. The first entry in the composition vector X must be the mass fraction of steam. For a function that also covers the fog region please refer to <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.Air.MoistAir.h_pTX\">h_pTX</a>.
2696	</html>"));
2697	end enthalpyOfGas;
2698
2699	redeclare function extends enthalpyOfCondensingGas
2700	"Return specific enthalpy of steam as a function of temperature T"
2701
2702	algorithm
2703	h := SingleGasNasa.h_Tlow(data=steam, T=T, refChoice=3, h_off=46479.819+2501014.5);
2704	annotation(Inline=false,smoothOrder=5,
2705	Documentation(info="<html>
2706	Specific enthalpy of steam is computed from temperature.
2707	</html>"));
2708	end enthalpyOfCondensingGas;
2709
2710	redeclare function extends enthalpyOfNonCondensingGas
2711	"Return specific enthalpy of dry air as a function of temperature T"
2712
2713	algorithm
2714	h := SingleGasNasa.h_Tlow(data=dryair, T=T, refChoice=3, h_off=25104.684);
2715	annotation(Inline=false,smoothOrder=1,
2716	Documentation(info="<html>
2717	Specific enthalpy of dry air is computed from temperature.
2718	</html>"));
2719	end enthalpyOfNonCondensingGas;
2720
2721	function enthalpyOfWater
2722	"Computes specific enthalpy of water (solid/liquid) near atmospheric pressure from temperature T"
2723	input SIunits.Temperature T "Temperature";
2724	output SIunits.SpecificEnthalpy h "Specific enthalpy of water";
2725	algorithm
2726	/*simple model assuming constant properties:
2727	heat capacity of liquid water:4200 J/kg
2728	heat capacity of solid water: 2050 J/kg
2729	enthalpy of fusion (liquid=>solid): 333000 J/kg*/
2730
2731	h:=Utilities.spliceFunction(4200(T-273.15),2050(T-273.15)-333000,T-273.16,0.1);
2732	annotation (derivative=enthalpyOfWater_der, Documentation(info="<html>
2733	Specific enthalpy of water (liquid and solid) is computed from temperature using constant properties as follows:<br>
2734	<ul>
2735	<li> heat capacity of liquid water:4200 J/kg
2736	<li> heat capacity of solid water: 2050 J/kg
2737	<li> enthalpy of fusion (liquid=>solid): 333000 J/kg
2738	</ul>
2739	Pressure is assumed to be around 1 bar. This function is usually used to determine the specific enthalpy of the liquid or solid fraction of moist air.
2740	</html>"));
2741	end enthalpyOfWater;
2742
2743	function enthalpyOfWater_der "Derivative function of enthalpyOfWater"
2744	input SIunits.Temperature T "Temperature";
2745	input Real dT(unit="K/s") "Time derivative of temperature";
2746	output Real dh(unit="J/(kg.s)") "Time derivative of specific enthalpy";
2747	algorithm
2748	/*simple model assuming constant properties:
2749	heat capacity of liquid water:4200 J/kg
2750	heat capacity of solid water: 2050 J/kg
2751	enthalpy of fusion (liquid=>solid): 333000 J/kg*/
2752
2753	//h:=Utilities.spliceFunction(4200(T-273.15),2050(T-273.15)-333000,T-273.16,0.1);
2754	dh:=Utilities.spliceFunction_der(4200(T-273.15),2050(T-273.15)-333000,T-273.16,0.1,4200dT,2050dT,dT,0);
2755	annotation (Documentation(info="<html>
2756	Derivative function for <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.Air.MoistAir.enthalpyOfWater\">enthalpyOfWater</a>.
2757
2758	</html>"));
2759	end enthalpyOfWater_der;
2760
2761	redeclare function extends pressure
2762	"Returns pressure of ideal gas as a function of the thermodynamic state record"
2763
2764	algorithm
2765	p := state.p;
2766	annotation(smoothOrder=2,
2767	Documentation(info="<html>
2768	Pressure is returned from the thermodynamic state record input as a simple assignment.
2769	</html>"));
2770	end pressure;
2771
2772	redeclare function extends temperature
2773	"Return temperature of ideal gas as a function of the thermodynamic state record"
2774
2775	algorithm
2776	T := state.T;
2777	annotation(smoothOrder=2,
2778	Documentation(info="<html>
2779	Temperature is returned from the thermodynamic state record input as a simple assignment.
2780	</html>"));
2781	end temperature;
2782
2783	function T_phX
2784	"Return temperature as a function of pressure p, specific enthalpy h and composition X"
2785	input AbsolutePressure p "Pressure";
2786	input SpecificEnthalpy h "Specific enthalpy";
2787	input MassFraction[:] X "Mass fractions of composition";
2788	output Temperature T "Temperature";
2789
2790	protected
2791	package Internal
2792	"Solve h(data,T) for T with given h (use only indirectly via temperature_phX)"
2793	extends Modelica.Media.Common.OneNonLinearEquation;
2794	redeclare record extends f_nonlinear_Data
2795	"Data to be passed to non-linear function"
2796	extends Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.DataRecord;
2797	end f_nonlinear_Data;
2798
2799	redeclare function extends f_nonlinear
2800	algorithm
2801	y := h_pTX(p,x,X);
2802	end f_nonlinear;
2803
2804	// Dummy definition has to be added for current Dymola
2805	redeclare function extends solve
2806	end solve;
2807	end Internal;
2808
2809	algorithm
2810	T := Internal.solve(h, 240, 400, p, X[1:nXi], steam);
2811	annotation (Documentation(info="<html>
2812	Temperature is computed from pressure, specific enthalpy and composition via numerical inversion of function <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.Air.MoistAir.h_pTX\">h_pTX</a>.
2813	</html>"));
2814	end T_phX;
2815
2816	redeclare function extends density
2817	"Returns density of ideal gas as a function of the thermodynamic state record"
2818
2819	algorithm
2820	d := state.p/(gasConstant(state)*state.T);
2821	annotation(smoothOrder=2,
2822	Documentation(info="<html>
2823	Density is computed from pressure, temperature and composition in the thermodynamic state record applying the ideal gas law.
2824	</html>"));
2825	end density;
2826
2827	redeclare function extends specificEnthalpy
2828	"Return specific enthalpy of moist air as a function of the thermodynamic state record"
2829
2830	algorithm
2831	h := h_pTX(state.p, state.T, state.X);
2832	annotation(smoothOrder=2,
2833	Documentation(info="<html>
2834	Specific enthalpy of moist air is computed from the thermodynamic state record. The fog region is included for both, ice and liquid fog.
2835	</html>"));
2836	end specificEnthalpy;
2837
2838	function h_pTX
2839	"Return specific enthalpy of moist air as a function of pressure p, temperature T and composition X"
2840	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2841	input SI.Pressure p "Pressure";
2842	input SI.Temperature T "Temperature";
2843	input SI.MassFraction X[:] "Mass fractions of moist air";
2844	output SI.SpecificEnthalpy h "Specific enthalpy at p, T, X";
2845	protected
2846	SI.AbsolutePressure p_steam_sat "Partial saturation pressure of steam";
2847	SI.MassFraction X_sat "Absolute humidity per unit mass of moist air";
2848	SI.MassFraction X_liquid "mass fraction of liquid water";
2849	SI.MassFraction X_steam "mass fraction of steam water";
2850	SI.MassFraction X_air "mass fraction of air";
2851	algorithm
2852	p_steam_sat :=saturationPressure(T);
2853	//p_steam_sat :=min(saturationPressure(T), 0.999*p);
2854	X_sat:=min(p_steam_satk_mair/max(100Constants.eps, p - p_steam_sat)*(1 - X[
2855	Water]), 1.0);
2856	X_liquid :=max(X[Water] - X_sat, 0.0);
2857	X_steam :=X[Water] - X_liquid;
2858	X_air :=1 - X[Water];
2859	/* h := {SingleGasNasa.h_Tlow(data=steam, T=T, refChoice=3, h_off=46479.819+2501014.5),
2860	SingleGasNasa.h_Tlow(data=dryair, T=T, refChoice=3, h_off=25104.684)}*
2861	{X_steam, X_air} + enthalpyOfLiquid(T)X_liquid;/
2862	h := {SingleGasNasa.h_Tlow(data=steam, T=T, refChoice=3, h_off=46479.819+2501014.5),
2863	SingleGasNasa.h_Tlow(data=dryair, T=T, refChoice=3, h_off=25104.684)}*
2864	{X_steam, X_air} + enthalpyOfWater(T)*X_liquid;
2865	annotation(derivative=h_pTX_der, Inline=false,
2866	Documentation(info="<html>
2867	Specific enthalpy of moist air is computed from pressure, temperature and composition with X[1] as the total water mass fraction. The fog region is included for both, ice and liquid fog.
2868	</html>"));
2869	end h_pTX;
2870
2871	function h_pTX_der "Derivative function of h_pTX"
2872	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2873	input SI.Pressure p "Pressure";
2874	input SI.Temperature T "Temperature";
2875	input SI.MassFraction X[:] "Mass fractions of moist air";
2876	input Real dp(unit="Pa/s") "Pressure derivative";
2877	input Real dT(unit="K/s") "Temperature derivative";
2878	input Real dX[:](each unit="1/s") "Composition derivative";
2879	output Real h_der(unit="J/(kg.s)")
2880	"Time derivative of specific enthalpy";
2881	protected
2882	SI.AbsolutePressure p_steam_sat "Partial saturation pressure of steam";
2883	SI.MassFraction X_sat "Absolute humidity per unit mass of moist air";
2884	SI.MassFraction X_liquid "Mass fraction of liquid water";
2885	SI.MassFraction X_steam "Mass fraction of steam water";
2886	SI.MassFraction X_air "Mass fraction of air";
2887	SI.MassFraction x_sat
2888	"Absolute humidity per unit mass of dry air at saturation";
2889	Real dX_steam(unit="1/s") "Time deriveative of steam mass fraction";
2890	Real dX_air(unit="1/s") "Time derivative of dry air mass fraction";
2891	Real dX_liq(unit="1/s")
2892	"Time derivative of liquid/solid water mass fraction";
2893	Real dps(unit="Pa/s") "Time derivative of saturation pressure";
2894	Real dx_sat(unit="1/s")
2895	"Time derivative of abolute humidity per unit mass of dry air";
2896	algorithm
2897	p_steam_sat :=saturationPressure(T);
2898	x_sat:=p_steam_satk_mair/max(100Modelica.Constants.eps, p - p_steam_sat);
2899	X_sat:=min(x_sat*(1 - X[Water]), 1.0);
2900	X_liquid :=Utilities.spliceFunction(X[Water] - X_sat, 0.0, X[Water] - X_sat,1e-6);
2901	X_steam :=X[Water] - X_liquid;
2902	X_air :=1 - X[Water];
2903
2904	dX_air:=-dX[Water];
2905	dps:=saturationPressure_der(Tsat=T, dTsat=dT);
2906	dx_sat:=k_mair(dps(p-p_steam_sat)-p_steam_sat*(dp-dps))/(p-p_steam_sat)/(p-p_steam_sat);
2907	dX_liq:=Utilities.spliceFunction_der(X[Water] - X_sat, 0.0, X[Water] - X_sat,1e-6,(1+x_sat)dX[Water]-(1-X[Water])dx_sat,0.0,(1+x_sat)dX[Water]-(1-X[Water])dx_sat,0.0);
2908	//dX_liq:=if X[Water]>=X_sat then (1+x_sat)dX[Water]-(1-X[Water])dx_sat else 0;
2909	dX_steam:=dX[Water]-dX_liq;
2910
2911	h_der:= X_steam*Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.SingleGasNasa.h_Tlow_der(data=steam, T=T, refChoice=3, h_off=46479.819+2501014.5, dT=dT)+
2912	dX_steam*Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.SingleGasNasa.h_Tlow(data=steam, T=T, refChoice=3, h_off=46479.819+2501014.5) +
2913	X_air*Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.SingleGasNasa.h_Tlow_der(data=dryair, T=T, refChoice=3, h_off=25104.684, dT=dT) +
2914	dX_air*Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.SingleGasNasa.h_Tlow(data=dryair, T=T, refChoice=3, h_off=25104.684) +
2915	X_liquid*enthalpyOfWater_der(T=T, dT=dT) +
2916	dX_liq*enthalpyOfWater(T);
2917
2918	annotation(Inline=false,smoothOrder=1,
2919	Documentation(info="<html>
2920	Derivative function for <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.Air.MoistAir.h_pTX\">h_pTX</a>.
2921	</html>"));
2922	end h_pTX_der;
2923
2924	redeclare function extends isentropicExponent
2925	"Return isentropic exponent (only for gas fraction!)"
2926	algorithm
2927	gamma := specificHeatCapacityCp(state)/specificHeatCapacityCv(state);
2928	end isentropicExponent;
2929
2930	redeclare function extends specificInternalEnergy
2931	"Return specific internal energy of moist air as a function of the thermodynamic state record"
2932	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
2933	output SI.SpecificInternalEnergy u "Specific internal energy";
2934	algorithm
2935	u := specificInternalEnergy_pTX(state.p,state.T,state.X);
2936
2937	annotation(smoothOrder=2,
2938	Documentation(info="<html>
2939	Specific internal energy is determined from the thermodynamic state record, assuming that the liquid or solid water volume is negligible.
2940	</html>"));
2941	end specificInternalEnergy;
2942
2943	function specificInternalEnergy_pTX
2944	"Return specific internal energy of moist air as a function of pressure p, temperature T and composition X"
2945	input SI.Pressure p "Pressure";
2946	input SI.Temperature T "Temperature";
2947	input SI.MassFraction X[:] "Mass fractions of moist air";
2948	output SI.SpecificInternalEnergy u "Specific internal energy";
2949	protected
2950	SI.AbsolutePressure p_steam_sat "Partial saturation pressure of steam";
2951	SI.MassFraction X_liquid "Mass fraction of liquid water";
2952	SI.MassFraction X_steam "Mass fraction of steam water";
2953	SI.MassFraction X_air "Mass fraction of air";
2954	SI.MassFraction X_sat "Absolute humidity per unit mass of moist air";
2955	Real R_gas "Ideal gas constant";
2956	algorithm
2957	p_steam_sat :=saturationPressure(T);
2958	X_sat:=min(p_steam_satk_mair/max(100Constants.eps, p - p_steam_sat)*(1 - X[
2959	Water]), 1.0);
2960	X_liquid :=max(X[Water] - X_sat, 0.0);
2961	X_steam :=X[Water] - X_liquid;
2962	X_air :=1 - X[Water];
2963	R_gas:= dryair.RX_air/(1-X_liquid)+steam.R X_steam/(1-X_liquid);
2964	u := X_steam*SingleGasNasa.h_Tlow(data=steam, T=T, refChoice=3, h_off=46479.819+2501014.5)+
2965	X_air*SingleGasNasa.h_Tlow(data=dryair, T=T, refChoice=3, h_off=25104.684)
2966	+ enthalpyOfWater(T)X_liquid-R_gasT;
2967
2968	annotation (derivative=specificInternalEnergy_pTX_der, Documentation(info="<html>
2969	Specific internal energy is determined from pressure p, temperature T and composition X, assuming that the liquid or solid water volume is negligible.
2970	</html>"));
2971	end specificInternalEnergy_pTX;
2972
2973	function specificInternalEnergy_pTX_der
2974	"Derivative function for specificInternalEnergy_pTX"
2975	input SI.Pressure p "Pressure";
2976	input SI.Temperature T "Temperature";
2977	input SI.MassFraction X[:] "Mass fractions of moist air";
2978	input Real dp(unit="Pa/s") "Pressure derivative";
2979	input Real dT(unit="K/s") "Temperature derivative";
2980	input Real dX[:](each unit="1/s") "Mass fraction derivatives";
2981	output Real u_der(unit="J/(kg.s)")
2982	"Specific internal energy derivative";
2983	protected
2984	SI.AbsolutePressure p_steam_sat "Partial saturation pressure of steam";
2985	SI.MassFraction X_liquid "Mass fraction of liquid water";
2986	SI.MassFraction X_steam "Mass fraction of steam water";
2987	SI.MassFraction X_air "Mass fraction of air";
2988	SI.MassFraction X_sat "Absolute humidity per unit mass of moist air";
2989	SI.SpecificHeatCapacity R_gas "Ideal gas constant";
2990
2991	SI.MassFraction x_sat
2992	"Absolute humidity per unit mass of dry air at saturation";
2993	Real dX_steam(unit="1/s") "Time deriveative of steam mass fraction";
2994	Real dX_air(unit="1/s") "Time derivative of dry air mass fraction";
2995	Real dX_liq(unit="1/s")
2996	"Time derivative of liquid/solid water mass fraction";
2997	Real dps(unit="Pa/s") "Time derivative of saturation pressure";
2998	Real dx_sat(unit="1/s")
2999	"Time derivative of abolute humidity per unit mass of dry air";
3000	Real dR_gas(unit="J/(kg.K.s)") "Time derivative of ideal gas constant";
3001	algorithm
3002	p_steam_sat :=saturationPressure(T);
3003	x_sat:=p_steam_satk_mair/max(100Modelica.Constants.eps, p - p_steam_sat);
3004	X_sat:=min(x_sat*(1 - X[Water]), 1.0);
3005	X_liquid :=Utilities.spliceFunction(X[Water] - X_sat, 0.0, X[Water] - X_sat,1e-6);
3006	X_steam :=X[Water] - X_liquid;
3007	X_air :=1 - X[Water];
3008	R_gas:= steam.RX_steam/(1-X_liquid)+dryair.R X_air/(1-X_liquid);
3009
3010	dX_air:=-dX[Water];
3011	dps:=saturationPressure_der(Tsat=T, dTsat=dT);
3012	dx_sat:=k_mair(dps(p-p_steam_sat)-p_steam_sat*(dp-dps))/(p-p_steam_sat)/(p-p_steam_sat);
3013	dX_liq:=Utilities.spliceFunction_der(X[Water] - X_sat, 0.0, X[Water] - X_sat,1e-6,(1+x_sat)dX[Water]-(1-X[Water])dx_sat,0.0,(1+x_sat)dX[Water]-(1-X[Water])dx_sat,0.0);
3014	dX_steam:=dX[Water]-dX_liq;
3015	dR_gas:=(steam.R(dX_steam(1-X_liquid)+dX_liqX_steam)+dryair.R(dX_air(1-X_liquid)+dX_liqX_air))/(1-X_liquid)/(1-X_liquid);
3016
3017	u_der:=X_steam*SingleGasNasa.h_Tlow_der(data=steam, T=T, refChoice=3, h_off=46479.819+2501014.5, dT=dT)+
3018	dX_steam*SingleGasNasa.h_Tlow(data=steam, T=T, refChoice=3, h_off=46479.819+2501014.5) +
3019	X_air*SingleGasNasa.h_Tlow_der(data=dryair, T=T, refChoice=3, h_off=25104.684, dT=dT) +
3020	dX_air*SingleGasNasa.h_Tlow(data=dryair, T=T, refChoice=3, h_off=25104.684) +
3021	X_liquid*enthalpyOfWater_der(T=T, dT=dT) +
3022	dX_liqenthalpyOfWater(T) - dR_gasT-R_gas*dT;
3023	annotation (Documentation(info="<html>
3024	Derivative function for <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.Air.MoistAir.specificInternalEnergy_pTX\">specificInternalEnergy_pTX</a>.
3025	</html>"));
3026	end specificInternalEnergy_pTX_der;
3027
3028	redeclare function extends specificEntropy
3029	"Return specific entropy from thermodynamic state record, only valid for phi<1"
3030
3031	protected
3032	MoleFraction[2] Y = massToMoleFractions(state.X,{steam.MM,dryair.MM})
3033	"molar fraction";
3034	algorithm
3035	s:=SingleGasNasa.s0_Tlow(dryair, state.T)*(1-state.X[Water])
3036	+ SingleGasNasa.s0_Tlow(steam, state.T)*state.X[Water]
3037	- (state.X[Water]Modelica.Constants.R/MMX[Water](if state.X[Water]<Modelica.Constants.eps then state.X[Water] else Modelica.Math.log(Y[Water]*state.p/reference_p))
3038	+ (1-state.X[Water])Modelica.Constants.R/MMX[Air](if (1-state.X[Water])<Modelica.Constants.eps then (1-state.X[Water]) else Modelica.Math.log(Y[Air]*state.p/reference_p)));
3039	annotation(Inline=false,smoothOrder=2,
3040	Documentation(info="<html>
3041	Specific entropy is calculated from the thermodynamic state record, assuming ideal gas behavior and including entropy of mixing. Liquid or solid water is not taken into account, the entire water content X[1] is assumed to be in the vapor state (relative humidity below 1.0).
3042	</html>"));
3043	end specificEntropy;
3044
3045	redeclare function extends specificGibbsEnergy
3046	"Return specific Gibbs energy as a function of the thermodynamic state record, only valid for phi<1"
3047	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
3048	algorithm
3049	g := h_pTX(state.p,state.T,state.X) - state.T*specificEntropy(state);
3050	annotation(smoothOrder=2,
3051	Documentation(info="<html>
3052	The Gibbs Energy is computed from the thermodynamic state record for moist air with a water content below saturation.
3053	</html>"));
3054	end specificGibbsEnergy;
3055
3056	redeclare function extends specificHelmholtzEnergy
3057	"Return specific Helmholtz energy as a function of the thermodynamic state record, only valid for phi<1"
3058	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
3059	algorithm
3060	f := h_pTX(state.p,state.T,state.X) - gasConstant(state)state.T - state.TspecificEntropy(state);
3061	annotation(smoothOrder=2,
3062	Documentation(info="<html>
3063	The Specific Helmholtz Energy is computed from the thermodynamic state record for moist air with a water content below saturation.
3064	</html>"));
3065	end specificHelmholtzEnergy;
3066
3067	redeclare function extends specificHeatCapacityCp
3068	"Return specific heat capacity at constant pressure as a function of the thermodynamic state record"
3069
3070	protected
3071	Real dT(unit="s/K") = 1.0;
3072	algorithm
3073	cp := h_pTX_der(state.p,state.T,state.X, 0.0, 1.0, zeros(size(state.X,1)))*dT
3074	"Definition of cp: dh/dT @ constant p";
3075	// cp:= SingleGasNasa.cp_Tlow(dryair, state.T)*(1-state.X[Water])
3076	// + SingleGasNasa.cp_Tlow(steam, state.T)*state.X[Water];
3077	annotation(Inline=false,smoothOrder=2,
3078	Documentation(info="<html>
3079	The specific heat capacity at constant pressure <b>cp</b> is computed from temperature and composition for a mixture of steam (X[1]) and dry air. All water is assumed to be in the vapor state.
3080	</html>"));
3081	end specificHeatCapacityCp;
3082
3083	redeclare function extends specificHeatCapacityCv
3084	"Return specific heat capacity at constant volume as a function of the thermodynamic state record"
3085
3086	algorithm
3087	cv:= SingleGasNasa.cp_Tlow(dryair, state.T)*(1-state.X[Water]) +
3088	SingleGasNasa.cp_Tlow(steam, state.T)*state.X[Water]
3089	- gasConstant(state);
3090	annotation(Inline=false,smoothOrder=2,
3091	Documentation(info="<html>
3092	The specific heat capacity at constant density <b>cv</b> is computed from temperature and composition for a mixture of steam (X[1]) and dry air. All water is assumed to be in the vapor state.
3093	</html>"));
3094	end specificHeatCapacityCv;
3095
3096	redeclare function extends dynamicViscosity
3097	"Return dynamic viscosity as a function of the thermodynamic state record, valid from 73.15 K to 373.15 K"
3098
3099	import Modelica.Media.Incompressible.TableBased.Polynomials_Temp;
3100	algorithm
3101	eta := Polynomials_Temp.evaluate({(-4.96717436974791E-011), 5.06626785714286E-008, 1.72937731092437E-005},
3102	Cv.to_degC(state.T));
3103	annotation(smoothOrder=2,
3104	Documentation(info="<html>
3105	Dynamic viscosity is computed from temperature using a simple polynomial for dry air, assuming that moisture influence is small. Range of validity is from 73.15 K to 373.15 K.
3106	</html>"));
3107	end dynamicViscosity;
3108
3109	redeclare function extends thermalConductivity
3110	"Return thermal conductivity as a function of the thermodynamic state record, valid from 73.15 K to 373.15 K"
3111
3112	import Modelica.Media.Incompressible.TableBased.Polynomials_Temp;
3113	algorithm
3114	lambda := Polynomials_Temp.evaluate({(-4.8737307422969E-008), 7.67803133753502E-005, 0.0241814385504202},
3115	Cv.to_degC(state.T));
3116	annotation(smoothOrder=2,
3117	Documentation(info="<html>
3118	Thermal conductivity is computed from temperature using a simple polynomial for dry air, assuming that moisture influence is small. Range of validity is from 73.15 K to 373.15 K.
3119	</html>"));
3120	end thermalConductivity;
3121
3122	package Utilities "utility functions"
3123
3124	function spliceFunction "Spline interpolation of two functions"
3125	input Real pos "Returned value for x-deltax >= 0";
3126	input Real neg "Returned value for x+deltax <= 0";
3127	input Real x "Function argument";
3128	input Real deltax=1 "Region around x with spline interpolation";
3129	output Real out;
3130	protected
3131	Real scaledX;
3132	Real scaledX1;
3133	Real y;
3134	algorithm
3135	scaledX1 := x/deltax;
3136	scaledX := scaledX1*Modelica.Math.asin(1);
3137	if scaledX1 <= -0.999999999 then
3138	y := 0;
3139	elseif scaledX1 >= 0.999999999 then
3140	y := 1;
3141	else
3142	y := (Modelica.Math.tanh(Modelica.Math.tan(scaledX)) + 1)/2;
3143	end if;
3144	out := posy + (1 - y)neg;
3145	annotation (derivative=spliceFunction_der);
3146	end spliceFunction;
3147
3148	function spliceFunction_der "Derivative of spliceFunction"
3149	input Real pos;
3150	input Real neg;
3151	input Real x;
3152	input Real deltax=1;
3153	input Real dpos;
3154	input Real dneg;
3155	input Real dx;
3156	input Real ddeltax=0;
3157	output Real out;
3158	protected
3159	Real scaledX;
3160	Real scaledX1;
3161	Real dscaledX1;
3162	Real y;
3163	algorithm
3164	scaledX1 := x/deltax;
3165	scaledX := scaledX1*Modelica.Math.asin(1);
3166	dscaledX1 := (dx - scaledX1*ddeltax)/deltax;
3167	if scaledX1 <= -0.99999999999 then
3168	y := 0;
3169	elseif scaledX1 >= 0.9999999999 then
3170	y := 1;
3171	else
3172	y := (Modelica.Math.tanh(Modelica.Math.tan(scaledX)) + 1)/2;
3173	end if;
3174	out := dposy + (1 - y)dneg;
3175	if (abs(scaledX1) < 1) then
3176	out := out + (pos - neg)dscaledX1Modelica.Math.asin(1)/2/(
3177	Modelica.Math.cosh(Modelica.Math.tan(scaledX))*Modelica.Math.cos(
3178	scaledX))^2;
3179	end if;
3180	end spliceFunction_der;
3181	end Utilities;
3182	annotation (Documentation(info="<html>
3183	<h4>Thermodynamic Model</h4>
3184	<p>This package provides a full thermodynamic model of moist air including the fog region and temperatures below zero degC.
3185	The governing assumptions in this model are:</p>
3186	<ul>
3187	<li>the perfect gas law applies</li>
3188	<li>water volume other than that of steam is neglected</li></ul>
3189	<p>All extensive properties are expressed in terms of the total mass in order to comply with other media in this libary. However, for moist air it is rather common to express the absolute humidity in terms of mass of dry air only, which has advantages when working with charts. In addition, care must be taken, when working with mass fractions with respect to total mass, that all properties refer to the same water content when being used in mathematical operations (which is always the case if based on dry air only). Therefore two absolute humidities are computed in the <b>BaseProperties</b> model: <b>X</b> denotes the absolute humidity in terms of the total mass while <b>x</b> denotes the absolute humitity per unit mass of dry air. In addition, the relative humidity <b>phi</b> is also computed.</p>
3190	<p>At the triple point temperature of water of 0.01 °C or 273.16 K and a relative humidity greater than 1 fog may be present as liquid and as ice resulting in a specific enthalpy somewhere between those of the two isotherms for solid and liquid fog, respectively. For numerical reasons a coexisting mixture of 50% solid and 50% liquid fog is assumed in the fog region at the triple point in this model.</p>
3191
3192	<h4>Range of validity</h4>
3193	<p>From the assumptions mentioned above it follows that the <b>pressure</b> should be in the region around <b>atmospheric</b> conditions or below (a few bars may still be fine though). Additionally a very high water content at low temperatures would yield incorrect densities, because the volume of the liquid or solid phase would not be negligible anymore. The model does not provide information on limits for water drop size in the fog region or transport information for the actual condensation or evaporation process in combination with surfaces. All excess water which is not in its vapour state is assumed to be still present in the air regarding its energy but not in terms of its spatial extent.<br><br>
3194	The thermodynamic model may be used for <b>temperatures</b> ranging from <b>240 - 400 K</b>. This holds for all functions unless otherwise stated in their description. However, although the model works at temperatures above the saturation temperature it is questionable to use the term \"relative humidity\" in this region. Please note, that although several functions compute pure water properties, they are designed to be used within the moist air medium model where properties are dominated by air and steam in their vapor states, and not for pure liquid water applications.</p>
3195
3196	<h4>Transport Properties</h4>
3197	<p>Several additional functions that are not needed to describe the thermodynamic system, but are required to model transport processes, like heat and mass transfer, may be called. They usually neglect the moisture influence unless otherwise stated.</p>
3198
3199	<h4>Application</h4>
3200	<p>The model's main area of application is all processes that involve moist air cooling under near atmospheric pressure with possible moisture condensation. This is the case in all domestic and industrial air conditioning applications. Another large domain of moist air applications covers all processes that deal with dehydration of bulk material using air as a transport medium. Engineering tasks involving moist air are often performed (or at least visualized) by using charts that contain all relevant thermodynamic data for a moist air system. These so called psychrometric charts can be generated from the medium properties in this package. The model <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.Air.MoistAir.PsychrometricData\">PsychrometricData</a> may be used for this purpose in order to obtain data for figures like those below (the plotting itself is not part of the model though).</p>
3201
3202	<img src=\"modelica://Modelica/Resources/Images/Media/Air/Mollier.png\">
3203
3204	<img src=\"modelica://Modelica/Resources/Images/Media/Air/PsycroChart.png\">
3205
3206	<p>
3207	<b>Legend:</b> blue - constant specific enthalpy, red - constant temperature, black - constant relative humidity</p>
3208
3209	</html>"));
3210	end MoistAir;
3211	annotation (Documentation(info="<html>
3212	<p>This package contains different medium models for air:</p>
3213	<ul>
3214	<li><b>SimpleAir</b><br>
3215	Simple dry air medium in a limited temperature range.</li>
3216	<li><b>DryAirNasa</b><br>
3217	Dry air as an ideal gas from Media.IdealGases.MixtureGases.Air.</li>
3218	<li><b>MoistAir</b><br>
3219	Moist air as an ideal gas mixture of steam and dry air with fog below and above the triple point temperature.</li>
3220	</ul>
3221	</html>"));
3222	end Air;
3223
3224	package IdealGases
3225	"Data and models of ideal gases (single, fixed and dynamic mixtures) from NASA source"
3226	extends Modelica.Icons.MaterialPropertiesPackage;
3227
3228	package Common "Common packages and data for the ideal gas models"
3229	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
3230
3231	record DataRecord
3232	"Coefficient data record for properties of ideal gases based on NASA source"
3233	extends Modelica.Icons.Record;
3234	String name "Name of ideal gas";
3235	SI.MolarMass MM "Molar mass";
3236	SI.SpecificEnthalpy Hf "Enthalpy of formation at 298.15K";
3237	SI.SpecificEnthalpy H0 "H0(298.15K) - H0(0K)";
3238	SI.Temperature Tlimit
3239	"Temperature limit between low and high data sets";
3240	Real alow[7] "Low temperature coefficients a";
3241	Real blow[2] "Low temperature constants b";
3242	Real ahigh[7] "High temperature coefficients a";
3243	Real bhigh[2] "High temperature constants b";
3244	SI.SpecificHeatCapacity R "Gas constant";
3245	annotation (Documentation(info="<HTML>
3246	<p>
3247	This data record contains the coefficients for the
3248	ideal gas equations according to:
3249	</p>
3250	<blockquote>
3251	<p>McBride B.J., Zehe M.J., and Gordon S. (2002): <b>NASA Glenn Coefficients
3252	for Calculating Thermodynamic Properties of Individual Species</b>. NASA
3253	report TP-2002-211556</p>
3254	</blockquote>
3255	<p>
3256	The equations have the following structure:
3257	</p>
3258	<IMG src=\"modelica://Modelica/Resources/Images/Media/IdealGases/singleEquations.png\">
3259	<p>
3260	The polynomials for h(T) and s0(T) are derived via integration from the one for cp(T) and contain the integration constants b1, b2 that define the reference specific enthalpy and entropy. For entropy differences the reference pressure p0 is arbitrary, but not for absolute entropies. It is chosen as 1 standard atmosphere (101325 Pa).
3261	</p>
3262	<p>
3263	For most gases, the region of validity is from 200 K to 6000 K.
3264	The equations are splitted into two regions that are separated
3265	by Tlimit (usually 1000 K). In both regions the gas is described
3266	by the data above. The two branches are continuous and in most
3267	gases also differentiable at Tlimit.
3268	</p>
3269	</HTML>"));
3270	end DataRecord;
3271
3272	partial package SingleGasNasa
3273	"Medium model of an ideal gas based on NASA source"
3274
3275	extends Interfaces.PartialPureSubstance(
3276	ThermoStates = Choices.IndependentVariables.pT,
3277	mediumName=data.name,
3278	substanceNames={data.name},
3279	singleState=false,
3280	Temperature(min=200, max=6000, start=500, nominal=500),
3281	SpecificEnthalpy(start=if referenceChoice==ReferenceEnthalpy.ZeroAt0K then data.H0 else
3282	if referenceChoice==ReferenceEnthalpy.UserDefined then h_offset else 0, nominal=1.0e5),
3283	Density(start=10, nominal=10),
3284	AbsolutePressure(start=10e5, nominal=10e5));
3285
3286	redeclare record extends ThermodynamicState
3287	"thermodynamic state variables for ideal gases"
3288	AbsolutePressure p "Absolute pressure of medium";
3289	Temperature T "Temperature of medium";
3290	end ThermodynamicState;
3291
3292	redeclare record extends FluidConstants "Extended fluid constants"
3293	Temperature criticalTemperature "critical temperature";
3294	AbsolutePressure criticalPressure "critical pressure";
3295	MolarVolume criticalMolarVolume "critical molar Volume";
3296	Real acentricFactor "Pitzer acentric factor";
3297	Temperature triplePointTemperature "triple point temperature";
3298	AbsolutePressure triplePointPressure "triple point pressure";
3299	Temperature meltingPoint "melting point at 101325 Pa";
3300	Temperature normalBoilingPoint "normal boiling point (at 101325 Pa)";
3301	DipoleMoment dipoleMoment
3302	"dipole moment of molecule in Debye (1 debye = 3.33564e10-30 C.m)";
3303	Boolean hasIdealGasHeatCapacity=false
3304	"true if ideal gas heat capacity is available";
3305	Boolean hasCriticalData=false "true if critical data are known";
3306	Boolean hasDipoleMoment=false "true if a dipole moment known";
3307	Boolean hasFundamentalEquation=false "true if a fundamental equation";
3308	Boolean hasLiquidHeatCapacity=false
3309	"true if liquid heat capacity is available";
3310	Boolean hasSolidHeatCapacity=false
3311	"true if solid heat capacity is available";
3312	Boolean hasAccurateViscosityData=false
3313	"true if accurate data for a viscosity function is available";
3314	Boolean hasAccurateConductivityData=false
3315	"true if accurate data for thermal conductivity is available";
3316	Boolean hasVapourPressureCurve=false
3317	"true if vapour pressure data, e.g., Antoine coefficents are known";
3318	Boolean hasAcentricFactor=false
3319	"true if Pitzer accentric factor is known";
3320	SpecificEnthalpy HCRIT0=0.0
3321	"Critical specific enthalpy of the fundamental equation";
3322	SpecificEntropy SCRIT0=0.0
3323	"Critical specific entropy of the fundamental equation";
3324	SpecificEnthalpy deltah=0.0
3325	"Difference between specific enthalpy model (h_m) and f.eq. (h_f) (h_m - h_f)";
3326	SpecificEntropy deltas=0.0
3327	"Difference between specific enthalpy model (s_m) and f.eq. (s_f) (s_m - s_f)";
3328	end FluidConstants;
3329
3330	import SI = Modelica.SIunits;
3331	import Modelica.Math;
3332	import Modelica.Media.Interfaces.PartialMedium.Choices.ReferenceEnthalpy;
3333
3334	constant Boolean excludeEnthalpyOfFormation=true
3335	"If true, enthalpy of formation Hf is not included in specific enthalpy h";
3336	constant ReferenceEnthalpy referenceChoice=Choices.
3337	ReferenceEnthalpy.ZeroAt0K "Choice of reference enthalpy";
3338	constant SpecificEnthalpy h_offset=0.0
3339	"User defined offset for reference enthalpy, if referenceChoice = UserDefined";
3340
3341	constant IdealGases.Common.DataRecord data
3342	"Data record of ideal gas substance";
3343
3344	constant FluidConstants[nS] fluidConstants
3345	"constant data for the fluid";
3346
3347	redeclare model extends BaseProperties(
3348	T(stateSelect=if preferredMediumStates then StateSelect.prefer else StateSelect.default),
3349	p(stateSelect=if preferredMediumStates then StateSelect.prefer else StateSelect.default))
3350	"Base properties of ideal gas medium"
3351	equation
3352	assert(T >= 200 and T <= 6000, "
3353	Temperature T (= " + String(T) + " K) is not in the allowed range
3354	200 K <= T <= 6000 K required from medium model \"" + mediumName + "\".
3355	");
3356	MM = data.MM;
3357	R = data.R;
3358	h = h_T(data, T, excludeEnthalpyOfFormation, referenceChoice, h_offset);
3359	u = h - R*T;
3360
3361	// Has to be written in the form d=f(p,T) in order that static
3362	// state selection for p and T is possible
3363	d = p/(R*T);
3364	// connect state with BaseProperties
3365	state.T = T;
3366	state.p = p;
3367	end BaseProperties;
3368
3369	redeclare function setState_pTX
3370	"Return thermodynamic state as function of p, T and composition X"
3371	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
3372	input AbsolutePressure p "Pressure";
3373	input Temperature T "Temperature";
3374	input MassFraction X[:]=reference_X "Mass fractions";
3375	output ThermodynamicState state;
3376	algorithm
3377	state := ThermodynamicState(p=p,T=T);
3378	end setState_pTX;
3379
3380	redeclare function setState_phX
3381	"Return thermodynamic state as function of p, h and composition X"
3382	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
3383	input AbsolutePressure p "Pressure";
3384	input SpecificEnthalpy h "Specific enthalpy";
3385	input MassFraction X[:]=reference_X "Mass fractions";
3386	output ThermodynamicState state;
3387	algorithm
3388	state := ThermodynamicState(p=p,T=T_h(h));
3389	end setState_phX;
3390
3391	redeclare function setState_psX
3392	"Return thermodynamic state as function of p, s and composition X"
3393	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
3394	input AbsolutePressure p "Pressure";
3395	input SpecificEntropy s "Specific entropy";
3396	input MassFraction X[:]=reference_X "Mass fractions";
3397	output ThermodynamicState state;
3398	algorithm
3399	state := ThermodynamicState(p=p,T=T_ps(p,s));
3400	end setState_psX;
3401
3402	redeclare function setState_dTX
3403	"Return thermodynamic state as function of d, T and composition X"
3404	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
3405	input Density d "density";
3406	input Temperature T "Temperature";
3407	input MassFraction X[:]=reference_X "Mass fractions";
3408	output ThermodynamicState state;
3409	algorithm
3410	state := ThermodynamicState(p=ddata.RT,T=T);
3411	end setState_dTX;
3412
3413	redeclare function extends setSmoothState
3414	"Return thermodynamic state so that it smoothly approximates: if x > 0 then state_a else state_b"
3415	algorithm
3416	state := ThermodynamicState(p=Media.Common.smoothStep(x, state_a.p, state_b.p, x_small),
3417	T=Media.Common.smoothStep(x, state_a.T, state_b.T, x_small));
3418	end setSmoothState;
3419
3420	redeclare function extends pressure "return pressure of ideal gas"
3421	algorithm
3422	p := state.p;
3423	end pressure;
3424
3425	redeclare function extends temperature
3426	"return temperature of ideal gas"
3427	algorithm
3428	T := state.T;
3429	end temperature;
3430
3431	redeclare function extends density "return density of ideal gas"
3432	algorithm
3433	d := state.p/(data.R*state.T);
3434	end density;
3435
3436	redeclare function extends specificEnthalpy "Return specific enthalpy"
3437	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
3438	algorithm
3439	h := h_T(data,state.T);
3440	end specificEnthalpy;
3441
3442	redeclare function extends specificInternalEnergy
3443	"Return specific internal energy"
3444	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
3445	algorithm
3446	u := h_T(data,state.T) - data.R*state.T;
3447	end specificInternalEnergy;
3448
3449	redeclare function extends specificEntropy "Return specific entropy"
3450	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
3451	algorithm
3452	s := s0_T(data, state.T) - data.R*Modelica.Math.log(state.p/reference_p);
3453	end specificEntropy;
3454
3455	redeclare function extends specificGibbsEnergy
3456	"Return specific Gibbs energy"
3457	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
3458	algorithm
3459	g := h_T(data,state.T) - state.T*specificEntropy(state);
3460	end specificGibbsEnergy;
3461
3462	redeclare function extends specificHelmholtzEnergy
3463	"Return specific Helmholtz energy"
3464	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
3465	algorithm
3466	f := h_T(data,state.T) - data.Rstate.T - state.TspecificEntropy(state);
3467	end specificHelmholtzEnergy;
3468
3469	redeclare function extends specificHeatCapacityCp
3470	"Return specific heat capacity at constant pressure"
3471	algorithm
3472	cp := cp_T(data, state.T);
3473	end specificHeatCapacityCp;
3474
3475	redeclare function extends specificHeatCapacityCv
3476	"Compute specific heat capacity at constant volume from temperature and gas data"
3477	algorithm
3478	cv := cp_T(data, state.T) - data.R;
3479	end specificHeatCapacityCv;
3480
3481	redeclare function extends isentropicExponent
3482	"Return isentropic exponent"
3483	algorithm
3484	gamma := specificHeatCapacityCp(state)/specificHeatCapacityCv(state);
3485	end isentropicExponent;
3486
3487	redeclare function extends velocityOfSound "Return velocity of sound"
3488	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
3489	algorithm
3490	a := sqrt(max(0,data.Rstate.Tcp_T(data, state.T)/specificHeatCapacityCv(state)));
3491	end velocityOfSound;
3492
3493	function isentropicEnthalpyApproximation
3494	"approximate method of calculating h_is from upstream properties and downstream pressure"
3495	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
3496	input SI.Pressure p2 "downstream pressure";
3497	input ThermodynamicState state "properties at upstream location";
3498	input Boolean exclEnthForm=excludeEnthalpyOfFormation
3499	"If true, enthalpy of formation Hf is not included in specific enthalpy h";
3500	input ReferenceEnthalpy refChoice=referenceChoice
3501	"Choice of reference enthalpy";
3502	input SpecificEnthalpy h_off=h_offset
3503	"User defined offset for reference enthalpy, if referenceChoice = UserDefined";
3504	output SI.SpecificEnthalpy h_is "isentropic enthalpy";
3505	protected
3506	IsentropicExponent gamma = isentropicExponent(state)
3507	"Isentropic exponent";
3508	algorithm
3509	h_is := h_T(data,state.T,exclEnthForm,refChoice,h_off) +
3510	gamma/(gamma - 1.0)state.p/density(state)((p2/state.p)^((gamma - 1)/gamma) - 1.0);
3511	end isentropicEnthalpyApproximation;
3512
3513	redeclare function extends isentropicEnthalpy
3514	"Return isentropic enthalpy"
3515	input Boolean exclEnthForm=excludeEnthalpyOfFormation
3516	"If true, enthalpy of formation Hf is not included in specific enthalpy h";
3517	input ReferenceEnthalpy refChoice=referenceChoice
3518	"Choice of reference enthalpy";
3519	input SpecificEnthalpy h_off=h_offset
3520	"User defined offset for reference enthalpy, if referenceChoice = UserDefined";
3521	algorithm
3522	h_is := isentropicEnthalpyApproximation(p_downstream,refState,exclEnthForm,refChoice,h_off);
3523	end isentropicEnthalpy;
3524
3525	redeclare function extends isobaricExpansionCoefficient
3526	"Returns overall the isobaric expansion coefficient beta"
3527	algorithm
3528	beta := 1/state.T;
3529	end isobaricExpansionCoefficient;
3530
3531	redeclare function extends isothermalCompressibility
3532	"Returns overall the isothermal compressibility factor"
3533	algorithm
3534	kappa := 1.0/state.p;
3535	end isothermalCompressibility;
3536
3537	redeclare function extends density_derp_T
3538	"Returns the partial derivative of density with respect to pressure at constant temperature"
3539	algorithm
3540	ddpT := 1/(state.T*data.R);
3541	end density_derp_T;
3542
3543	redeclare function extends density_derT_p
3544	"Returns the partial derivative of density with respect to temperature at constant pressure"
3545	algorithm
3546	ddTp := -state.p/(state.Tstate.Tdata.R);
3547	end density_derT_p;
3548
3549	redeclare function extends density_derX
3550	"Returns the partial derivative of density with respect to mass fractions at constant pressure and temperature"
3551	algorithm
3552	dddX := fill(0,nX);
3553	end density_derX;
3554
3555	function cp_T
3556	"Compute specific heat capacity at constant pressure from temperature and gas data"
3557	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
3558	input IdealGases.Common.DataRecord data "Ideal gas data";
3559	input SI.Temperature T "Temperature";
3560	output SI.SpecificHeatCapacity cp
3561	"Specific heat capacity at temperature T";
3562	algorithm
3563	cp := smooth(0,if T < data.Tlimit then data.R(1/(TT)(data.alow[1] + T(
3564	data.alow[2] + T(1.data.alow[3] + T(data.alow[4] + T(data.alow[5] + T
3565	(data.alow[6] + data.alow[7]T))))))) else data.R(1/(TT)*(data.ahigh[1]
3566	+ T(data.ahigh[2] + T(1.data.ahigh[3] + T(data.ahigh[4] + T*(data.
3567	ahigh[5] + T(data.ahigh[6] + data.ahigh[7]T))))))));
3568	annotation (InlineNoEvent=false,smoothOrder=2);
3569	end cp_T;
3570
3571	function cp_Tlow
3572	"Compute specific heat capacity at constant pressure, low T region"
3573	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
3574	input IdealGases.Common.DataRecord data "Ideal gas data";
3575	input SI.Temperature T "Temperature";
3576	output SI.SpecificHeatCapacity cp
3577	"Specific heat capacity at temperature T";
3578	algorithm
3579	cp := data.R(1/(TT)(data.alow[1] + T(
3580	data.alow[2] + T(1.data.alow[3] + T(data.alow[4] + T(data.alow[5] + T
3581	(data.alow[6] + data.alow[7]T)))))));
3582	annotation (Inline=false, derivative(zeroDerivative=data) = cp_Tlow_der);
3583	end cp_Tlow;
3584
3585	function cp_Tlow_der
3586	"Compute specific heat capacity at constant pressure, low T region"
3587	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
3588	input IdealGases.Common.DataRecord data "Ideal gas data";
3589	input SI.Temperature T "Temperature";
3590	input Real dT "Temperature derivative";
3591	output Real cp_der "Derivative of specific heat capacity";
3592	algorithm
3593	cp_der := dTdata.R/(TTT)(-2data.alow[1] + T(
3594	-data.alow[2] + TT(data.alow[4] + T(2.data.alow[5] + T
3595	(3.data.alow[6] + 4.data.alow[7]T)))));
3596	end cp_Tlow_der;
3597
3598	function h_T "Compute specific enthalpy from temperature and gas data; reference is decided by the
3599	refChoice input, or by the referenceChoice package constant by default"
3600	import Modelica.Media.Interfaces.PartialMedium.Choices;
3601	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
3602	input IdealGases.Common.DataRecord data "Ideal gas data";
3603	input SI.Temperature T "Temperature";
3604	input Boolean exclEnthForm=excludeEnthalpyOfFormation
3605	"If true, enthalpy of formation Hf is not included in specific enthalpy h";
3606	input Choices.ReferenceEnthalpy refChoice=referenceChoice
3607	"Choice of reference enthalpy";
3608	input SI.SpecificEnthalpy h_off=h_offset
3609	"User defined offset for reference enthalpy, if referenceChoice = UserDefined";
3610	output SI.SpecificEnthalpy h "Specific enthalpy at temperature T";
3611	// annotation (InlineNoEvent=false, Inline=false,
3612	// derivative(zeroDerivative=data,
3613	// zeroDerivative=exclEnthForm,
3614	// zeroDerivative=refChoice,
3615	// zeroDerivative=h_off) = h_T_der);
3616	algorithm
3617	h := smooth(0,(if T < data.Tlimit then data.R((-data.alow[1] + T(data.
3618	blow[1] + data.alow[2]Math.log(T) + T(1.data.alow[3] + T(0.5*data.
3619	alow[4] + T(1/3data.alow[5] + T(0.25data.alow[6] + 0.2data.alow[7]T))))))
3620	/T) else data.R((-data.ahigh[1] + T(data.bhigh[1] + data.ahigh[2]*
3621	Math.log(T) + T(1.data.ahigh[3] + T(0.5data.ahigh[4] + T(1/3data.
3622	ahigh[5] + T(0.25data.ahigh[6] + 0.2data.ahigh[7]T))))))/T)) + (if
3623	exclEnthForm then -data.Hf else 0.0) + (if (refChoice
3624	== Choices.ReferenceEnthalpy.ZeroAt0K) then data.H0 else 0.0) + (if
3625	refChoice == Choices.ReferenceEnthalpy.UserDefined then h_off else
3626	0.0));
3627	annotation (Inline=false,smoothOrder=2);
3628	end h_T;
3629
3630	function h_T_der "derivative function for h_T"
3631	import Modelica.Media.Interfaces.PartialMedium.Choices;
3632	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
3633	input IdealGases.Common.DataRecord data "Ideal gas data";
3634	input SI.Temperature T "Temperature";
3635	input Boolean exclEnthForm=excludeEnthalpyOfFormation
3636	"If true, enthalpy of formation Hf is not included in specific enthalpy h";
3637	input Choices.ReferenceEnthalpy refChoice=referenceChoice
3638	"Choice of reference enthalpy";
3639	input SI.SpecificEnthalpy h_off=h_offset
3640	"User defined offset for reference enthalpy, if referenceChoice = UserDefined";
3641	input Real dT "Temperature derivative";
3642	output Real h_der "Specific enthalpy at temperature T";
3643	algorithm
3644	h_der := dT*cp_T(data,T);
3645	end h_T_der;
3646
3647	function h_Tlow "Compute specific enthalpy, low T region; reference is decided by the
3648	refChoice input, or by the referenceChoice package constant by default"
3649	import Modelica.Media.Interfaces.PartialMedium.Choices;
3650	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
3651	input IdealGases.Common.DataRecord data "Ideal gas data";
3652	input SI.Temperature T "Temperature";
3653	input Boolean exclEnthForm=excludeEnthalpyOfFormation
3654	"If true, enthalpy of formation Hf is not included in specific enthalpy h";
3655	input Choices.ReferenceEnthalpy refChoice=referenceChoice
3656	"Choice of reference enthalpy";
3657	input SI.SpecificEnthalpy h_off=h_offset
3658	"User defined offset for reference enthalpy, if referenceChoice = UserDefined";
3659	output SI.SpecificEnthalpy h "Specific enthalpy at temperature T";
3660	// annotation (Inline=false,InlineNoEvent=false, derivative(zeroDerivative=data,
3661	// zeroDerivative=exclEnthForm,
3662	// zeroDerivative=refChoice,
3663	// zeroDerivative=h_off) = h_Tlow_der);
3664	algorithm
3665	h := data.R((-data.alow[1] + T(data.
3666	blow[1] + data.alow[2]Math.log(T) + T(1.data.alow[3] + T(0.5*data.
3667	alow[4] + T(1/3data.alow[5] + T(0.25data.alow[6] + 0.2data.alow[7]T))))))
3668	/T) + (if
3669	exclEnthForm then -data.Hf else 0.0) + (if (refChoice
3670	== Choices.ReferenceEnthalpy.ZeroAt0K) then data.H0 else 0.0) + (if
3671	refChoice == Choices.ReferenceEnthalpy.UserDefined then h_off else
3672	0.0);
3673	annotation(Inline=false,InlineNoEvent=false,smoothOrder=2);
3674	end h_Tlow;
3675
3676	function h_Tlow_der "Compute specific enthalpy, low T region; reference is decided by the
3677	refChoice input, or by the referenceChoice package constant by default"
3678	import Modelica.Media.Interfaces.PartialMedium.Choices;
3679	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
3680	input IdealGases.Common.DataRecord data "Ideal gas data";
3681	input SI.Temperature T "Temperature";
3682	input Boolean exclEnthForm=excludeEnthalpyOfFormation
3683	"If true, enthalpy of formation Hf is not included in specific enthalpy h";
3684	input Choices.ReferenceEnthalpy refChoice=referenceChoice
3685	"Choice of reference enthalpy";
3686	input SI.SpecificEnthalpy h_off=h_offset
3687	"User defined offset for reference enthalpy, if referenceChoice = UserDefined";
3688	input Real dT(unit="K/s") "Temperature derivative";
3689	output Real h_der(unit="J/(kg.s)")
3690	"Derivative of specific enthalpy at temperature T";
3691	algorithm
3692	h_der := dT*cp_Tlow(data,T);
3693	end h_Tlow_der;
3694
3695	function s0_T "Compute specific entropy from temperature and gas data"
3696	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
3697	input IdealGases.Common.DataRecord data "Ideal gas data";
3698	input SI.Temperature T "Temperature";
3699	output SI.SpecificEntropy s "Specific entropy at temperature T";
3700	algorithm
3701	s := noEvent(if T < data.Tlimit then data.R(data.blow[2] - 0.5data.alow[
3702	1]/(TT) - data.alow[2]/T + data.alow[3]Math.log(T) + T*(
3703	data.alow[4] + T(0.5data.alow[5] + T(1/3data.alow[6] + 0.25*data.alow[
3704	7]T)))) else data.R(data.bhigh[2] - 0.5data.ahigh[1]/(TT) - data.
3705	ahigh[2]/T + data.ahigh[3]Math.log(T) + T(data.ahigh[4]
3706	+ T(0.5data.ahigh[5] + T(1/3data.ahigh[6] + 0.25data.ahigh[7]T)))));
3707	annotation (InlineNoEvent=false,smoothOrder=1);
3708	end s0_T;
3709
3710	function s0_Tlow "Compute specific entropy, low T region"
3711	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
3712	input IdealGases.Common.DataRecord data "Ideal gas data";
3713	input SI.Temperature T "Temperature";
3714	output SI.SpecificEntropy s "Specific entropy at temperature T";
3715	algorithm
3716	s := data.R(data.blow[2] - 0.5data.alow[
3717	1]/(TT) - data.alow[2]/T + data.alow[3]Math.log(T) + T*(
3718	data.alow[4] + T(0.5data.alow[5] + T(1/3data.alow[6] + 0.25*data.alow[
3719	7]*T))));
3720	annotation (InlineNoEvent=false,smoothOrder=1);
3721	end s0_Tlow;
3722
3723	function dynamicViscosityLowPressure
3724	"Dynamic viscosity of low pressure gases"
3725	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
3726	input SI.Temp_K T "Gas temperature";
3727	input SI.Temp_K Tc "Critical temperature of gas";
3728	input SI.MolarMass M "Molar mass of gas";
3729	input SI.MolarVolume Vc "Critical molar volume of gas";
3730	input Real w "Acentric factor of gas";
3731	input DipoleMoment mu "Dipole moment of gas molecule";
3732	input Real k = 0.0 "Special correction for highly polar substances";
3733	output SI.DynamicViscosity eta "Dynamic viscosity of gas";
3734	protected
3735	parameter Real Const1_SI=40.785*10^(-9.5)
3736	"Constant in formula for eta converted to SI units";
3737	parameter Real Const2_SI=131.3/1000.0
3738	"Constant in formula for mur converted to SI units";
3739	Real mur=Const2_SImu/sqrt(VcTc)
3740	"Dimensionless dipole moment of gas molecule";
3741	Real Fc=1 - 0.2756w + 0.059035mur^4 + k
3742	"Factor to account for molecular shape and polarities of gas";
3743	Real Tstar "Dimensionless temperature defined by equation below";
3744	Real Ov "Viscosity collision integral for the gas";
3745
3746	algorithm
3747	Tstar := 1.2593*T/Tc;
3748	Ov := 1.16145Tstar^(-0.14874) + 0.52487exp(-0.7732Tstar) + 2.16178exp(-2.43787
3749	*Tstar);
3750	eta := Const1_SIFcsqrt(MT)/(Vc^(2/3)Ov);
3751	annotation (smoothOrder=2,
3752	Documentation(info="<html>
3753	<p>
3754	The used formula are based on the method of Chung et al (1984, 1988) referred to in ref [1] chapter 9.
3755	The formula 9-4.10 is the one being used. The Formula is given in non-SI units, the follwong onversion constants were used to
3756	transform the formula to SI units:
3757	</p>
3758
3759	<ul>
3760	<li> <b>Const1_SI:</b> The factor 10^(-9.5) =10^(-2.5)*1e-7 where the
3761	factor 10^(-2.5) originates from the conversion of g/mol->kg/mol + cm^3/mol->m^3/mol
3762	and the factor 1e-7 is due to conversionfrom microPoise->Pa.s.</li>
3763	<li> <b>Const2_SI:</b> The factor 1/3.335641e-27 = 1e-3/3.335641e-30
3764	where the factor 3.335641e-30 comes from debye->C.m and
3765	1e-3 is due to conversion from cm^3/mol->m^3/mol</li>
3766	</ul>
3767
3768	<h4>References:</h4>
3769	<p>
3770	[1] Bruce E. Poling, John E. Prausnitz, John P. O'Connell, \"The Properties of Gases and Liquids\" 5th Ed. Mc Graw Hill.
3771	</p>
3772
3773	<h4>Author</h4>
3774	<p>T. Skoglund, Lund, Sweden, 2004-08-31</p>
3775
3776	</html>"));
3777	end dynamicViscosityLowPressure;
3778
3779	redeclare replaceable function extends dynamicViscosity
3780	"dynamic viscosity"
3781	algorithm
3782	assert(fluidConstants[1].hasCriticalData,
3783	"Failed to compute dynamicViscosity: For the species \"" + mediumName + "\" no critical data is available.");
3784	assert(fluidConstants[1].hasDipoleMoment,
3785	"Failed to compute dynamicViscosity: For the species \"" + mediumName + "\" no critical data is available.");
3786	eta := dynamicViscosityLowPressure(state.T,
3787	fluidConstants[1].criticalTemperature,
3788	fluidConstants[1].molarMass,
3789	fluidConstants[1].criticalMolarVolume,
3790	fluidConstants[1].acentricFactor,
3791	fluidConstants[1].dipoleMoment);
3792	annotation (smoothOrder=2);
3793	end dynamicViscosity;
3794
3795	function thermalConductivityEstimate
3796	"Thermal conductivity of polyatomic gases(Eucken and Modified Eucken correlation)"
3797	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
3798	input SpecificHeatCapacity Cp "Constant pressure heat capacity";
3799	input DynamicViscosity eta "Dynamic viscosity";
3800	input Integer method(min=1,max=2)=1
3801	"1: Eucken Method, 2: Modified Eucken Method";
3802	output ThermalConductivity lambda "Thermal conductivity [W/(m.k)]";
3803	algorithm
3804	lambda := if method == 1 then eta(Cp - data.R + (9/4)data.R) else eta*(Cp
3805	- data.R)*(1.32 + 1.77/((Cp/Modelica.Constants.R) - 1.0));
3806	annotation (smoothOrder=2,
3807	Documentation(info="<html>
3808	<p>
3809	This function provides two similar methods for estimating the
3810	thermal conductivity of polyatomic gases.
3811	The Eucken method (input method == 1) gives good results for low temperatures,
3812	but it tends to give an underestimated value of the thermal conductivity
3813	(lambda) at higher temperatures.<br>
3814	The Modified Eucken method (input method == 2) gives good results for
3815	high-temperatures, but it tends to give an overestimated value of the
3816	thermal conductivity (lambda) at low temperatures.
3817	</p>
3818	</html>"));
3819	end thermalConductivityEstimate;
3820
3821	redeclare replaceable function extends thermalConductivity
3822	"thermal conductivity of gas"
3823	input Integer method=1 "1: Eucken Method, 2: Modified Eucken Method";
3824	algorithm
3825	assert(fluidConstants[1].hasCriticalData,
3826	"Failed to compute thermalConductivity: For the species \"" + mediumName + "\" no critical data is available.");
3827	lambda := thermalConductivityEstimate(specificHeatCapacityCp(state),
3828	dynamicViscosity(state), method=method);
3829	annotation (smoothOrder=2);
3830	end thermalConductivity;
3831
3832	redeclare function extends molarMass
3833	"return the molar mass of the medium"
3834	algorithm
3835	MM := data.MM;
3836	end molarMass;
3837
3838	function T_h "Compute temperature from specific enthalpy"
3839	input SpecificEnthalpy h "Specific enthalpy";
3840	output Temperature T "Temperature";
3841
3842	protected
3843	package Internal
3844	"Solve h(data,T) for T with given h (use only indirectly via temperature_phX)"
3845	extends Modelica.Media.Common.OneNonLinearEquation;
3846	redeclare record extends f_nonlinear_Data
3847	"Data to be passed to non-linear function"
3848	extends Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.DataRecord;
3849	end f_nonlinear_Data;
3850
3851	redeclare function extends f_nonlinear
3852	algorithm
3853	y := h_T(f_nonlinear_data,x);
3854	end f_nonlinear;
3855
3856	// Dummy definition has to be added for current Dymola
3857	redeclare function extends solve
3858	end solve;
3859	end Internal;
3860
3861	algorithm
3862	T := Internal.solve(h, 200, 6000, 1.0e5, {1}, data);
3863	end T_h;
3864
3865	function T_ps "Compute temperature from pressure and specific entropy"
3866	input AbsolutePressure p "Pressure";
3867	input SpecificEntropy s "Specific entropy";
3868	output Temperature T "Temperature";
3869
3870	protected
3871	package Internal
3872	"Solve h(data,T) for T with given h (use only indirectly via temperature_phX)"
3873	extends Modelica.Media.Common.OneNonLinearEquation;
3874	redeclare record extends f_nonlinear_Data
3875	"Data to be passed to non-linear function"
3876	extends Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.DataRecord;
3877	end f_nonlinear_Data;
3878
3879	redeclare function extends f_nonlinear
3880	algorithm
3881	y := s0_T(f_nonlinear_data,x)- data.R*Modelica.Math.log(p/reference_p);
3882	end f_nonlinear;
3883
3884	// Dummy definition has to be added for current Dymola
3885	redeclare function extends solve
3886	end solve;
3887	end Internal;
3888
3889	algorithm
3890	T := Internal.solve(s, 200, 6000, p, {1}, data);
3891	end T_ps;
3892
3893	annotation (
3894	Documentation(info="<HTML>
3895	<p>
3896	This model calculates medium properties
3897	for an ideal gas of a single substance, or for an ideal
3898	gas consisting of several substances where the
3899	mass fractions are fixed. Independent variables
3900	are temperature <b>T</b> and pressure <b>p</b>.
3901	Only density is a function of T and p. All other quantities
3902	are solely a function of T. The properties
3903	are valid in the range:
3904	</p>
3905	<pre>
3906	200 K ≤ T ≤ 6000 K
3907	</pre>
3908	<p>
3909	The following quantities are always computed:
3910	</p>
3911	<table border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2>
3912	<tr><td valign=\"top\"><b>Variable</b></td>
3913	<td valign=\"top\"><b>Unit</b></td>
3914	<td valign=\"top\"><b>Description</b></td></tr>
3915	<tr><td valign=\"top\">h</td>
3916	<td valign=\"top\">J/kg</td>
3917	<td valign=\"top\">specific enthalpy h = h(T)</td></tr>
3918	<tr><td valign=\"top\">u</td>
3919	<td valign=\"top\">J/kg</td>
3920	<td valign=\"top\">specific internal energy u = u(T)</b></td></tr>
3921	<tr><td valign=\"top\">d</td>
3922	<td valign=\"top\">kg/m^3</td>
3923	<td valign=\"top\">density d = d(p,T)</td></tr>
3924	</table>
3925	<p>
3926	For the other variables, see the functions in
3927	Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.SingleGasNasa.
3928	Note, dynamic viscosity and thermal conductivity are only provided
3929	for gases that use a data record from Modelica.Media.IdealGases.FluidData.
3930	Currently these are the following gases:
3931	</p>
3932	<pre>
3933	Ar
3934	C2H2_vinylidene
3935	C2H4
3936	C2H5OH
3937	C2H6
3938	C3H6_propylene
3939	C3H7OH
3940	C3H8
3941	C4H8_1_butene
3942	C4H9OH
3943	C4H10_n_butane
3944	C5H10_1_pentene
3945	C5H12_n_pentane
3946	C6H6
3947	C6H12_1_hexene
3948	C6H14_n_heptane
3949	C7H14_1_heptene
3950	C8H10_ethylbenz
3951	CH3OH
3952	CH4
3953	CL2
3954	CO
3955	CO2
3956	F2
3957	H2
3958	H2O
3959	He
3960	N2
3961	N2O
3962	NH3
3963	NO
3964	O2
3965	SO2
3966	SO3
3967	</pre>
3968	<p>
3969	<b>Sources for model and literature:</b><br>
3970	Original Data: Computer program for calculation of complex chemical
3971	equilibrium compositions and applications. Part 1: Analysis
3972	Document ID: 19950013764 N (95N20180) File Series: NASA Technical Reports
3973	Report Number: NASA-RP-1311 E-8017 NAS 1.61:1311
3974	Authors: Gordon, Sanford (NASA Lewis Research Center)
3975	Mcbride, Bonnie J. (NASA Lewis Research Center)
3976	Published: Oct 01, 1994.
3977	</p>
3978	<p><b>Known limits of validity:</b></br>
3979	The data is valid for
3980	temperatures between 200 K and 6000 K. A few of the data sets for
3981	monatomic gases have a discontinuous 1st derivative at 1000 K, but
3982	this never caused problems so far.
3983	</p>
3984	<p>
3985	This model has been copied from the ThermoFluid library
3986	and adapted to the Modelica.Media package.
3987	</p>
3988	</HTML>"),Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-100,-100},{100,
3989	100}}),
3990	graphics),
3991	Diagram(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-100,-100},{100,
3992	100}}),
3993	graphics));
3994	end SingleGasNasa;
3995
3996	package FluidData "Critical data, dipole moments and related data"
3997	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
3998	import Modelica.Media.Interfaces.PartialMedium;
3999	import Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.SingleGasesData;
4000
4001	constant SingleGasNasa.FluidConstants N2(
4002	chemicalFormula = "N2",
4003	iupacName = "unknown",
4004	structureFormula = "unknown",
4005	casRegistryNumber = "7727-37-9",
4006	meltingPoint = 63.15,
4007	normalBoilingPoint = 77.35,
4008	criticalTemperature = 126.20,
4009	criticalPressure = 33.98e5,
4010	criticalMolarVolume = 90.10e-6,
4011	acentricFactor = 0.037,
4012	dipoleMoment = 0.0,
4013	molarMass = SingleGasesData.N2.MM,
4014	hasDipoleMoment = true,
4015	hasIdealGasHeatCapacity=true,
4016	hasCriticalData = true,
4017	hasAcentricFactor = true);
4018
4019	constant SingleGasNasa.FluidConstants H2O(
4020	chemicalFormula = "H2O",
4021	iupacName = "unknown",
4022	structureFormula = "unknown",
4023	casRegistryNumber = "7732-18-5",
4024	meltingPoint = 273.15,
4025	normalBoilingPoint = 373.15,
4026	criticalTemperature = 647.14,
4027	criticalPressure = 220.64e5,
4028	criticalMolarVolume = 55.95e-6,
4029	acentricFactor = 0.344,
4030	dipoleMoment = 1.8,
4031	molarMass = SingleGasesData.H2O.MM,
4032	hasDipoleMoment = true,
4033	hasIdealGasHeatCapacity=true,
4034	hasCriticalData = true,
4035	hasAcentricFactor = true);
4036	annotation (Documentation(info="<html>
4037	<p>
4038	This package contains FluidConstants data records for the following 37 gases
4039	(see also the description in
4040	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.IdealGases\">Modelica.Media.IdealGases</a>):
4041	</p>
4042	<pre>
4043	Argon Methane Methanol Carbon Monoxide Carbon Dioxide
4044	Acetylene Ethylene Ethanol Ethane Propylene
4045	Propane 1-Propanol 1-Butene N-Butane 1-Pentene
4046	N-Pentane Benzene 1-Hexene N-Hexane 1-Heptane
4047	N-Heptane Ethylbenzene N-Octane Chlorine Fluorine
4048	Hydrogen Steam Helium Ammonia Nitric Oxide
4049	Nitrogen Dioxide Nitrogen Nitrous Oxide Neon Oxygen
4050	Sulfur Dioxide Sulfur Trioxide
4051	</pre>
4052
4053	</html>"));
4054	end FluidData;
4055
4056	package SingleGasesData
4057	"Ideal gas data based on the NASA Glenn coefficients"
4058	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
4059
4060	constant IdealGases.Common.DataRecord Air(
4061	name="Air",
4062	MM=0.0289651159,
4063	Hf=-4333.833858403446,
4064	H0=298609.6803431054,
4065	Tlimit=1000,
4066	alow={10099.5016,-196.827561,5.00915511,-0.00576101373,1.06685993e-005,-7.94029797e-009,
4067	2.18523191e-012},
4068	blow={-176.796731,-3.921504225},
4069	ahigh={241521.443,-1257.8746,5.14455867,-0.000213854179,7.06522784e-008,-1.07148349e-011,
4070	6.57780015e-016},
4071	bhigh={6462.26319,-8.147411905},
4072	R=287.0512249529787);
4073
4074	constant IdealGases.Common.DataRecord H2O(
4075	name="H2O",
4076	MM=0.01801528,
4077	Hf=-13423382.81725291,
4078	H0=549760.6476280135,
4079	Tlimit=1000,
4080	alow={-39479.6083,575.573102,0.931782653,0.00722271286,-7.34255737e-006,
4081	4.95504349e-009,-1.336933246e-012},
4082	blow={-33039.7431,17.24205775},
4083	ahigh={1034972.096,-2412.698562,4.64611078,0.002291998307,-6.836830479999999e-007,
4084	9.426468930000001e-011,-4.82238053e-015},
4085	bhigh={-13842.86509,-7.97814851},
4086	R=461.5233290850878);
4087
4088	constant IdealGases.Common.DataRecord N2(
4089	name="N2",
4090	MM=0.0280134,
4091	Hf=0,
4092	H0=309498.4543111511,
4093	Tlimit=1000,
4094	alow={22103.71497,-381.846182,6.08273836,-0.00853091441,1.384646189e-005,-9.62579362e-009,
4095	2.519705809e-012},
4096	blow={710.846086,-10.76003744},
4097	ahigh={587712.406,-2239.249073,6.06694922,-0.00061396855,1.491806679e-007,-1.923105485e-011,
4098	1.061954386e-015},
4099	bhigh={12832.10415,-15.86640027},
4100	R=296.8033869505308);
4101	annotation ( Documentation(info="<HTML>
4102	<p>This package contains ideal gas models for the 1241 ideal gases from</p>
4103	<blockquote>
4104	<p>McBride B.J., Zehe M.J., and Gordon S. (2002): <b>NASA Glenn Coefficients
4105	for Calculating Thermodynamic Properties of Individual Species</b>. NASA
4106	report TP-2002-211556</p>
4107	</blockquote>
4108
4109	<pre>
4110	Ag BaOH+ C2H4O_ethylen_o DF In2I4 Nb ScO2
4111	Ag+ Ba_OH_2 CH3CHO_ethanal DOCl In2I6 Nb+ Sc2O
4112	Ag- BaS CH3COOH DO2 In2O Nb- Sc2O2
4113	Air Ba2 OHCH2COOH DO2- K NbCl5 Si
4114	Al Be C2H5 D2 K+ NbO Si+
4115	Al+ Be+ C2H5Br D2+ K- NbOCl3 Si-
4116	Al- Be++ C2H6 D2- KAlF4 NbO2 SiBr
4117	AlBr BeBr CH3N2CH3 D2O KBO2 Ne SiBr2
4118	AlBr2 BeBr2 C2H5OH D2O2 KBr Ne+ SiBr3
4119	AlBr3 BeCl CH3OCH3 D2S KCN Ni SiBr4
4120	AlC BeCl2 CH3O2CH3 e- KCl Ni+ SiC
4121	AlC2 BeF CCN F KF Ni- SiC2
4122	AlCl BeF2 CNC F+ KH NiCl SiCl
4123	AlCl+ BeH OCCN F- KI NiCl2 SiCl2
4124	AlCl2 BeH+ C2N2 FCN Kli NiO SiCl3
4125	AlCl3 BeH2 C2O FCO KNO2 NiS SiCl4
4126	AlF BeI C3 FO KNO3 O SiF
4127	AlF+ BeI2 C3H3_1_propynl FO2_FOO KNa O+ SiFCl
4128	AlFCl BeN C3H3_2_propynl FO2_OFO KO O- SiF2
4129	AlFCl2 BeO C3H4_allene F2 KOH OD SiF3
4130	AlF2 BeOH C3H4_propyne F2O K2 OD- SiF4
4131	AlF2- BeOH+ C3H4_cyclo F2O2 K2+ OH SiH
4132	AlF2Cl Be_OH_2 C3H5_allyl FS2F K2Br2 OH+ SiH+
4133	AlF3 BeS C3H6_propylene Fe K2CO3 OH- SiHBr3
4134	AlF4- Be2 C3H6_cyclo Fe+ K2C2N2 O2 SiHCl
4135	AlH Be2Cl4 C3H6O_propylox Fe_CO_5 K2Cl2 O2+ SiHCl3
4136	AlHCl Be2F4 C3H6O_acetone FeCl K2F2 O2- SiHF
4137	AlHCl2 Be2O C3H6O_propanal FeCl2 K2I2 O3 SiHF3
4138	AlHF Be2OF2 C3H7_n_propyl FeCl3 K2O P SiHI3
4139	AlHFCl Be2O2 C3H7_i_propyl FeO K2O+ P+ SiH2
4140	AlHF2 Be3O3 C3H8 Fe_OH_2 K2O2 P- SiH2Br2
4141	AlH2 Be4O4 C3H8O_1propanol Fe2Cl4 K2O2H2 PCl SiH2Cl2
4142	AlH2Cl Br C3H8O_2propanol Fe2Cl6 K2SO4 PCl2 SiH2F2
4143	AlH2F Br+ CNCOCN Ga Kr PCl2- SiH2I2
4144	AlH3 Br- C3O2 Ga+ Kr+ PCl3 SiH3
4145	AlI BrCl C4 GaBr li PCl5 SiH3Br
4146	AlI2 BrF C4H2_butadiyne GaBr2 li+ PF SiH3Cl
4147	AlI3 BrF3 C4H4_1_3-cyclo GaBr3 li- PF+ SiH3F
4148	AlN BrF5 C4H6_butadiene GaCl liAlF4 PF- SiH3I
4149	AlO BrO C4H6_1butyne GaCl2 liBO2 PFCl SiH4
4150	AlO+ OBrO C4H6_2butyne GaCl3 liBr PFCl- SiI
4151	AlO- BrOO C4H6_cyclo GaF liCl PFCl2 SiI2
4152	AlOCl BrO3 C4H8_1_butene GaF2 liF PFCl4 SiN
4153	AlOCl2 Br2 C4H8_cis2_buten GaF3 liH PF2 SiO
4154	AlOF BrBrO C4H8_isobutene GaH liI PF2- SiO2
4155	AlOF2 BrOBr C4H8_cyclo GaI liN PF2Cl SiS
4156	AlOF2- C C4H9_n_butyl GaI2 liNO2 PF2Cl3 SiS2
4157	AlOH C+ C4H9_i_butyl GaI3 liNO3 PF3 Si2
4158	AlOHCl C- C4H9_s_butyl GaO liO PF3Cl2 Si2C
4159	AlOHCl2 CBr C4H9_t_butyl GaOH liOF PF4Cl Si2F6
4160	AlOHF CBr2 C4H10_n_butane Ga2Br2 liOH PF5 Si2N
4161	AlOHF2 CBr3 C4H10_isobutane Ga2Br4 liON PH Si3
4162	AlO2 CBr4 C4N2 Ga2Br6 li2 PH2 Sn
4163	AlO2- CCl C5 Ga2Cl2 li2+ PH2- Sn+
4164	Al_OH_2 CCl2 C5H6_1_3cyclo Ga2Cl4 li2Br2 PH3 Sn-
4165	Al_OH_2Cl CCl2Br2 C5H8_cyclo Ga2Cl6 li2F2 PN SnBr
4166	Al_OH_2F CCl3 C5H10_1_pentene Ga2F2 li2I2 PO SnBr2
4167	Al_OH_3 CCl3Br C5H10_cyclo Ga2F4 li2O PO- SnBr3
4168	AlS CCl4 C5H11_pentyl Ga2F6 li2O+ POCl3 SnBr4
4169	AlS2 CF C5H11_t_pentyl Ga2I2 li2O2 POFCl2 SnCl
4170	Al2 CF+ C5H12_n_pentane Ga2I4 li2O2H2 POF2Cl SnCl2
4171	Al2Br6 CFBr3 C5H12_i_pentane Ga2I6 li2SO4 POF3 SnCl3
4172	Al2C2 CFCl CH3C_CH3_2CH3 Ga2O li3+ PO2 SnCl4
4173	Al2Cl6 CFClBr2 C6D5_phenyl Ge li3Br3 PO2- SnF
4174	Al2F6 CFCl2 C6D6 Ge+ li3Cl3 PS SnF2
4175	Al2I6 CFCl2Br C6H2 Ge- li3F3 P2 SnF3
4176	Al2O CFCl3 C6H5_phenyl GeBr li3I3 P2O3 SnF4
4177	Al2O+ CF2 C6H5O_phenoxy GeBr2 Mg P2O4 SnI
4178	Al2O2 CF2+ C6H6 GeBr3 Mg+ P2O5 SnI2
4179	Al2O2+ CF2Br2 C6H5OH_phenol GeBr4 MgBr P3 SnI3
4180	Al2O3 CF2Cl C6H10_cyclo GeCl MgBr2 P3O6 SnI4
4181	Al2S CF2ClBr C6H12_1_hexene GeCl2 MgCl P4 SnO
4182	Al2S2 CF2Cl2 C6H12_cyclo GeCl3 MgCl+ P4O6 SnO2
4183	Ar CF3 C6H13_n_hexyl GeCl4 MgCl2 P4O7 SnS
4184	Ar+ CF3+ C6H14_n_hexane GeF MgF P4O8 SnS2
4185	B CF3Br C7H7_benzyl GeF2 MgF+ P4O9 Sn2
4186	B+ CF3Cl C7H8 GeF3 MgF2 P4O10 Sr
4187	B- CF4 C7H8O_cresol_mx GeF4 MgF2+ Pb Sr+
4188	BBr CH+ C7H14_1_heptene GeH4 MgH Pb+ SrBr
4189	BBr2 CHBr3 C7H15_n_heptyl GeI MgI Pb- SrBr2
4190	BBr3 CHCl C7H16_n_heptane GeO MgI2 PbBr SrCl
4191	BC CHClBr2 C7H16_2_methylh GeO2 MgN PbBr2 SrCl+
4192	BC2 CHCl2 C8H8_styrene GeS MgO PbBr3 SrCl2
4193	BCl CHCl2Br C8H10_ethylbenz GeS2 MgOH PbBr4 SrF
4194	BCl+ CHCl3 C8H16_1_octene Ge2 MgOH+ PbCl SrF+
4195	BClOH CHF C8H17_n_octyl H Mg_OH_2 PbCl2 SrF2
4196	BCl_OH_2 CHFBr2 C8H18_n_octane H+ MgS PbCl3 SrH
4197	BCl2 CHFCl C8H18_isooctane H- Mg2 PbCl4 SrI
4198	BCl2+ CHFClBr C9H19_n_nonyl HAlO Mg2F4 PbF SrI2
4199	BCl2OH CHFCl2 C10H8_naphthale HAlO2 Mn PbF2 SrO
4200	BF CHF2 C10H21_n_decyl HBO Mn+ PbF3 SrOH
4201	BFCl CHF2Br C12H9_o_bipheny HBO+ Mo PbF4 SrOH+
4202	BFCl2 CHF2Cl C12H10_biphenyl HBO2 Mo+ PbI Sr_OH_2
4203	BFOH CHF3 Ca HBS Mo- PbI2 SrS
4204	BF_OH_2 CHI3 Ca+ HBS+ MoO PbI3 Sr2
4205	BF2 CH2 CaBr HCN MoO2 PbI4 Ta
4206	BF2+ CH2Br2 CaBr2 HCO MoO3 PbO Ta+
4207	BF2- CH2Cl CaCl HCO+ MoO3- PbO2 Ta-
4208	BF2Cl CH2ClBr CaCl+ HCCN Mo2O6 PbS TaCl5
4209	BF2OH CH2Cl2 CaCl2 HCCO Mo3O9 PbS2 TaO
4210	BF3 CH2F CaF HCl Mo4O12 Rb TaO2
4211	BF4- CH2FBr CaF+ HD Mo5O15 Rb+ Ti
4212	BH CH2FCl CaF2 HD+ N Rb- Ti+
4213	BHCl CH2F2 CaH HDO N+ RbBO2 Ti-
4214	BHCl2 CH2I2 CaI HDO2 N- RbBr TiCl
4215	BHF CH3 CaI2 HF NCO RbCl TiCl2
4216	BHFCl CH3Br CaO HI ND RbF TiCl3
4217	BHF2 CH3Cl CaO+ HNC ND2 RbH TiCl4
4218	BH2 CH3F CaOH HNCO ND3 RbI TiO
4219	BH2Cl CH3I CaOH+ HNO NF RbK TiO+
4220	BH2F CH2OH Ca_OH_2 HNO2 NF2 Rbli TiOCl
4221	BH3 CH2OH+ CaS HNO3 NF3 RbNO2 TiOCl2
4222	BH3NH3 CH3O Ca2 HOCl NH RbNO3 TiO2
4223	BH4 CH4 Cd HOF NH+ RbNa U
4224	BI CH3OH Cd+ HO2 NHF RbO UF
4225	BI2 CH3OOH Cl HO2- NHF2 RbOH UF+
4226	BI3 CI Cl+ HPO NH2 Rb2Br2 UF-
4227	BN CI2 Cl- HSO3F NH2F Rb2Cl2 UF2
4228	BO CI3 ClCN H2 NH3 Rb2F2 UF2+
4229	BO- CI4 ClF H2+ NH2OH Rb2I2 UF2-
4230	BOCl CN ClF3 H2- NH4+ Rb2O UF3
4231	BOCl2 CN+ ClF5 HBOH NO Rb2O2 UF3+
4232	BOF CN- ClO HCOOH NOCl Rb2O2H2 UF3-
4233	BOF2 CNN ClO2 H2F2 NOF Rb2SO4 UF4
4234	BOH CO Cl2 H2O NOF3 Rn UF4+
4235	BO2 CO+ Cl2O H2O+ NO2 Rn+ UF4-
4236	BO2- COCl Co H2O2 NO2- S UF5
4237	B_OH_2 COCl2 Co+ H2S NO2Cl S+ UF5+
4238	BS COFCl Co- H2SO4 NO2F S- UF5-
4239	BS2 COF2 Cr H2BOH NO3 SCl UF6
4240	B2 COHCl Cr+ HB_OH_2 NO3- SCl2 UF6-
4241	B2C COHF Cr- H3BO3 NO3F SCl2+ UO
4242	B2Cl4 COS CrN H3B3O3 N2 SD UO+
4243	B2F4 CO2 CrO H3B3O6 N2+ SF UOF
4244	B2H CO2+ CrO2 H3F3 N2- SF+ UOF2
4245	B2H2 COOH CrO3 H3O+ NCN SF- UOF3
4246	B2H3 CP CrO3- H4F4 N2D2_cis SF2 UOF4
4247	B2H3_db CS Cs H5F5 N2F2 SF2+ UO2
4248	B2H4 CS2 Cs+ H6F6 N2F4 SF2- UO2+
4249	B2H4_db C2 Cs- H7F7 N2H2 SF3 UO2-
4250	B2H5 C2+ CsBO2 He NH2NO2 SF3+ UO2F
4251	B2H5_db C2- CsBr He+ N2H4 SF3- UO2F2
4252	B2H6 C2Cl CsCl Hg N2O SF4 UO3
4253	B2O C2Cl2 CsF Hg+ N2O+ SF4+ UO3-
4254	B2O2 C2Cl3 CsH HgBr2 N2O3 SF4- V
4255	B2O3 C2Cl4 CsI I N2O4 SF5 V+
4256	B2_OH_4 C2Cl6 Csli I+ N2O5 SF5+ V-
4257	B2S C2F CsNO2 I- N3 SF5- VCl4
4258	B2S2 C2FCl CsNO3 IF5 N3H SF6 VN
4259	B2S3 C2FCl3 CsNa IF7 Na SF6- VO
4260	B3H7_C2v C2F2 CsO I2 Na+ SH VO2
4261	B3H7_Cs C2F2Cl2 CsOH In Na- SH- V4O10
4262	B3H9 C2F3 CsRb In+ NaAlF4 SN W
4263	B3N3H6 C2F3Cl Cs2 InBr NaBO2 SO W+
4264	B3O3Cl3 C2F4 Cs2Br2 InBr2 NaBr SO- W-
4265	B3O3FCl2 C2F6 Cs2CO3 InBr3 NaCN SOF2 WCl6
4266	B3O3F2Cl C2H Cs2Cl2 InCl NaCl SO2 WO
4267	B3O3F3 C2HCl Cs2F2 InCl2 NaF SO2- WOCl4
4268	B4H4 C2HCl3 Cs2I2 InCl3 NaH SO2Cl2 WO2
4269	B4H10 C2HF Cs2O InF NaI SO2FCl WO2Cl2
4270	B4H12 C2HFCl2 Cs2O+ InF2 Nali SO2F2 WO3
4271	B5H9 C2HF2Cl Cs2O2 InF3 NaNO2 SO3 WO3-
4272	Ba C2HF3 Cs2O2H2 InH NaNO3 S2 Xe
4273	Ba+ C2H2_vinylidene Cs2SO4 InI NaO S2- Xe+
4274	BaBr C2H2Cl2 Cu InI2 NaOH S2Cl2 Zn
4275	BaBr2 C2H2FCl Cu+ InI3 NaOH+ S2F2 Zn+
4276	BaCl C2H2F2 Cu- InO Na2 S2O Zr
4277	BaCl+ CH2CO_ketene CuCl InOH Na2Br2 S3 Zr+
4278	BaCl2 O_CH_2O CuF In2Br2 Na2Cl2 S4 Zr-
4279	BaF HO_CO_2OH CuF2 In2Br4 Na2F2 S5 ZrN
4280	BaF+ C2H3_vinyl CuO In2Br6 Na2I2 S6 ZrO
4281	BaF2 CH2Br-COOH Cu2 In2Cl2 Na2O S7 ZrO+
4282	BaH C2H3Cl Cu3Cl3 In2Cl4 Na2O+ S8 ZrO2
4283	BaI CH2Cl-COOH D In2Cl6 Na2O2 Sc
4284	BaI2 C2H3F D+ In2F2 Na2O2H2 Sc+
4285	BaO CH3CN D- In2F4 Na2SO4 Sc-
4286	BaO+ CH3CO_acetyl DBr In2F6 Na3Cl3 ScO
4287	BaOH C2H4 DCl In2I2 Na3F3 ScO+
4288	</pre>
4289
4290	</HTML>"));
4291	end SingleGasesData;
4292	annotation (Documentation(info="<html>
4293
4294	</html>"));
4295	end Common;
4296	annotation (
4297	__Dymola_classOrder={"Common", "SingleGases", "MixtureGases"},
4298	Documentation(info="<HTML>
4299	<p>This package contains data for the 1241 ideal gases from</p>
4300	<blockquote>
4301	<p>McBride B.J., Zehe M.J., and Gordon S. (2002): <b>NASA Glenn Coefficients
4302	for Calculating Thermodynamic Properties of Individual Species</b>. NASA
4303	report TP-2002-211556</p>
4304	</blockquote>
4305	<p>Medium models for some of these gases are available in package
4306	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.IdealGases.SingleGases\">IdealGases.SingleGases</a>
4307	and some examples for mixtures are available in package <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.IdealGases.MixtureGases\">IdealGases.MixtureGases</a>
4308	</p>
4309	<h4>Using and Adapting Medium Models</h4>
4310	<p>
4311	The data records allow computing the ideal gas specific enthalpy, specific entropy and heat capacity of the substances listed below. From them, even the Gibbs energy and equilibrium constants for reactions can be computed. Critical data that is needed for computing the viscosity and thermal conductivity is not included. In order to add mixtures or single substance medium packages that are
4312	subtypes of
4313	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.Interfaces.PartialMedium\">Interfaces.PartialMedium</a>
4314	(i.e., can be utilized at all places where PartialMedium is defined),
4315	a few additional steps have to be performed:
4316	<ol>
4317	<li>
4318	All single gas media need to define a constant instance of record
4319	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.SingleGasNasa.FluidConstants\">IdealGases.Common.SingleGasNasa.FluidConstants</a>.
4320	For 37 ideal gases such records are provided in package
4321	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.FluidData\">IdealGases.Common.FluidData</a>.
4322	For the other gases, such a record instance has to be provided by the user, e.g., by getting
4323	the data from a commercial or public data base. A public source of the needed data is for example the <a href=\"http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/\"> NIST Chemistry WebBook</a></li>
4324
4325	<li>When the data is available, and a user has an instance of a
4326	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.IdealGases.Common.SingleGasNasa.FluidConstants\">FluidConstants</a> record filled with data, a medium package has to be written. Note that only the dipole moment, the accentric factor and critical data are necessary for the viscosity and thermal conductivity functions.</li>
4327	<ul>
4328	<li>For single components, a new package following the pattern in
4329	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.IdealGases.SingleGases\">IdealGases.SingleGases</a> has to be created, pointing both to a data record for cp and to a user-defined fluidContants record.</li>
4330	<li>For mixtures of several components, a new package following the pattern in
4331	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.IdealGases.MixtureGases\">IdealGases.MixtureGases</a> has to be created, building an array of data records for cp and an array of (partly) user-defined fluidContants records.</li>
4332	</ul>
4333	</ol>
4334	<p>Note that many properties can computed for the full set of 1241 gases listed below, but due to the missing viscosity and thermal conductivity functions, no fully Modelica.Media-compliant media can be defined.</p>
4335	</p>
4336	<p>
4337	Data records for heat capacity, specific enthalpy and specific entropy exist for the following substances and ions:
4338	</p>
4339	<pre>
4340	Ag BaOH+ C2H4O_ethylen_o DF In2I4 Nb ScO2
4341	Ag+ Ba_OH_2 CH3CHO_ethanal DOCl In2I6 Nb+ Sc2O
4342	Ag- BaS CH3COOH DO2 In2O Nb- Sc2O2
4343	Air Ba2 OHCH2COOH DO2- K NbCl5 Si
4344	Al Be C2H5 D2 K+ NbO Si+
4345	Al+ Be+ C2H5Br D2+ K- NbOCl3 Si-
4346	Al- Be++ C2H6 D2- KAlF4 NbO2 SiBr
4347	AlBr BeBr CH3N2CH3 D2O KBO2 Ne SiBr2
4348	AlBr2 BeBr2 C2H5OH D2O2 KBr Ne+ SiBr3
4349	AlBr3 BeCl CH3OCH3 D2S KCN Ni SiBr4
4350	AlC BeCl2 CH3O2CH3 e- KCl Ni+ SiC
4351	AlC2 BeF CCN F KF Ni- SiC2
4352	AlCl BeF2 CNC F+ KH NiCl SiCl
4353	AlCl+ BeH OCCN F- KI NiCl2 SiCl2
4354	AlCl2 BeH+ C2N2 FCN Kli NiO SiCl3
4355	AlCl3 BeH2 C2O FCO KNO2 NiS SiCl4
4356	AlF BeI C3 FO KNO3 O SiF
4357	AlF+ BeI2 C3H3_1_propynl FO2_FOO KNa O+ SiFCl
4358	AlFCl BeN C3H3_2_propynl FO2_OFO KO O- SiF2
4359	AlFCl2 BeO C3H4_allene F2 KOH OD SiF3
4360	AlF2 BeOH C3H4_propyne F2O K2 OD- SiF4
4361	AlF2- BeOH+ C3H4_cyclo F2O2 K2+ OH SiH
4362	AlF2Cl Be_OH_2 C3H5_allyl FS2F K2Br2 OH+ SiH+
4363	AlF3 BeS C3H6_propylene Fe K2CO3 OH- SiHBr3
4364	AlF4- Be2 C3H6_cyclo Fe+ K2C2N2 O2 SiHCl
4365	AlH Be2Cl4 C3H6O_propylox Fe_CO_5 K2Cl2 O2+ SiHCl3
4366	AlHCl Be2F4 C3H6O_acetone FeCl K2F2 O2- SiHF
4367	AlHCl2 Be2O C3H6O_propanal FeCl2 K2I2 O3 SiHF3
4368	AlHF Be2OF2 C3H7_n_propyl FeCl3 K2O P SiHI3
4369	AlHFCl Be2O2 C3H7_i_propyl FeO K2O+ P+ SiH2
4370	AlHF2 Be3O3 C3H8 Fe_OH_2 K2O2 P- SiH2Br2
4371	AlH2 Be4O4 C3H8O_1propanol Fe2Cl4 K2O2H2 PCl SiH2Cl2
4372	AlH2Cl Br C3H8O_2propanol Fe2Cl6 K2SO4 PCl2 SiH2F2
4373	AlH2F Br+ CNCOCN Ga Kr PCl2- SiH2I2
4374	AlH3 Br- C3O2 Ga+ Kr+ PCl3 SiH3
4375	AlI BrCl C4 GaBr li PCl5 SiH3Br
4376	AlI2 BrF C4H2_butadiyne GaBr2 li+ PF SiH3Cl
4377	AlI3 BrF3 C4H4_1_3-cyclo GaBr3 li- PF+ SiH3F
4378	AlN BrF5 C4H6_butadiene GaCl liAlF4 PF- SiH3I
4379	AlO BrO C4H6_1butyne GaCl2 liBO2 PFCl SiH4
4380	AlO+ OBrO C4H6_2butyne GaCl3 liBr PFCl- SiI
4381	AlO- BrOO C4H6_cyclo GaF liCl PFCl2 SiI2
4382	AlOCl BrO3 C4H8_1_butene GaF2 liF PFCl4 SiN
4383	AlOCl2 Br2 C4H8_cis2_buten GaF3 liH PF2 SiO
4384	AlOF BrBrO C4H8_isobutene GaH liI PF2- SiO2
4385	AlOF2 BrOBr C4H8_cyclo GaI liN PF2Cl SiS
4386	AlOF2- C C4H9_n_butyl GaI2 liNO2 PF2Cl3 SiS2
4387	AlOH C+ C4H9_i_butyl GaI3 liNO3 PF3 Si2
4388	AlOHCl C- C4H9_s_butyl GaO liO PF3Cl2 Si2C
4389	AlOHCl2 CBr C4H9_t_butyl GaOH liOF PF4Cl Si2F6
4390	AlOHF CBr2 C4H10_n_butane Ga2Br2 liOH PF5 Si2N
4391	AlOHF2 CBr3 C4H10_isobutane Ga2Br4 liON PH Si3
4392	AlO2 CBr4 C4N2 Ga2Br6 li2 PH2 Sn
4393	AlO2- CCl C5 Ga2Cl2 li2+ PH2- Sn+
4394	Al_OH_2 CCl2 C5H6_1_3cyclo Ga2Cl4 li2Br2 PH3 Sn-
4395	Al_OH_2Cl CCl2Br2 C5H8_cyclo Ga2Cl6 li2F2 PN SnBr
4396	Al_OH_2F CCl3 C5H10_1_pentene Ga2F2 li2I2 PO SnBr2
4397	Al_OH_3 CCl3Br C5H10_cyclo Ga2F4 li2O PO- SnBr3
4398	AlS CCl4 C5H11_pentyl Ga2F6 li2O+ POCl3 SnBr4
4399	AlS2 CF C5H11_t_pentyl Ga2I2 li2O2 POFCl2 SnCl
4400	Al2 CF+ C5H12_n_pentane Ga2I4 li2O2H2 POF2Cl SnCl2
4401	Al2Br6 CFBr3 C5H12_i_pentane Ga2I6 li2SO4 POF3 SnCl3
4402	Al2C2 CFCl CH3C_CH3_2CH3 Ga2O li3+ PO2 SnCl4
4403	Al2Cl6 CFClBr2 C6D5_phenyl Ge li3Br3 PO2- SnF
4404	Al2F6 CFCl2 C6D6 Ge+ li3Cl3 PS SnF2
4405	Al2I6 CFCl2Br C6H2 Ge- li3F3 P2 SnF3
4406	Al2O CFCl3 C6H5_phenyl GeBr li3I3 P2O3 SnF4
4407	Al2O+ CF2 C6H5O_phenoxy GeBr2 Mg P2O4 SnI
4408	Al2O2 CF2+ C6H6 GeBr3 Mg+ P2O5 SnI2
4409	Al2O2+ CF2Br2 C6H5OH_phenol GeBr4 MgBr P3 SnI3
4410	Al2O3 CF2Cl C6H10_cyclo GeCl MgBr2 P3O6 SnI4
4411	Al2S CF2ClBr C6H12_1_hexene GeCl2 MgCl P4 SnO
4412	Al2S2 CF2Cl2 C6H12_cyclo GeCl3 MgCl+ P4O6 SnO2
4413	Ar CF3 C6H13_n_hexyl GeCl4 MgCl2 P4O7 SnS
4414	Ar+ CF3+ C6H14_n_hexane GeF MgF P4O8 SnS2
4415	B CF3Br C7H7_benzyl GeF2 MgF+ P4O9 Sn2
4416	B+ CF3Cl C7H8 GeF3 MgF2 P4O10 Sr
4417	B- CF4 C7H8O_cresol_mx GeF4 MgF2+ Pb Sr+
4418	BBr CH+ C7H14_1_heptene GeH4 MgH Pb+ SrBr
4419	BBr2 CHBr3 C7H15_n_heptyl GeI MgI Pb- SrBr2
4420	BBr3 CHCl C7H16_n_heptane GeO MgI2 PbBr SrCl
4421	BC CHClBr2 C7H16_2_methylh GeO2 MgN PbBr2 SrCl+
4422	BC2 CHCl2 C8H8_styrene GeS MgO PbBr3 SrCl2
4423	BCl CHCl2Br C8H10_ethylbenz GeS2 MgOH PbBr4 SrF
4424	BCl+ CHCl3 C8H16_1_octene Ge2 MgOH+ PbCl SrF+
4425	BClOH CHF C8H17_n_octyl H Mg_OH_2 PbCl2 SrF2
4426	BCl_OH_2 CHFBr2 C8H18_n_octane H+ MgS PbCl3 SrH
4427	BCl2 CHFCl C8H18_isooctane H- Mg2 PbCl4 SrI
4428	BCl2+ CHFClBr C9H19_n_nonyl HAlO Mg2F4 PbF SrI2
4429	BCl2OH CHFCl2 C10H8_naphthale HAlO2 Mn PbF2 SrO
4430	BF CHF2 C10H21_n_decyl HBO Mn+ PbF3 SrOH
4431	BFCl CHF2Br C12H9_o_bipheny HBO+ Mo PbF4 SrOH+
4432	BFCl2 CHF2Cl C12H10_biphenyl HBO2 Mo+ PbI Sr_OH_2
4433	BFOH CHF3 Ca HBS Mo- PbI2 SrS
4434	BF_OH_2 CHI3 Ca+ HBS+ MoO PbI3 Sr2
4435	BF2 CH2 CaBr HCN MoO2 PbI4 Ta
4436	BF2+ CH2Br2 CaBr2 HCO MoO3 PbO Ta+
4437	BF2- CH2Cl CaCl HCO+ MoO3- PbO2 Ta-
4438	BF2Cl CH2ClBr CaCl+ HCCN Mo2O6 PbS TaCl5
4439	BF2OH CH2Cl2 CaCl2 HCCO Mo3O9 PbS2 TaO
4440	BF3 CH2F CaF HCl Mo4O12 Rb TaO2
4441	BF4- CH2FBr CaF+ HD Mo5O15 Rb+ Ti
4442	BH CH2FCl CaF2 HD+ N Rb- Ti+
4443	BHCl CH2F2 CaH HDO N+ RbBO2 Ti-
4444	BHCl2 CH2I2 CaI HDO2 N- RbBr TiCl
4445	BHF CH3 CaI2 HF NCO RbCl TiCl2
4446	BHFCl CH3Br CaO HI ND RbF TiCl3
4447	BHF2 CH3Cl CaO+ HNC ND2 RbH TiCl4
4448	BH2 CH3F CaOH HNCO ND3 RbI TiO
4449	BH2Cl CH3I CaOH+ HNO NF RbK TiO+
4450	BH2F CH2OH Ca_OH_2 HNO2 NF2 Rbli TiOCl
4451	BH3 CH2OH+ CaS HNO3 NF3 RbNO2 TiOCl2
4452	BH3NH3 CH3O Ca2 HOCl NH RbNO3 TiO2
4453	BH4 CH4 Cd HOF NH+ RbNa U
4454	BI CH3OH Cd+ HO2 NHF RbO UF
4455	BI2 CH3OOH Cl HO2- NHF2 RbOH UF+
4456	BI3 CI Cl+ HPO NH2 Rb2Br2 UF-
4457	BN CI2 Cl- HSO3F NH2F Rb2Cl2 UF2
4458	BO CI3 ClCN H2 NH3 Rb2F2 UF2+
4459	BO- CI4 ClF H2+ NH2OH Rb2I2 UF2-
4460	BOCl CN ClF3 H2- NH4+ Rb2O UF3
4461	BOCl2 CN+ ClF5 HBOH NO Rb2O2 UF3+
4462	BOF CN- ClO HCOOH NOCl Rb2O2H2 UF3-
4463	BOF2 CNN ClO2 H2F2 NOF Rb2SO4 UF4
4464	BOH CO Cl2 H2O NOF3 Rn UF4+
4465	BO2 CO+ Cl2O H2O+ NO2 Rn+ UF4-
4466	BO2- COCl Co H2O2 NO2- S UF5
4467	B_OH_2 COCl2 Co+ H2S NO2Cl S+ UF5+
4468	BS COFCl Co- H2SO4 NO2F S- UF5-
4469	BS2 COF2 Cr H2BOH NO3 SCl UF6
4470	B2 COHCl Cr+ HB_OH_2 NO3- SCl2 UF6-
4471	B2C COHF Cr- H3BO3 NO3F SCl2+ UO
4472	B2Cl4 COS CrN H3B3O3 N2 SD UO+
4473	B2F4 CO2 CrO H3B3O6 N2+ SF UOF
4474	B2H CO2+ CrO2 H3F3 N2- SF+ UOF2
4475	B2H2 COOH CrO3 H3O+ NCN SF- UOF3
4476	B2H3 CP CrO3- H4F4 N2D2_cis SF2 UOF4
4477	B2H3_db CS Cs H5F5 N2F2 SF2+ UO2
4478	B2H4 CS2 Cs+ H6F6 N2F4 SF2- UO2+
4479	B2H4_db C2 Cs- H7F7 N2H2 SF3 UO2-
4480	B2H5 C2+ CsBO2 He NH2NO2 SF3+ UO2F
4481	B2H5_db C2- CsBr He+ N2H4 SF3- UO2F2
4482	B2H6 C2Cl CsCl Hg N2O SF4 UO3
4483	B2O C2Cl2 CsF Hg+ N2O+ SF4+ UO3-
4484	B2O2 C2Cl3 CsH HgBr2 N2O3 SF4- V
4485	B2O3 C2Cl4 CsI I N2O4 SF5 V+
4486	B2_OH_4 C2Cl6 Csli I+ N2O5 SF5+ V-
4487	B2S C2F CsNO2 I- N3 SF5- VCl4
4488	B2S2 C2FCl CsNO3 IF5 N3H SF6 VN
4489	B2S3 C2FCl3 CsNa IF7 Na SF6- VO
4490	B3H7_C2v C2F2 CsO I2 Na+ SH VO2
4491	B3H7_Cs C2F2Cl2 CsOH In Na- SH- V4O10
4492	B3H9 C2F3 CsRb In+ NaAlF4 SN W
4493	B3N3H6 C2F3Cl Cs2 InBr NaBO2 SO W+
4494	B3O3Cl3 C2F4 Cs2Br2 InBr2 NaBr SO- W-
4495	B3O3FCl2 C2F6 Cs2CO3 InBr3 NaCN SOF2 WCl6
4496	B3O3F2Cl C2H Cs2Cl2 InCl NaCl SO2 WO
4497	B3O3F3 C2HCl Cs2F2 InCl2 NaF SO2- WOCl4
4498	B4H4 C2HCl3 Cs2I2 InCl3 NaH SO2Cl2 WO2
4499	B4H10 C2HF Cs2O InF NaI SO2FCl WO2Cl2
4500	B4H12 C2HFCl2 Cs2O+ InF2 Nali SO2F2 WO3
4501	B5H9 C2HF2Cl Cs2O2 InF3 NaNO2 SO3 WO3-
4502	Ba C2HF3 Cs2O2H2 InH NaNO3 S2 Xe
4503	Ba+ C2H2_vinylidene Cs2SO4 InI NaO S2- Xe+
4504	BaBr C2H2Cl2 Cu InI2 NaOH S2Cl2 Zn
4505	BaBr2 C2H2FCl Cu+ InI3 NaOH+ S2F2 Zn+
4506	BaCl C2H2F2 Cu- InO Na2 S2O Zr
4507	BaCl+ CH2CO_ketene CuCl InOH Na2Br2 S3 Zr+
4508	BaCl2 O_CH_2O CuF In2Br2 Na2Cl2 S4 Zr-
4509	BaF HO_CO_2OH CuF2 In2Br4 Na2F2 S5 ZrN
4510	BaF+ C2H3_vinyl CuO In2Br6 Na2I2 S6 ZrO
4511	BaF2 CH2Br-COOH Cu2 In2Cl2 Na2O S7 ZrO+
4512	BaH C2H3Cl Cu3Cl3 In2Cl4 Na2O+ S8 ZrO2
4513	BaI CH2Cl-COOH D In2Cl6 Na2O2 Sc
4514	BaI2 C2H3F D+ In2F2 Na2O2H2 Sc+
4515	BaO CH3CN D- In2F4 Na2SO4 Sc-
4516	BaO+ CH3CO_acetyl DBr In2F6 Na3Cl3 ScO
4517	BaOH C2H4 DCl In2I2 Na3F3 ScO+
4518	</pre></HTML>"));
4519	end IdealGases;
4520
4521	package Incompressible
4522	"Medium model for T-dependent properties, defined by tables or polynomials"
4523	extends Modelica.Icons.MaterialPropertiesPackage;
4524	import SI = Modelica.SIunits;
4525	import Cv = Modelica.SIunits.Conversions;
4526	import Modelica.Constants;
4527	import Modelica.Math;
4528
4529	package Common "Common data structures"
4530	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
4531
4532	record BaseProps_Tpoly "Fluid state record"
4533	extends Modelica.Icons.Record;
4534	SI.Temperature T "temperature";
4535	SI.Pressure p "pressure";
4536	// SI.Density d "density";
4537	end BaseProps_Tpoly;
4538	end Common;
4539
4540	package TableBased "Incompressible medium properties based on tables"
4541	import Poly = Modelica.Media.Incompressible.TableBased.Polynomials_Temp;
4542	extends Modelica.Media.Interfaces.PartialMedium(
4543	ThermoStates = if enthalpyOfT then Choices.IndependentVariables.T else Choices.IndependentVariables.pT,
4544	final reducedX=true,
4545	final fixedX = true,
4546	mediumName="tableMedium",
4547	redeclare record ThermodynamicState=Common.BaseProps_Tpoly,
4548	singleState=true);
4549
4550	constant Boolean enthalpyOfT=true
4551	"true if enthalpy is approximated as a function of T only, (p-dependence neglected)";
4552
4553	constant Boolean densityOfT = size(tableDensity,1) > 1
4554	"true if density is a function of temperature";
4555
4556	constant Temperature T_min "Minimum temperature valid for medium model";
4557
4558	constant Temperature T_max "Maximum temperature valid for medium model";
4559
4560	constant Temperature T0=273.15 "reference Temperature";
4561
4562	constant SpecificEnthalpy h0=0 "reference enthalpy at T0, reference_p";
4563
4564	constant SpecificEntropy s0=0 "reference entropy at T0, reference_p";
4565
4566	constant MolarMass MM_const=0.1 "Molar mass";
4567
4568	constant Integer npol=2 "degree of polynomial used for fitting";
4569
4570	constant Integer neta=size(tableViscosity,1)
4571	"number of data points for viscosity";
4572
4573	constant Real[:,2] tableDensity "Table for rho(T)";
4574
4575	constant Real[:,2] tableHeatCapacity "Table for Cp(T)";
4576
4577	constant Real[:,2] tableViscosity "Table for eta(T)";
4578
4579	constant Real[:,2] tableConductivity "Table for lambda(T)";
4580
4581	constant Boolean TinK "true if T[K],Kelvin used for table temperatures";
4582
4583	constant Boolean hasDensity = not (size(tableDensity,1)==0)
4584	"true if table tableDensity is present";
4585
4586	constant Boolean hasHeatCapacity = not (size(tableHeatCapacity,1)==0)
4587	"true if table tableHeatCapacity is present";
4588
4589	constant Boolean hasViscosity = not (size(tableViscosity,1)==0)
4590	"true if table tableViscosity is present";
4591
4592	final constant Real invTK[neta] = if size(tableViscosity,1) > 0 then
4593	invertTemp(tableViscosity[:,1],TinK) else fill(0,0);
4594
4595	final constant Real poly_rho[:] = if hasDensity then
4596	Poly.fitting(tableDensity[:,1],tableDensity[:,2],npol) else
4597	zeros(npol+1) annotation(__Dymola_keepConstant = true);
4598
4599	final constant Real poly_Cp[:] = if hasHeatCapacity then
4600	Poly.fitting(tableHeatCapacity[:,1],tableHeatCapacity[:,2],npol) else
4601	zeros(npol+1) annotation(__Dymola_keepConstant = true);
4602
4603	final constant Real poly_eta[:] = if hasViscosity then
4604	Poly.fitting(invTK, Math.log(tableViscosity[:,2]),npol) else
4605	zeros(npol+1) annotation(__Dymola_keepConstant = true);
4606
4607	final constant Real poly_lam[:] = if size(tableConductivity,1)>0 then
4608	Poly.fitting(tableConductivity[:,1],tableConductivity[:,2],npol) else
4609	zeros(npol+1) annotation(__Dymola_keepConstant = true);
4610
4611	function invertTemp "function to invert temperatures"
4612	input Real[:] table "table temperature data";
4613	input Boolean Tink "flag for Celsius or Kelvin";
4614	output Real invTable[size(table,1)] "inverted temperatures";
4615	algorithm
4616	for i in 1:size(table,1) loop
4617	invTable[i] := if TinK then 1/table[i] else 1/Cv.from_degC(table[i]);
4618	end for;
4619	end invertTemp;
4620
4621	redeclare model extends BaseProperties(
4622	final standardOrderComponents=true,
4623	p_bar=Cv.to_bar(p),
4624	T_degC(start = T_start-273.15)=Cv.to_degC(T),
4625	T(start = T_start,
4626	stateSelect=if preferredMediumStates then StateSelect.prefer else StateSelect.default))
4627	"Base properties of T dependent medium"
4628	// redeclare parameter SpecificHeatCapacity R=Modelica.Constants.R,
4629
4630	SI.SpecificHeatCapacity cp "specific heat capacity";
4631	parameter SI.Temperature T_start = 298.15 "initial temperature";
4632	equation
4633	assert(hasDensity,"Medium " + mediumName +
4634	" can not be used without assigning tableDensity.");
4635	assert(T >= T_min and T <= T_max, "Temperature T (= " + String(T) +
4636	" K) is not in the allowed range (" + String(T_min) +
4637	" K <= T <= " + String(T_max) + " K) required from medium model \""
4638	+ mediumName + "\".");
4639	R = Modelica.Constants.R;
4640	cp = Poly.evaluate(poly_Cp,if TinK then T else T_degC);
4641	h = if enthalpyOfT then h_T(T) else h_pT(p,T,densityOfT);
4642	if singleState then
4643	u = h_T(T) - reference_p/d;
4644	else
4645	u = h - p/d;
4646	end if;
4647	d = Poly.evaluate(poly_rho,if TinK then T else T_degC);
4648	state.T = T;
4649	state.p = p;
4650	MM = MM_const;
4651	annotation(Documentation(info="<html>
4652	<p>
4653	Note that the inner energy neglects the pressure dependence, which is only
4654	true for an incompressible medium with d = constant. The neglected term is
4655	p-reference_p)/rho(T/rho)(partial rho /partial T). This is very small for
4656	liquids due to proportionality to 1/d^2, but can be problematic for gases that are
4657	modeled incompressible.
4658	</p>
4659	<p>It should be noted that incompressible media only have 1 state per control volume (usually T),
4660	but have both T and p as inputs for fully correct properties. The error of using only T-dependent
4661	properties is small, therefore a Boolean flag enthalpyOfT exists. If it is true, the
4662	enumeration Choices.independentVariables is set to Choices.independentVariables.T otherwise
4663	it is set to Choices.independentVariables.pT.</p>
4664	<p>
4665	Enthalpy is never a function of T only (h = h(T) + (p-reference_p)/d), but the
4666	error is also small and non-linear systems can be avoided. In particular,
4667	non-linear systems are small and local as opposed to large and over all volumes.
4668	</p>
4669
4670	<p>
4671	Entropy is calculated as
4672	</p>
4673	<pre>
4674	s = s0 + integral(Cp(T)/T,dt)
4675	</pre>
4676	<p>
4677	which is only exactly true for a fluid with constant density d=d0.
4678	</p>
4679	</html>
4680	"));
4681	end BaseProperties;
4682
4683	redeclare function extends setState_pTX
4684	"Returns state record, given pressure and temperature"
4685	algorithm
4686	state := ThermodynamicState(p=p,T=T);
4687	end setState_pTX;
4688
4689	redeclare function extends setState_dTX
4690	"Returns state record, given pressure and temperature"
4691	algorithm
4692	assert(false, "for incompressible media with d(T) only, state can not be set from density and temperature");
4693	end setState_dTX;
4694
4695	redeclare function extends setState_phX
4696	"Returns state record, given pressure and specific enthalpy"
4697	algorithm
4698	state :=ThermodynamicState(p=p,T=T_ph(p,h));
4699	end setState_phX;
4700
4701	redeclare function extends setState_psX
4702	"Returns state record, given pressure and specific entropy"
4703	algorithm
4704	state :=ThermodynamicState(p=p,T=T_ps(p,s));
4705	end setState_psX;
4706
4707	redeclare function extends setSmoothState
4708	"Return thermodynamic state so that it smoothly approximates: if x > 0 then state_a else state_b"
4709	algorithm
4710	state :=ThermodynamicState(p=Media.Common.smoothStep(x, state_a.p, state_b.p, x_small),
4711	T=Media.Common.smoothStep(x, state_a.T, state_b.T, x_small));
4712	end setSmoothState;
4713
4714	redeclare function extends specificHeatCapacityCv
4715	"Specific heat capacity at constant volume (or pressure) of medium"
4716
4717	algorithm
4718	assert(hasHeatCapacity,"Specific Heat Capacity, Cv, is not defined for medium "
4719	+ mediumName + ".");
4720	cv := Poly.evaluate(poly_Cp,if TinK then state.T else state.T - 273.15);
4721	annotation(smoothOrder=2);
4722	end specificHeatCapacityCv;
4723
4724	redeclare function extends specificHeatCapacityCp
4725	"Specific heat capacity at constant volume (or pressure) of medium"
4726
4727	algorithm
4728	assert(hasHeatCapacity,"Specific Heat Capacity, Cv, is not defined for medium "
4729	+ mediumName + ".");
4730	cp := Poly.evaluate(poly_Cp,if TinK then state.T else state.T - 273.15);
4731	annotation(smoothOrder=2);
4732	end specificHeatCapacityCp;
4733
4734	redeclare function extends dynamicViscosity
4735	"Return dynamic viscosity as a function of the thermodynamic state record"
4736
4737	algorithm
4738	assert(size(tableViscosity,1)>0,"DynamicViscosity, eta, is not defined for medium "
4739	+ mediumName + ".");
4740	eta := Math.exp(Poly.evaluate(poly_eta, 1/state.T));
4741	annotation(smoothOrder=2);
4742	end dynamicViscosity;
4743
4744	redeclare function extends thermalConductivity
4745	"Return thermal conductivity as a function of the thermodynamic state record"
4746
4747	algorithm
4748	assert(size(tableConductivity,1)>0,"ThermalConductivity, lambda, is not defined for medium "
4749	+ mediumName + ".");
4750	lambda := Poly.evaluate(poly_lam,if TinK then state.T else Cv.to_degC(state.T));
4751	annotation(smoothOrder=2);
4752	end thermalConductivity;
4753
4754	function s_T "compute specific entropy"
4755	input Temperature T "temperature";
4756	output SpecificEntropy s "specific entropy";
4757	algorithm
4758	s := s0 + (if TinK then
4759	Poly.integralValue(poly_Cp[1:npol],T, T0) else
4760	Poly.integralValue(poly_Cp[1:npol],Cv.to_degC(T),Cv.to_degC(T0)))
4761	+ Modelica.Math.log(T/T0)*
4762	Poly.evaluate(poly_Cp,if TinK then 0 else Modelica.Constants.T_zero);
4763	annotation(smoothOrder=2);
4764	end s_T;
4765
4766	redeclare function extends specificEntropy "Return specific entropy
4767	as a function of the thermodynamic state record"
4768
4769	protected
4770	Integer npol=size(poly_Cp,1)-1;
4771	algorithm
4772	assert(hasHeatCapacity,"Specific Entropy, s(T), is not defined for medium "
4773	+ mediumName + ".");
4774	s := s_T(state.T);
4775	annotation(smoothOrder=2);
4776	end specificEntropy;
4777
4778	function h_T "Compute specific enthalpy from temperature"
4779	import Modelica.SIunits.Conversions.to_degC;
4780	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
4781	input SI.Temperature T "Temperature";
4782	output SI.SpecificEnthalpy h "Specific enthalpy at p, T";
4783	algorithm
4784	h :=h0 + Poly.integralValue(poly_Cp, if TinK then T else Cv.to_degC(T), if TinK then
4785	T0 else Cv.to_degC(T0));
4786	annotation(derivative=h_T_der);
4787	end h_T;
4788
4789	function h_T_der "Compute specific enthalpy from temperature"
4790	import Modelica.SIunits.Conversions.to_degC;
4791	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
4792	input SI.Temperature T "Temperature";
4793	input Real dT "temperature derivative";
4794	output Real dh "derivative of Specific enthalpy at T";
4795	algorithm
4796	dh :=Poly.evaluate(poly_Cp, if TinK then T else Cv.to_degC(T))*dT;
4797	annotation(smoothOrder=1);
4798	end h_T_der;
4799
4800	function h_pT "Compute specific enthalpy from pressure and temperature"
4801	import Modelica.SIunits.Conversions.to_degC;
4802	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
4803	input SI.Pressure p "Pressure";
4804	input SI.Temperature T "Temperature";
4805	input Boolean densityOfT = false
4806	"include or neglect density derivative dependence of enthalpy" annotation(Evaluate);
4807	output SI.SpecificEnthalpy h "Specific enthalpy at p, T";
4808	algorithm
4809	h :=h0 + Poly.integralValue(poly_Cp, if TinK then T else Cv.to_degC(T), if TinK then
4810	T0 else Cv.to_degC(T0)) + (p - reference_p)/Poly.evaluate(poly_rho, if TinK then
4811	T else Cv.to_degC(T))
4812	*(if densityOfT then (1 + T/Poly.evaluate(poly_rho, if TinK then T else Cv.to_degC(T))
4813	*Poly.derivativeValue(poly_rho,if TinK then T else Cv.to_degC(T))) else 1.0);
4814	annotation(smoothOrder=2);
4815	end h_pT;
4816
4817	redeclare function extends temperature
4818	"Return temperature as a function of the thermodynamic state record"
4819	algorithm
4820	T := state.T;
4821	annotation(smoothOrder=2);
4822	end temperature;
4823
4824	redeclare function extends pressure
4825	"Return pressure as a function of the thermodynamic state record"
4826	algorithm
4827	p := state.p;
4828	annotation(smoothOrder=2);
4829	end pressure;
4830
4831	redeclare function extends density
4832	"Return density as a function of the thermodynamic state record"
4833	algorithm
4834	d := Poly.evaluate(poly_rho,if TinK then state.T else Cv.to_degC(state.T));
4835	annotation(smoothOrder=2);
4836	end density;
4837
4838	redeclare function extends specificEnthalpy
4839	"Return specific enthalpy as a function of the thermodynamic state record"
4840	algorithm
4841	h := if enthalpyOfT then h_T(state.T) else h_pT(state.p,state.T);
4842	annotation(smoothOrder=2);
4843	end specificEnthalpy;
4844
4845	redeclare function extends specificInternalEnergy
4846	"Return specific internal energy as a function of the thermodynamic state record"
4847	algorithm
4848	u := if enthalpyOfT then h_T(state.T) else h_pT(state.p,state.T)
4849	- (if singleState then reference_p/density(state) else state.p/density(state));
4850	annotation(smoothOrder=2);
4851	end specificInternalEnergy;
4852
4853	function T_ph "Compute temperature from pressure and specific enthalpy"
4854	input AbsolutePressure p "pressure";
4855	input SpecificEnthalpy h "specific enthalpy";
4856	output Temperature T "temperature";
4857	protected
4858	package Internal
4859	"Solve h(T) for T with given h (use only indirectly via temperature_phX)"
4860	extends Modelica.Media.Common.OneNonLinearEquation;
4861
4862	redeclare record extends f_nonlinear_Data
4863	"superfluous record, fix later when better structure of inverse functions exists"
4864	constant Real[5] dummy = {1,2,3,4,5};
4865	end f_nonlinear_Data;
4866
4867	redeclare function extends f_nonlinear
4868	"p is smuggled in via vector"
4869	algorithm
4870	y := if singleState then h_T(x) else h_pT(p,x);
4871	end f_nonlinear;
4872
4873	// Dummy definition has to be added for current Dymola
4874	redeclare function extends solve
4875	end solve;
4876	end Internal;
4877	algorithm
4878	T := Internal.solve(h, T_min, T_max, p, {1}, Internal.f_nonlinear_Data());
4879	annotation(Inline=false, LateInline=true, inverse=h_pT(p,T));
4880	end T_ph;
4881
4882	function T_ps "Compute temperature from pressure and specific enthalpy"
4883	input AbsolutePressure p "pressure";
4884	input SpecificEntropy s "specific entropy";
4885	output Temperature T "temperature";
4886	protected
4887	package Internal
4888	"Solve h(T) for T with given h (use only indirectly via temperature_phX)"
4889	extends Modelica.Media.Common.OneNonLinearEquation;
4890
4891	redeclare record extends f_nonlinear_Data
4892	"superfluous record, fix later when better structure of inverse functions exists"
4893	constant Real[5] dummy = {1,2,3,4,5};
4894	end f_nonlinear_Data;
4895
4896	redeclare function extends f_nonlinear
4897	"p is smuggled in via vector"
4898	algorithm
4899	y := s_T(x);
4900	end f_nonlinear;
4901
4902	// Dummy definition has to be added for current Dymola
4903	redeclare function extends solve
4904	end solve;
4905	end Internal;
4906	algorithm
4907	T := Internal.solve(s, T_min, T_max, p, {1}, Internal.f_nonlinear_Data());
4908	end T_ps;
4909
4910	package Polynomials_Temp
4911	"Temporary Functions operating on polynomials (including polynomial fitting); only to be used in Modelica.Media.Incompressible.TableBased"
4912	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
4913
4914	function evaluate "Evaluate polynomial at a given abszissa value"
4915	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
4916	input Real p[:]
4917	"Polynomial coefficients (p[1] is coefficient of highest power)";
4918	input Real u "Abszissa value";
4919	output Real y "Value of polynomial at u";
4920	algorithm
4921	y := p[1];
4922	for j in 2:size(p, 1) loop
4923	y := p[j] + u*y;
4924	end for;
4925	annotation(derivative(zeroDerivative=p)=evaluate_der);
4926	end evaluate;
4927
4928	function derivativeValue
4929	"Value of derivative of polynomial at abszissa value u"
4930	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
4931	input Real p[:]
4932	"Polynomial coefficients (p[1] is coefficient of highest power)";
4933	input Real u "Abszissa value";
4934	output Real y "Value of derivative of polynomial at u";
4935	protected
4936	Integer n=size(p, 1);
4937	algorithm
4938	y := p[1]*(n - 1);
4939	for j in 2:size(p, 1)-1 loop
4940	y := p[j](n - j) + uy;
4941	end for;
4942	annotation(derivative(zeroDerivative=p)=derivativeValue_der);
4943	end derivativeValue;
4944
4945	function secondDerivativeValue
4946	"Value of 2nd derivative of polynomial at abszissa value u"
4947	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
4948	input Real p[:]
4949	"Polynomial coefficients (p[1] is coefficient of highest power)";
4950	input Real u "Abszissa value";
4951	output Real y "Value of 2nd derivative of polynomial at u";
4952	protected
4953	Integer n=size(p, 1);
4954	algorithm
4955	y := p[1](n - 1)(n - 2);
4956	for j in 2:size(p, 1)-2 loop
4957	y := p[j](n - j)(n - j - 1) + u*y;
4958	end for;
4959	end secondDerivativeValue;
4960
4961	function integralValue
4962	"Integral of polynomial p(u) from u_low to u_high"
4963	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
4964	input Real p[:] "Polynomial coefficients";
4965	input Real u_high "High integrand value";
4966	input Real u_low=0 "Low integrand value, default 0";
4967	output Real integral=0.0
4968	"Integral of polynomial p from u_low to u_high";
4969	protected
4970	Integer n=size(p, 1) "degree of integrated polynomial";
4971	Real y_low=0 "value at lower integrand";
4972	algorithm
4973	for j in 1:n loop
4974	integral := u_high*(p[j]/(n - j + 1) + integral);
4975	y_low := u_low*(p[j]/(n - j + 1) + y_low);
4976	end for;
4977	integral := integral - y_low;
4978	annotation(derivative(zeroDerivative=p)=integralValue_der);
4979	end integralValue;
4980
4981	function fitting
4982	"Computes the coefficients of a polynomial that fits a set of data points in a least-squares sense"
4983	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
4984	input Real u[:] "Abscissa data values";
4985	input Real y[size(u, 1)] "Ordinate data values";
4986	input Integer n(min=1)
4987	"Order of desired polynomial that fits the data points (u,y)";
4988	output Real p[n + 1]
4989	"Polynomial coefficients of polynomial that fits the date points";
4990	protected
4991	Real V[size(u, 1), n + 1] "Vandermonde matrix";
4992	algorithm
4993	// Construct Vandermonde matrix
4994	V[:, n + 1] := ones(size(u, 1));
4995	for j in n:-1:1 loop
4996	V[:, j] := {u[i] * V[i, j + 1] for i in 1:size(u,1)};
4997	end for;
4998
4999	// Solve least squares problem
5000	p :=Modelica.Math.Matrices.leastSquares(V, y);
5001	annotation (Documentation(info="<HTML>
5002	<p>
5003	Polynomials.fitting(u,y,n) computes the coefficients of a polynomial
5004	p(u) of degree \"n\" that fits the data \"p(u[i]) - y[i]\"
5005	in a least squares sense. The polynomial is
5006	returned as a vector p[n+1] that has the following definition:
5007	</p>
5008	<pre>
5009	p(u) = p[1]u^n + p[2]u^(n-1) + ... + p[n]*u + p[n+1];
5010	</pre>
5011	</HTML>"));
5012	end fitting;
5013
5014	function evaluate_der "Evaluate polynomial at a given abszissa value"
5015	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
5016	input Real p[:]
5017	"Polynomial coefficients (p[1] is coefficient of highest power)";
5018	input Real u "Abszissa value";
5019	input Real du "Abszissa value";
5020	output Real dy "Value of polynomial at u";
5021	protected
5022	Integer n=size(p, 1);
5023	algorithm
5024	dy := p[1]*(n - 1);
5025	for j in 2:size(p, 1)-1 loop
5026	dy := p[j](n - j) + udy;
5027	end for;
5028	dy := dy*du;
5029	end evaluate_der;
5030
5031	function integralValue_der
5032	"Time derivative of integral of polynomial p(u) from u_low to u_high, assuming only u_high as time-dependent (Leibnitz rule)"
5033	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
5034	input Real p[:] "Polynomial coefficients";
5035	input Real u_high "High integrand value";
5036	input Real u_low=0 "Low integrand value, default 0";
5037	input Real du_high "High integrand value";
5038	input Real du_low=0 "Low integrand value, default 0";
5039	output Real dintegral=0.0
5040	"Integral of polynomial p from u_low to u_high";
5041	algorithm
5042	dintegral := evaluate(p,u_high)*du_high;
5043	end integralValue_der;
5044
5045	function derivativeValue_der
5046	"time derivative of derivative of polynomial"
5047	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
5048	input Real p[:]
5049	"Polynomial coefficients (p[1] is coefficient of highest power)";
5050	input Real u "Abszissa value";
5051	input Real du "delta of abszissa value";
5052	output Real dy
5053	"time-derivative of derivative of polynomial w.r.t. input variable at u";
5054	protected
5055	Integer n=size(p, 1);
5056	algorithm
5057	dy := secondDerivativeValue(p,u)*du;
5058	end derivativeValue_der;
5059	annotation (Documentation(info="<HTML>
5060	<p>
5061	This package contains functions to operate on polynomials,
5062	in particular to determine the derivative and the integral
5063	of a polynomial and to use a polynomial to fit a given set
5064	of data points.
5065	</p>
5066	<p>
5067
5068	<p><b>Copyright © 2004-2010, Modelica Association and DLR.</b></p>
5069
5070	<p><i>
5071	This package is <b>free</b> software. It can be redistributed and/or modified
5072	under the terms of the <b>Modelica license</b>, see the license conditions
5073	and the accompanying <b>disclaimer</b> in the documentation of package
5074	Modelica in file \"Modelica/package.mo\".
5075	</i>
5076	</p>
5077
5078	</HTML>
5079	", revisions="<html>
5080	<ul>
5081	<li><i>Oct. 22, 2004</i> by Martin Otter (DLR):<br>
5082	Renamed functions to not have abbrevations.<br>
5083	Based fitting on LAPACK<br>
5084	New function to return the polynomial of an indefinite integral<li>
5085	<li><i>Sept. 3, 2004</i> by Jonas Eborn (Scynamics):<br>
5086	polyderval, polyintval added<li>
5087	<li><i>March 1, 2004</i> by Martin Otter (DLR):<br>
5088	first version implemented
5089	</li>
5090	</ul>
5091	</html>"));
5092	end Polynomials_Temp;
5093	annotation(__Dymola_keepConstant = true, Documentation(info="<HTML>
5094	<p>
5095	This is the base package for medium models of incompressible fluids based on
5096	tables. The minimal data to provide for a useful medium description is tables
5097	of density and heat capacity as functions of temperature.
5098	</p>
5099
5100	<p>It should be noted that incompressible media only have 1 state per control volume (usually T),
5101	but have both T and p as inputs for fully correct properties. The error of using only T-dependent
5102	properties is small, therefore a Boolean flag enthalpyOfT exists. If it is true, the
5103	enumeration Choices.independentVariables is set to Choices.independentVariables.T otherwise
5104	it is set to Choices.independentVariables.pT.</p>
5105
5106	<h4>Using the package TableBased</h4>
5107	<p>
5108	To implement a new medium model, create a package that <b>extends</b> TableBased
5109	and provides one or more of the constant tables:
5110	</p>
5111
5112	<pre>
5113	tableDensity = [T, d];
5114	tableHeatCapacity = [T, Cp];
5115	tableConductivity = [T, lam];
5116	tableViscosity = [T, eta];
5117	tableVaporPressure = [T, pVap];
5118	</pre>
5119
5120	<p>
5121	The table data is used to fit constant polynomials of order <b>npol</b>, the
5122	temperature data points do not need to be same for different properties. Properties
5123	like enthalpy, inner energy and entropy are calculated consistently from integrals
5124	and derivatives of d(T) and Cp(T). The minimal
5125	data for a useful medium model is thus density and heat capacity. Transport
5126	properties and vapor pressure are optional, if the data tables are empty the corresponding
5127	function calls can not be used.
5128	</p>
5129	</HTML>"),
5130	Documentation(info="<HTML>
5131	<h4>Table based media</h4>
5132	<p>
5133	This is the base package for medium models of incompressible fluids based on
5134	tables. The minimal data to provide for a useful medium description is tables
5135	of density and heat capacity as functions of temperature.
5136	</p>
5137	<h4>Using the package TableBased</h4>
5138	<p>
5139	To implement a new medium model, create a package that <b>extends</b> TableBased
5140	and provides one or more of the constant tables:
5141	<pre>
5142	tableDensity = [T, d];
5143	tableHeatCapacity = [T, Cp];
5144	tableConductivity = [T, lam];
5145	tableViscosity = [T, eta];
5146	tableVaporPressure = [T, pVap];
5147	</pre>
5148	The table data is used to fit constant polynomials of order <b>npol</b>, the
5149	temperature data points do not need to be same for different properties. Properties
5150	like enthalpy, inner energy and entropy are calculated consistently from integrals
5151	and derivatives of d(T) and Cp(T). The minimal
5152	data for a useful medium model is thus density and heat capacity. Transport
5153	properties and vapor pressure are optional, if the data tables are empty the corresponding
5154	function calls can not be used.
5155	</HTML>"));
5156	end TableBased;
5157	annotation (
5158	Documentation(info="<HTML>
5159	<h4>Incompressible media package</h4>
5160	<p>
5161	This package provides a structure and examples of how to create simple
5162	medium models of incompressible fluids, meaning fluids with very little
5163	pressure influence on density. The medium properties is typically described
5164	in terms of tables, functions or polynomial coefficients.
5165	</p>
5166	<h4>Definitions</h4>
5167	<p>
5168	The common meaning of <em>incompressible</em> is that properties like density
5169	and enthalpy are independent of pressure. Thus properties are conveniently
5170	described as functions of temperature, e.g., as polynomials density(T) and cp(T).
5171	However, enthalpy can not be independent of pressure since h = u - p/d. For liquids
5172	it is anyway
5173	common to neglect this dependence since for constant density the neglected term
5174	is (p - p0)/d, which in comparison with cp is very small for most liquids. For
5175	water, the equivalent change of temperature to increasing pressure 1 bar is
5176	0.025 Kelvin.
5177	</p>
5178	<p>
5179	Two boolean flags are used to choose how enthalpy and inner energy is calculated:
5180	<ul>
5181	<li><b>enthalpyOfT</b>=true, means assuming that enthalpy is only a function
5182	of temperature, neglecting the pressure dependent term.</li>
5183	<li><b>singleState</b>=true, means also neglect the pressure influence on inner
5184	energy, which makes all medium properties pure functions of temperature.</li>
5185	</ul>
5186	The default setting for both these flags is true, which enables the simulation tool
5187	to choose temperature as the only medium state and avoids non-linear equation
5188	systems, see the section about
5189	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.UsersGuide.MediumDefinition.StaticStateSelection\">Static
5190	state selection</a> in the Modelica.Media User's Guide.
5191
5192	</p>
5193	<h4>Contents</h4>
5194	<p>
5195	Currently, the package contains the following parts:
5196	</p>
5197	<ol>
5198	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.Incompressible.TableBased\">
5199	Table based medium models</a></li>
5200	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.Incompressible.Examples\">
5201	Example medium models</a></li>
5202	</ol>
5203
5204	<p>
5205	A few examples are given in the Examples package. The model
5206	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.Incompressible.Examples.Glycol47\">
5207	Examples.Glycol47</a> shows how the medium models can be used. For more
5208	realistic examples of how to implement volume models with medium properties
5209	look in the <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.UsersGuide.MediumUsage\">Medium
5210	usage section</a> of the User's Guide.
5211	</p>
5212
5213	</HTML>"));
5214	end Incompressible;
5215	annotation (
5216	Documentation(info="<HTML>
5217	<p>
5218	This library contains <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.Interfaces\">interface</a>
5219	definitions for media and the following <b>property</b> models for
5220	single and multiple substance fluids with one and multiple phases:
5221	</p>
5222	<ul>
5223	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.IdealGases\">Ideal gases:</a><br>
5224	1241 high precision gas models based on the
5225	NASA Glenn coefficients, plus ideal gas mixture models based
5226	on the same data.</li>
5227	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.Water\">Water models:</a><br>
5228	ConstantPropertyLiquidWater, WaterIF97 (high precision
5229	water model according to the IAPWS/IF97 standard)</li>
5230	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.Air\">Air models:</a><br>
5231	SimpleAir, DryAirNasa, and MoistAir</li>
5232	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.Incompressible\">
5233	Incompressible media:</a><br>
5234	TableBased incompressible fluid models (properties are defined by tables rho(T),
5235	HeatCapacity_cp(T), etc.)</li>
5236	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.CompressibleLiquids\">
5237	Compressible liquids:</a><br>
5238	Simple liquid models with linear compressibility</li>
5239	</ul>
5240	<p>
5241	The following parts are useful, when newly starting with this library:
5242	<ul>
5243	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.UsersGuide\">Modelica.Media.UsersGuide</a>.</li>
5244	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.UsersGuide.MediumUsage\">Modelica.Media.UsersGuide.MediumUsage</a>
5245	describes how to use a medium model in a component model.</li>
5246	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.UsersGuide.MediumDefinition\">
5247	Modelica.Media.UsersGuide.MediumDefinition</a>
5248	describes how a new fluid medium model has to be implemented.</li>
5249	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.UsersGuide.ReleaseNotes\">Modelica.Media.UsersGuide.ReleaseNotes</a>
5250	summarizes the changes of the library releases.</li>
5251	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Media.Examples\">Modelica.Media.Examples</a>
5252	contains examples that demonstrate the usage of this library.</li>
5253	</ul>
5254	<p>
5255	Copyright © 1998-2010, Modelica Association.
5256	</p>
5257	<p>
5258	<i>This Modelica package is <u>free</u> software and the use is completely at <u>your own risk</u>; it can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms of the Modelica License 2. For license conditions (including the disclaimer of warranty) see <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.UsersGuide.ModelicaLicense2\">Modelica.UsersGuide.ModelicaLicense2</a> or visit <a href=\"http://www.modelica.org/licenses/ModelicaLicense2\"> http://www.modelica.org/licenses/ModelicaLicense2</a>.</i>
5259	</p>
5260	</HTML>"));
5261	end Media;
5262
5263	package Thermal
5264	"Library of thermal system components to model heat transfer and simple thermo-fluid pipe flow"
5265	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
5266
5267	package HeatTransfer
5268	"Library of 1-dimensional heat transfer with lumped elements"
5269	import Modelica.SIunits.Conversions.*;
5270	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
5271
5272	package Sources "Thermal sources"
5273	extends Modelica.Icons.SourcesPackage;
5274
5275	model FixedTemperature "Fixed temperature boundary condition in Kelvin"
5276
5277	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Temperature T "Fixed temperature at port";
5278	Interfaces.HeatPort_b port annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{90,
5279	-10},{110,10}}, rotation=0)));
5280	equation
5281	port.T = T;
5282	annotation (
5283	Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-100,-100},{
5284	100,100}}), graphics={
5285	Text(
5286	extent={{-150,150},{150,110}},
5287	textString="%name",
5288	lineColor={0,0,255}),
5289	Text(
5290	extent={{-150,-110},{150,-140}},
5291	lineColor={0,0,0},
5292	textString="T=%T"),
5293	Rectangle(
5294	extent={{-100,100},{100,-100}},
5295	lineColor={0,0,0},
5296	pattern=LinePattern.None,
5297	fillColor={159,159,223},
5298	fillPattern=FillPattern.Backward),
5299	Text(
5300	extent={{0,0},{-100,-100}},
5301	lineColor={0,0,0},
5302	textString="K"),
5303	Line(
5304	points={{-52,0},{56,0}},
5305	color={191,0,0},
5306	thickness=0.5),
5307	Polygon(
5308	points={{50,-20},{50,20},{90,0},{50,-20}},
5309	lineColor={191,0,0},
5310	fillColor={191,0,0},
5311	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid)}),
5312	Documentation(info="<HTML>
5313	<p>
5314	This model defines a fixed temperature T at its port in Kelvin,
5315	i.e., it defines a fixed temperature as a boundary condition.
5316	</p>
5317	</HTML>
5318	"), Diagram(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-100,-100},{
5319	100,100}}), graphics={
5320	Rectangle(
5321	extent={{-100,100},{100,-101}},
5322	lineColor={0,0,0},
5323	pattern=LinePattern.None,
5324	fillColor={159,159,223},
5325	fillPattern=FillPattern.Backward),
5326	Line(
5327	points={{-52,0},{56,0}},
5328	color={191,0,0},
5329	thickness=0.5),
5330	Text(
5331	extent={{0,0},{-100,-100}},
5332	lineColor={0,0,0},
5333	textString="K"),
5334	Polygon(
5335	points={{52,-20},{52,20},{90,0},{52,-20}},
5336	lineColor={191,0,0},
5337	fillColor={191,0,0},
5338	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid)}));
5339	end FixedTemperature;
5340
5341	model FixedHeatFlow "Fixed heat flow boundary condition"
5342	parameter Modelica.SIunits.HeatFlowRate Q_flow
5343	"Fixed heat flow rate at port";
5344	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Temperature T_ref=293.15
5345	"Reference temperature";
5346	parameter Modelica.SIunits.LinearTemperatureCoefficient alpha=0
5347	"Temperature coefficient of heat flow rate";
5348	Interfaces.HeatPort_b port annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{90,
5349	-10},{110,10}}, rotation=0)));
5350	equation
5351	port.Q_flow = -Q_flow(1 + alpha(port.T - T_ref));
5352	annotation (
5353	Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-100,-100},{
5354	100,100}}), graphics={
5355	Text(
5356	extent={{-150,100},{150,60}},
5357	textString="%name",
5358	lineColor={0,0,255}),
5359	Text(
5360	extent={{-150,-55},{150,-85}},
5361	lineColor={0,0,0},
5362	textString="Q_flow=%Q_flow"),
5363	Line(
5364	points={{-100,-20},{48,-20}},
5365	color={191,0,0},
5366	thickness=0.5),
5367	Line(
5368	points={{-100,20},{46,20}},
5369	color={191,0,0},
5370	thickness=0.5),
5371	Polygon(
5372	points={{40,0},{40,40},{70,20},{40,0}},
5373	lineColor={191,0,0},
5374	fillColor={191,0,0},
5375	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
5376	Polygon(
5377	points={{40,-40},{40,0},{70,-20},{40,-40}},
5378	lineColor={191,0,0},
5379	fillColor={191,0,0},
5380	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
5381	Rectangle(
5382	extent={{70,40},{90,-40}},
5383	lineColor={191,0,0},
5384	fillColor={191,0,0},
5385	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid)}),
5386	Diagram(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-100,-100},
5387	{100,100}}), graphics={
5388	Text(
5389	extent={{-100,40},{0,-36}},
5390	lineColor={0,0,0},
5391	textString="Q_flow=const."),
5392	Line(
5393	points={{-48,-20},{60,-20}},
5394	color={191,0,0},
5395	thickness=0.5),
5396	Line(
5397	points={{-48,20},{60,20}},
5398	color={191,0,0},
5399	thickness=0.5),
5400	Polygon(
5401	points={{60,0},{60,40},{90,20},{60,0}},
5402	lineColor={191,0,0},
5403	fillColor={191,0,0},
5404	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
5405	Polygon(
5406	points={{60,-40},{60,0},{90,-20},{60,-40}},
5407	lineColor={191,0,0},
5408	fillColor={191,0,0},
5409	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid)}),
5410	Documentation(info="<HTML>
5411	<p>
5412	This model allows a specified amount of heat flow rate to be \"injected\"
5413	into a thermal system at a given port. The constant amount of heat
5414	flow rate Q_flow is given as a parameter. The heat flows into the
5415	component to which the component FixedHeatFlow is connected,
5416	if parameter Q_flow is positive.
5417	</p>
5418	<p>
5419	If parameter alpha is > 0, the heat flow is mulitplied by (1 + alpha*(port.T - T_ref))
5420	in order to simulate temperature dependent losses (which are given an reference temperature T_ref).
5421	</p>
5422	</HTML>
5423	"));
5424	end FixedHeatFlow;
5425	annotation (Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-100,
5426	-100},{100,100}}), graphics), Documentation(info="<html>
5427
5428	</html>"));
5429	end Sources;
5430
5431	package Interfaces "Connectors and partial models"
5432	extends Modelica.Icons.InterfacesPackage;
5433
5434	partial connector HeatPort "Thermal port for 1-dim. heat transfer"
5435	Modelica.SIunits.Temperature T "Port temperature";
5436	flow Modelica.SIunits.HeatFlowRate Q_flow
5437	"Heat flow rate (positive if flowing from outside into the component)";
5438	annotation (Documentation(info="<html>
5439
5440	</html>"));
5441	end HeatPort;
5442
5443	connector HeatPort_a
5444	"Thermal port for 1-dim. heat transfer (filled rectangular icon)"
5445
5446	extends HeatPort;
5447
5448	annotation(defaultComponentName = "port_a",
5449	Documentation(info="<HTML>
5450	<p>This connector is used for 1-dimensional heat flow between components.
5451	The variables in the connector are:</p>
5452	<pre>
5453	T Temperature in [Kelvin].
5454	Q_flow Heat flow rate in [Watt].
5455	</pre>
5456	<p>According to the Modelica sign convention, a <b>positive</b> heat flow
5457	rate <b>Q_flow</b> is considered to flow <b>into</b> a component. This
5458	convention has to be used whenever this connector is used in a model
5459	class.</p>
5460	<p>Note, that the two connector classes <b>HeatPort_a</b> and
5461	<b>HeatPort_b</b> are identical with the only exception of the different
5462	<b>icon layout</b>.</p></HTML>
5463	"), Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-100,-100},{
5464	100,100}}), graphics={Rectangle(
5465	extent={{-100,100},{100,-100}},
5466	lineColor={191,0,0},
5467	fillColor={191,0,0},
5468	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid)}),
5469	Diagram(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-100,-100},
5470	{100,100}}), graphics={Rectangle(
5471	extent={{-50,50},{50,-50}},
5472	lineColor={191,0,0},
5473	fillColor={191,0,0},
5474	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid), Text(
5475	extent={{-120,120},{100,60}},
5476	lineColor={191,0,0},
5477	textString="%name")}));
5478	end HeatPort_a;
5479
5480	connector HeatPort_b
5481	"Thermal port for 1-dim. heat transfer (unfilled rectangular icon)"
5482
5483	extends HeatPort;
5484
5485	annotation(defaultComponentName = "port_b",
5486	Documentation(info="<HTML>
5487	<p>This connector is used for 1-dimensional heat flow between components.
5488	The variables in the connector are:</p>
5489	<pre>
5490	T Temperature in [Kelvin].
5491	Q_flow Heat flow rate in [Watt].
5492	</pre>
5493	<p>According to the Modelica sign convention, a <b>positive</b> heat flow
5494	rate <b>Q_flow</b> is considered to flow <b>into</b> a component. This
5495	convention has to be used whenever this connector is used in a model
5496	class.</p>
5497	<p>Note, that the two connector classes <b>HeatPort_a</b> and
5498	<b>HeatPort_b</b> are identical with the only exception of the different
5499	<b>icon layout</b>.</p></HTML>
5500	"), Diagram(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-100,-100},
5501	{100,100}}), graphics={Rectangle(
5502	extent={{-50,50},{50,-50}},
5503	lineColor={191,0,0},
5504	fillColor={255,255,255},
5505	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid), Text(
5506	extent={{-100,120},{120,60}},
5507	lineColor={191,0,0},
5508	textString="%name")}),
5509	Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-100,-100},{
5510	100,100}}), graphics={Rectangle(
5511	extent={{-100,100},{100,-100}},
5512	lineColor={191,0,0},
5513	fillColor={255,255,255},
5514	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid)}));
5515	end HeatPort_b;
5516	annotation (Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-100,
5517	-100},{100,100}}), graphics),
5518	Documentation(info="<html>
5519
5520	</html>"));
5521	end Interfaces;
5522	annotation (
5523	Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true,
5524	extent={{-100,-100},{100,100}}), graphics={
5525	Polygon(
5526	points={{-54,-6},{-61,-7},{-75,-15},{-79,-24},{-80,-34},{-78,-42},{-73,
5527	-49},{-64,-51},{-57,-51},{-47,-50},{-41,-43},{-38,-35},{-40,-27},
5528	{-40,-20},{-42,-13},{-47,-7},{-54,-5},{-54,-6}},
5529	lineColor={128,128,128},
5530	fillColor={192,192,192},
5531	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
5532	Polygon(
5533	points={{-75,-15},{-79,-25},{-80,-34},{-78,-42},{-72,-49},{-64,-51},{
5534	-57,-51},{-47,-50},{-57,-47},{-65,-45},{-71,-40},{-74,-33},{-76,-23},
5535	{-75,-15},{-75,-15}},
5536	lineColor={0,0,0},
5537	fillColor={160,160,164},
5538	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
5539	Polygon(
5540	points={{39,-6},{32,-7},{18,-15},{14,-24},{13,-34},{15,-42},{20,-49},
5541	{29,-51},{36,-51},{46,-50},{52,-43},{55,-35},{53,-27},{53,-20},{
5542	51,-13},{46,-7},{39,-5},{39,-6}},
5543	lineColor={160,160,164},
5544	fillColor={192,192,192},
5545	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
5546	Polygon(
5547	points={{18,-15},{14,-25},{13,-34},{15,-42},{21,-49},{29,-51},{36,-51},
5548	{46,-50},{36,-47},{28,-45},{22,-40},{19,-33},{17,-23},{18,-15},{
5549	18,-15}},
5550	lineColor={0,0,0},
5551	fillColor={160,160,164},
5552	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
5553	Polygon(
5554	points={{-9,-23},{-9,-10},{18,-17},{-9,-23}},
5555	lineColor={191,0,0},
5556	fillColor={191,0,0},
5557	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
5558	Line(
5559	points={{-41,-17},{-9,-17}},
5560	color={191,0,0},
5561	thickness=0.5),
5562	Line(
5563	points={{-17,-40},{15,-40}},
5564	color={191,0,0},
5565	thickness=0.5),
5566	Polygon(
5567	points={{-17,-46},{-17,-34},{-40,-40},{-17,-46}},
5568	lineColor={191,0,0},
5569	fillColor={191,0,0},
5570	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid)}),
5571	Documentation(info="<HTML>
5572	<p>
5573	This package contains components to model <b>1-dimensional heat transfer</b>
5574	with lumped elements. This allows especially to model heat transfer in
5575	machines provided the parameters of the lumped elements, such as
5576	the heat capacity of a part, can be determined by measurements
5577	(due to the complex geometries and many materials used in machines,
5578	calculating the lumped element parameters from some basic analytic
5579	formulas is usually not possible).
5580	</p>
5581	<p>
5582	Example models how to use this library are given in subpackage <b>Examples</b>.<br>
5583	For a first simple example, see <b>Examples.TwoMasses</b> where two masses
5584	with different initial temperatures are getting in contact to each
5585	other and arriving after some time at a common temperature.<br>
5586	<b>Examples.ControlledTemperature</b> shows how to hold a temperature
5587	within desired limits by switching on and off an electric resistor.<br>
5588	A more realistic example is provided in <b>Examples.Motor</b> where the
5589	heating of an electrical motor is modelled, see the following screen shot
5590	of this example:
5591	</p>
5592	<img src=\"modelica://Modelica/Resources/Images/Thermal/HeatTransfer/driveWithHeatTransfer.png\" ALT=\"driveWithHeatTransfer\">
5593	<p>
5594	The <b>filled</b> and <b>non-filled red squares</b> at the left and
5595	right side of a component represent <b>thermal ports</b> (connector HeatPort).
5596	Drawing a line between such squares means that they are thermally connected.
5597	The variables of a HeatPort connector are the temperature <b>T</b> at the port
5598	and the heat flow rate <b>Q_flow</b> flowing into the component (if Q_flow is positive,
5599	the heat flows into the element, otherwise it flows out of the element):
5600	</p>
5601	<pre> Modelica.SIunits.Temperature T \"absolute temperature at port in Kelvin\";
5602	Modelica.SIunits.HeatFlowRate Q_flow \"flow rate at the port in Watt\";
5603	</pre>
5604	<p>
5605	Note, that all temperatures of this package, including initial conditions,
5606	are given in Kelvin. For convenience, in subpackages <b>HeatTransfer.Celsius</b>,
5607	<b>HeatTransfer.Fahrenheit</b> and <b>HeatTransfer.Rankine</b> components are provided such that source and
5608	sensor information is available in degree Celsius, degree Fahrenheit, or degree Rankine,
5609	respectively. Additionally, in package <b>SIunits.Conversions</b> conversion
5610	functions between the units Kelvin and Celsius, Fahrenheit, Rankine are
5611	provided. These functions may be used in the following way:
5612	</p>
5613	<pre> <b>import</b> SI=Modelica.SIunits;
5614	<b>import</b> Modelica.SIunits.Conversions.*;
5615	...
5616	<b>parameter</b> SI.Temperature T = from_degC(25); // convert 25 degree Celsius to Kelvin
5617	</pre>
5618
5619	<p>
5620	There are several other components available, such as AxialConduction (discretized PDE in
5621	axial direction), which have been temporarily removed from this library. The reason is that
5622	these components reference material properties, such as thermal conductivity, and currently
5623	the Modelica design group is discussing a general scheme to describe material properties.
5624	</p>
5625	<p>
5626	For technical details in the design of this library, see the following reference:<br>
5627	<b>Michael Tiller (2001)</b>: <a href=\"http://www.amazon.de\">
5628	Introduction to Physical Modeling with Modelica</a>.
5629	Kluwer Academic Publishers Boston.
5630	</p>
5631	<p>
5632	<b>Acknowledgements:</b><br>
5633	Several helpful remarks from the following persons are acknowledged:
5634	John Batteh, Ford Motors, Dearborn, U.S.A;
5635	<a href=\"http://www.haumer.at/\">Anton Haumer</a>, Technical Consulting & Electrical Engineering, Austria;
5636	Ludwig Marvan, VA TECH ELIN EBG Elektronik GmbH, Wien, Austria;
5637	Hans Olsson, Dassault Systèmes AB, Sweden;
5638	Hubertus Tummescheit, Lund Institute of Technology, Lund, Sweden.
5639	</p>
5640	<dl>
5641	<dt><b>Main Authors:</b></dt>
5642	<dd>
5643	<p>
5644	<a href=\"http://www.haumer.at/\">Anton Haumer</a><br>
5645	Technical Consulting & Electrical Engineering<br>
5646	A-3423 St.Andrae-Woerdern, Austria<br>
5647	email: <a href=\"mailto:a.haumer@haumer.at\">a.haumer@haumer.at</a>
5648	</p>
5649	</dd>
5650	</dl>
5651	<p><b>Copyright © 2001-2010, Modelica Association, Michael Tiller and DLR.</b></p>
5652
5653	<p>
5654	<i>This Modelica package is <u>free</u> software and the use is completely at <u>your own risk</u>; it can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms of the Modelica License 2. For license conditions (including the disclaimer of warranty) see <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.UsersGuide.ModelicaLicense2\">Modelica.UsersGuide.ModelicaLicense2</a> or visit <a href=\"http://www.modelica.org/licenses/ModelicaLicense2\"> http://www.modelica.org/licenses/ModelicaLicense2</a>.</i>
5655	</p>
5656	</HTML>
5657	", revisions="<html>
5658	<ul>
5659	<li><i>July 15, 2002</i>
5660	by Michael Tiller, <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a>
5661	and <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Nikolaus.Schuermann/\">Nikolaus Schürmann</a>:<br>
5662	Implemented.
5663	</li>
5664	<li><i>June 13, 2005</i>
5665	by <a href=\"http://www.haumer.at/\">Anton Haumer</a><br>
5666	Refined placing of connectors (cosmetic).<br>
5667	Refined all Examples; removed Examples.FrequencyInverter, introducing Examples.Motor<br>
5668	Introduced temperature dependent correction (1 + alpha*(T - T_ref)) in Fixed/PrescribedHeatFlow<br>
5669	</li>
5670	<li> v1.1.1 2007/11/13 Anton Haumer<br>
5671	componentes moved to sub-packages</li>
5672	<li> v1.2.0 2009/08/26 Anton Haumer<br>
5673	added component ThermalCollector</li>
5674
5675	</ul>
5676	</html>"));
5677	end HeatTransfer;
5678	annotation (Documentation(info="<html>
5679	<p>
5680	This package contains libraries to model heat transfer
5681	and fluid heat flow.
5682	</p>
5683	</html>"));
5684	end Thermal;
5685
5686	package Math
5687	"Library of mathematical functions (e.g., sin, cos) and of functions operating on vectors and matrices"
5688	import SI = Modelica.SIunits;
5689	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
5690
5691	package Matrices "Library of functions operating on matrices"
5692	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
5693
5694	function leastSquares
5695	"Solve linear equation A*x = b (exactly if possible, or otherwise in a least square sense; A may be non-square and may be rank deficient)"
5696	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
5697	input Real A[:, :] "Matrix A";
5698	input Real b[size(A, 1)] "Vector b";
5699	input Real rcond=100*Modelica.Constants.eps
5700	"Reciprocal condition number to estimate the rank of A";
5701	output Real x[size(A, 2)]
5702	"Vector x such that min\|Ax-b\|^2 if size(A,1) >= size(A,2) or min\|x\|^2 and Ax=b, if size(A,1) < size(A,2)";
5703	output Integer rank "Rank of A";
5704	protected
5705	Integer info;
5706	Real xx[max(size(A,1),size(A,2))];
5707	algorithm
5708	if min(size(A)) > 0 then
5709	(xx,info,rank) := LAPACK.dgelsx_vec(A, b, rcond);
5710	x := xx[1:size(A,2)];
5711	assert(info == 0, "Solving an overdetermined or underdetermined linear system\n" +
5712	"of equations with function \"Matrices.leastSquares\" failed.");
5713	else
5714	x := fill(0.0, size(A, 2));
5715	end if;
5716	annotation (
5717	Documentation(info="<html>
5718	<h4>Syntax</h4>
5719	<blockquote><pre>
5720	x = Matrices.<b>leastSquares</b>(A,b);
5721	</pre></blockquote>
5722	<h4>Description</h4>
5723	<p>
5724	Returns a solution of equation A*x = b in a least
5725	square sense (A may be rank deficient):
5726	</p>
5727	<pre>
5728	minimize \| A*x - b \|
5729	</pre>
5730
5731	<p>
5732	Several different cases can be distinguished (note, <b>rank</b> is an
5733	output argument of this function):
5734	</p>
5735
5736	<p>
5737	<b>size(A,1) = size(A,2)</b>
5738	</p>
5739
5740	<p> A solution is returned for a regular, as well as a singular matrix A:
5741	</p>
5742
5743	<ul>
5744	<li> <b>rank</b> = size(A,1):<br>
5745	A is <b>regular</b> and the returned solution x fulfills the equation
5746	A*x = b uniquely.</li>
5747
5748	<li> <b>rank</b> < size(A,1):<br>
5749	A is <b>singular</b> and no unique solution for equation A*x = b exists.
5750	<ul>
5751	<li> If an infinite number of solutions exists, the one is selected that fulfills
5752	the equation and at the same time has the minimum norm \|x\| for all solution
5753	vectors that fulfill the equation.</li>
5754	<li> If no solution exists, x is selected such that \|A*x - b\| is as small as
5755	possible (but A*x - b is not zero).</li>
5756	</ul>
5757	</ul>
5758
5759	<p>
5760	<b>size(A,1) > size(A,2):</b>
5761	</p>
5762
5763	<p>
5764	The equation A*x = b has no unique solution. The solution x is selected such that
5765	\|A*x - b\| is as small as possible. If rank = size(A,2), this minimum norm solution is
5766	unique. If rank < size(A,2), there are an infinite number of solutions leading to the
5767	same minimum value of \|A*x - b\|. From these infinite number of solutions, the one with the
5768	minimum norm \|x\| is selected. This gives a unique solution that minimizes both
5769	\|A*x - b\| and \|x\|.
5770	</p>
5771
5772	<p>
5773	<b>size(A,1) < size(A,2):</b>
5774	</p>
5775
5776	<ul>
5777	<li> <b>rank</b> = size(A,1):<br>
5778	There are an infinite number of solutions that fulfill the equation A*x = b.
5779	From this infinite number, the unique solution is selected that minimizes \|x\|.
5780	</li>
5781
5782	<li> <b>rank</b> < size(A,1):<br>
5783	There is either no solution of equation A*x = b, or there are again an infinite
5784	number of solutions. The unique solution x is returned that minimizes
5785	both \|A*x - b\| and \|x\|.</li>
5786	</ul>
5787
5788	<p>
5789	Note, the solution is computed with the LAPACK function \"dgelsx\",
5790	i.e., QR or LQ factorization of A with column pivoting.
5791	</p>
5792
5793	<h4>Algorithmic details</h4>
5794
5795	<p>
5796	The function first computes a QR factorization with column pivoting:
5797	</p>
5798
5799	<pre>
5800	A * P = Q * [ R11 R12 ]
5801	[ 0 R22 ]
5802	</pre>
5803
5804	<p>
5805	with R11 defined as the largest leading submatrix whose estimated
5806	condition number is less than 1/rcond. The order of R11, <b>rank</b>,
5807	is the effective rank of A.
5808	</p>
5809
5810	<p>
5811	Then, R22 is considered to be negligible, and R12 is annihilated
5812	by orthogonal transformations from the right, arriving at the
5813	complete orthogonal factorization:
5814	</p>
5815
5816	<pre>
5817	A * P = Q * [ T11 0 ] * Z
5818	[ 0 0 ]
5819	</pre>
5820
5821	<p>
5822	The minimum-norm solution is then
5823	</p>
5824
5825	<pre>
5826	x = P * Z' [ inv(T11)Q1'b ]
5827	[ 0 ]
5828	</pre>
5829
5830	<p>
5831	where Q1 consists of the first \"rank\" columns of Q.
5832	</p>
5833
5834	<h4>See also</h4>
5835
5836	<p>
5837	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Math.Matrices.leastSquares2\">Matrices.leastSquares2</a>
5838	(same as leastSquares, but with a right hand side matrix), <br>
5839	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Math.Matrices.solve\">Matrices.solve</a>
5840	(for square, regular matrices A)
5841	</p>
5842
5843	</html>"));
5844	end leastSquares;
5845
5846	package LAPACK
5847	"Interface to LAPACK library (should usually not directly be used but only indirectly via Modelica.Math.Matrices)"
5848	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
5849
5850	function dgelsx_vec
5851	"Computes the minimum-norm solution to a real linear least squares problem with rank deficient A"
5852
5853	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
5854	input Real A[:, :];
5855	input Real b[size(A,1)];
5856	input Real rcond=0.0 "Reciprocal condition number to estimate rank";
5857	output Real x[max(nrow,ncol)]= cat(1,b,zeros(max(nrow,ncol)-nrow))
5858	"solution is in first size(A,2) rows";
5859	output Integer info;
5860	output Integer rank "Effective rank of A";
5861	protected
5862	Integer nrow=size(A,1);
5863	Integer ncol=size(A,2);
5864	Integer nx=max(nrow,ncol);
5865	Integer lwork=max( min(nrow,ncol)+3ncol, 2min(nrow,ncol)+1);
5866	Real work[lwork];
5867	Real Awork[nrow,ncol]=A;
5868	Integer jpvt[ncol]=zeros(ncol);
5869	external "FORTRAN 77" dgelsx(nrow, ncol, 1, Awork, nrow, x, nx, jpvt,
5870	rcond, rank, work, lwork, info) annotation (Library="Lapack");
5871
5872	annotation (
5873	Documentation(info="Lapack documentation
5874	Purpose
5875	=======
5876
5877	DGELSX computes the minimum-norm solution to a real linear least
5878	squares problem:
5879	minimize \|\| A * X - B \|\|
5880	using a complete orthogonal factorization of A. A is an M-by-N
5881	matrix which may be rank-deficient.
5882
5883	Several right hand side vectors b and solution vectors x can be
5884	handled in a single call; they are stored as the columns of the
5885	M-by-NRHS right hand side matrix B and the N-by-NRHS solution
5886	matrix X.
5887
5888	The routine first computes a QR factorization with column pivoting:
5889	A * P = Q * [ R11 R12 ]
5890	[ 0 R22 ]
5891	with R11 defined as the largest leading submatrix whose estimated
5892	condition number is less than 1/RCOND. The order of R11, RANK,
5893	is the effective rank of A.
5894
5895	Then, R22 is considered to be negligible, and R12 is annihilated
5896	by orthogonal transformations from the right, arriving at the
5897	complete orthogonal factorization:
5898	A * P = Q * [ T11 0 ] * Z
5899	[ 0 0 ]
5900	The minimum-norm solution is then
5901	X = P * Z' [ inv(T11)Q1'B ]
5902	[ 0 ]
5903	where Q1 consists of the first RANK columns of Q.
5904
5905	Arguments
5906	=========
5907
5908	M (input) INTEGER
5909	The number of rows of the matrix A. M >= 0.
5910
5911	N (input) INTEGER
5912	The number of columns of the matrix A. N >= 0.
5913
5914	NRHS (input) INTEGER
5915	The number of right hand sides, i.e., the number of
5916	columns of matrices B and X. NRHS >= 0.
5917
5918	A (input/output) DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (LDA,N)
5919	On entry, the M-by-N matrix A.
5920	On exit, A has been overwritten by details of its
5921	complete orthogonal factorization.
5922
5923	LDA (input) INTEGER
5924	The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,M).
5925
5926	B (input/output) DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (LDB,NRHS)
5927	On entry, the M-by-NRHS right hand side matrix B.
5928	On exit, the N-by-NRHS solution matrix X.
5929	If m >= n and RANK = n, the residual sum-of-squares for
5930	the solution in the i-th column is given by the sum of
5931	squares of elements N+1:M in that column.
5932
5933	LDB (input) INTEGER
5934	The leading dimension of the array B. LDB >= max(1,M,N).
5935
5936	JPVT (input/output) INTEGER array, dimension (N)
5937	On entry, if JPVT(i) .ne. 0, the i-th column of A is an
5938	initial column, otherwise it is a free column. Before
5939	the QR factorization of A, all initial columns are
5940	permuted to the leading positions; only the remaining
5941	free columns are moved as a result of column pivoting
5942	during the factorization.
5943	On exit, if JPVT(i) = k, then the i-th column of A*P
5944	was the k-th column of A.
5945
5946	RCOND (input) DOUBLE PRECISION
5947	RCOND is used to determine the effective rank of A, which
5948	is defined as the order of the largest leading triangular
5949	submatrix R11 in the QR factorization with pivoting of A,
5950	whose estimated condition number < 1/RCOND.
5951
5952	RANK (output) INTEGER
5953	The effective rank of A, i.e., the order of the submatrix
5954	R11. This is the same as the order of the submatrix T11
5955	in the complete orthogonal factorization of A.
5956
5957	WORK (workspace) DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension
5958	(max( min(M,N)+3N, 2min(M,N)+NRHS )),
5959
5960	INFO (output) INTEGER
5961	= 0: successful exit
5962	< 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value "));
5963
5964	end dgelsx_vec;
5965	annotation (Documentation(info="<html>
5966	<p>
5967	This package contains external Modelica functions as interface to the
5968	LAPACK library
5969	(<a href=\"http://www.netlib.org/lapack\">http://www.netlib.org/lapack</a>)
5970	that provides FORTRAN subroutines to solve linear algebra
5971	tasks. Usually, these functions are not directly called, but only via
5972	the much more convenient interface of
5973	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Math.Matrices\">Modelica.Math.Matrices</a>.
5974	The documentation of the LAPACK functions is a copy of the original
5975	FORTRAN code. The details of LAPACK are described in:
5976	</p>
5977
5978	<dl>
5979	<dt>Anderson E., Bai Z., Bischof C., Blackford S., Demmel J., Dongarra J.,
5980	Du Croz J., Greenbaum A., Hammarling S., McKenney A., and Sorensen D.:</dt>
5981	<dd> <a href=\"http://www.netlib.org/lapack/lug/lapack_lug.html\">Lapack Users' Guide</a>.
5982	Third Edition, SIAM, 1999.</dd>
5983	</dl>
5984
5985	<p>
5986	See also <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapack\">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapack</a>.
5987	</p>
5988
5989	<p>
5990	This package contains a direct interface to the LAPACK subroutines
5991	</p>
5992
5993	</html>"));
5994	end LAPACK;
5995	annotation (
5996	Documentation(info="<HTML>
5997	<h4>Library content</h4>
5998	<p>
5999	This library provides functions operating on matrices. Below, the
6000	functions are ordered according to categories and a typical
6001	call of the respective function is shown.
6002	Most functions are solely an interface to the external
6003	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Math.Matrices.LAPACK\">LAPACK</a> library.
6004	</p>
6005
6006	<p>
6007	Note: A' is a short hand notation of transpose(A):
6008	</p>
6009
6010	<p><b>Basic Information</b></p>
6011	<ul>
6012	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Math.Matrices.toString\">toString</a>(A)
6013	- returns the string representation of matrix A.</li>
6014
6015	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Math.Matrices.isEqual\">isEqual</a>(M1, M2)
6016	- returns true if matrices M1 and M2 have the same size and the same elements.</li>
6017	</ul>
6018
6019	<p><b>Linear Equations</b></p>
6020	<ul>
6021	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Math.Matrices.solve\">solve</a>(A,b)
6022	- returns solution x of the linear equation A*x=b (where b is a vector,
6023	and A is a square matrix that must be regular).</li>
6024
6025	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Math.Matrices.solve2\">solve2</a>(A,B)
6026	- returns solution X of the linear equation A*X=B (where B is a matrix,
6027	and A is a square matrix that must be regular)</li>
6028
6029	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Math.Matrices.leastSquares\">leastSquares</a>(A,b)
6030	- returns solution x of the linear equation A*x=b in a least squares sense
6031	(where b is a vector and A may be non-square and may be rank deficient)</li>
6032
6033	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Math.Matrices.leastSquares2\">leastSquares2</a>(A,B)
6034	- returns solution X of the linear equation A*X=B in a least squares sense
6035	(where B is a matrix and A may be non-square and may be rank deficient)</li>
6036
6037	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Math.Matrices.equalityLeastSquares\">equalityLeastSquares</a>(A,a,B,b)
6038	- returns solution x of a linear equality constrained least squares problem:
6039	min\|Ax-a\|^2 subject to Bx=b</<li>
6040
6041	<li> (LU,p,info) = <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Math.Matrices.LU\">LU</a>(A)
6042	- returns the LU decomposition with row pivoting of a rectangular matrix A.</li>
6043
6044	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Math.Matrices.LU_solve\">LU_solve</a>(LU,p,b)
6045	- returns solution x of the linear equation LUx[p]=b with a b
6046	vector and an LU decomposition from \"LU(..)\".</li>
6047
6048	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Math.Matrices.LU_solve2\">LU_solve2</a>(LU,p,B)
6049	- returns solution X of the linear equation LUX[p,:]=B with a B
6050	matrix and an LU decomposition from \"LU(..)\".</li>
6051	</ul>
6052
6053	<p><b>Matrix Factorizations</b></p>
6054	<ul>
6055	<li> (eval,evec) = <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Math.Matrices.eigenValues\">eigenValues</a>(A)
6056	- returns eigen values \"eval\" and eigen vectors \"evec\" for a real,
6057	nonsymmetric matrix A in a Real representation.</li>
6058
6059	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Math.Matrices.eigenValueMatrix\">eigenValueMatrix</a>(eval)
6060	- returns real valued block diagonal matrix of the eigenvalues \"eval\" of matrix A.</li>
6061
6062	<li> (sigma,U,VT) = <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Math.Matrices.singularValues\">singularValues</a>(A)
6063	- returns singular values \"sigma\" and left and right singular vectors U and VT
6064	of a rectangular matrix A.</li>
6065
6066	<li> (Q,R,p) = <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Math.Matrices.QR\">QR</a>(A)
6067	- returns the QR decomposition with column pivoting of a rectangular matrix A
6068	such that Q*R = A[:,p].</li>
6069
6070	<li> (H,U) = <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Math.Matrices.hessenberg\">hessenberg</a>(A)
6071	- returns the upper Hessenberg form H and the orthogonal transformation matrix U
6072	of a square matrix A such that H = U'AU.</li>
6073
6074	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Math.Matrices.realSchur\">realSchur</a>(A)
6075	- returns the real Schur form of a square matrix A.</li>
6076
6077	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Math.Matrices.cholesky\">cholesky</a>(A)
6078	- returns the cholesky factor H of a real symmetric positive definite matrix A so that A = H'*H.</li>
6079
6080	<li> (D,Aimproved) = <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Math.Matrices.balance\">balance</a>(A)
6081	- returns an improved form Aimproved of a square matrix A that has a smaller condition as A,
6082	with Aimproved = inv(diagonal(D))Adiagonal(D).</li>
6083	</ul>
6084
6085	<p><b>Matrix Properties</b></p>
6086	<ul>
6087	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Math.Matrices.trace\">trace</a>(A)
6088	- returns the trace of square matrix A, i.e., the sum of the diagonal elements.</li>
6089
6090	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Math.Matrices.det\">det</a>(A)
6091	- returns the determinant of square matrix A (using LU decomposition; try to avoid det(..))</li>
6092
6093	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Math.Matrices.inv\">inv</a>(A)
6094	- returns the inverse of square matrix A (try to avoid, use instead \"solve2(..) with B=identity(..))</li>
6095
6096	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Math.Matrices.rank\">rank</a>(A)
6097	- returns the rank of square matrix A (computed with singular value decomposition)</li>
6098
6099	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Math.Matrices.conditionNumber\">conditionNumber</a>(A)
6100	- returns the condition number norm(A)*norm(inv(A)) of a square matrix A in the range 1..∞.</li>
6101
6102	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Math.Matrices.rcond\">rcond</a>(A)
6103	- returns the reciprocal condition number 1/conditionNumber(A) of a square matrix A in the range 0..1.</li>
6104
6105	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Math.Matrices.norm\">norm</a>(A)
6106	- returns the 1-, 2-, or infinity-norm of matrix A.</li>
6107
6108	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Math.Matrices.frobeniusNorm\">frobeniusNorm</a>(A)
6109	- returns the Frobenius norm of matrix A.</li>
6110
6111	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Math.Matrices.nullSpace\">nullSpace</a>(A)
6112	- returns the null space of matrix A.</li>
6113	</ul>
6114
6115	<p><b>Matrix Exponentials</b></p>
6116	<ul>
6117	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Math.Matrices.exp\">exp</a>(A)
6118	- returns the exponential e^A of a matrix A by adaptive Taylor series
6119	expansion with scaling and balancing</li>
6120
6121	<li> (phi, gamma) = <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Math.Matrices.integralExp\">integralExp</a>(A,B)
6122	- returns the exponential phi=e^A and the integral gamma=integral(exp(At)dt)*B as needed
6123	for a discretized system with zero order hold.</li>
6124
6125	<li> (phi, gamma, gamma1) = <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Math.Matrices.integralExpT\">integralExpT</a>(A,B)
6126	- returns the exponential phi=e^A, the integral gamma=integral(exp(At)dt)*B,
6127	and the time-weighted integral gamma1 = integral((T-t)exp(At)dt)B as needed
6128	for a discretized system with first order hold.</li>
6129	</ul>
6130
6131	<p><b>Matrix Equations</b></p>
6132	<ul>
6133	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Math.Matrices.continuousLyapunov\">continuousLyapunov</a>(A,C)
6134	- returns solution X of the continuous-time Lyapunov equation XA + A'X = C</li>
6135
6136	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Math.Matrices.continuousSylvester\">continuousSylvester</a>(A,B,C)
6137	- returns solution X of the continuous-time Sylvester equation AX + XB = C</li>
6138
6139	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Math.Matrices.continuousRiccati\">continuousRiccati</a>(A,B,R,Q)
6140	- returns solution X of the continuous-time algebraic Riccat equation
6141	A'X + XA - XBinv(R)B'X + Q = 0</li>
6142
6143	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Math.Matrices.discreteLyapunov\">discreteLyapunov</a>(A,C)
6144	- returns solution X of the discretes-time Lyapunov equation A'XA + sgn*X = C</li>
6145
6146	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Math.Matrices.discreteSylvester\">discreteSylvester</a>(A,B,C)
6147	- returns solution X of the discrete-time Sylvester equation AXB + sgn*X = C</li>
6148
6149	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Math.Matrices.discreteRiccati\">discreteRiccati</a>(A,B,R,Q)
6150	- returns solution X of the discrete-time algebraic Riccat equation
6151	A'XA - X - A'XBinv(R + B'XB)B'XA + Q = 0</li>
6152	</ul>
6153
6154	<p><b>Matrix Manipulation</b></p>
6155	<ul>
6156	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Math.Matrices.sort\">sort</a>(M)
6157	- returns the sorted rows or columns of matrix M in ascending or descending order.</li>
6158
6159	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Math.Matrices.flipLeftRight\">flipLeftRight</a>(M)
6160	- returns matrix M so that the columns of M are flipped in left/right direction.</li>
6161
6162	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Math.Matrices.flipUpDown\">flipUpDown</a>(M)
6163	- returns matrix M so that the rows of M are flipped in up/down direction.</li>
6164	</ul>
6165
6166	<h4>See also</h4>
6167	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Math.Vectors\">Vectors</a>
6168
6169	</HTML>
6170	"));
6171	end Matrices;
6172
6173	function sin "Sine"
6174	extends baseIcon1;
6175	input Modelica.SIunits.Angle u;
6176	output Real y;
6177
6178	external "builtin" y= sin(u);
6179	annotation (
6180	Icon(coordinateSystem(
6181	preserveAspectRatio=true,
6182	extent={{-100,-100},{100,100}},
6183	grid={2,2}), graphics={
6184	Line(points={{-90,0},{68,0}}, color={192,192,192}),
6185	Polygon(
6186	points={{90,0},{68,8},{68,-8},{90,0}},
6187	lineColor={192,192,192},
6188	fillColor={192,192,192},
6189	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
6190	Line(points={{-80,0},{-68.7,34.2},{-61.5,53.1},{-55.1,66.4},{-49.4,74.6},
6191	{-43.8,79.1},{-38.2,79.8},{-32.6,76.6},{-26.9,69.7},{-21.3,59.4},
6192	{-14.9,44.1},{-6.83,21.2},{10.1,-30.8},{17.3,-50.2},{23.7,-64.2},
6193	{29.3,-73.1},{35,-78.4},{40.6,-80},{46.2,-77.6},{51.9,-71.5},{
6194	57.5,-61.9},{63.9,-47.2},{72,-24.8},{80,0}}, color={0,0,0}),
6195	Text(
6196	extent={{12,84},{84,36}},
6197	lineColor={192,192,192},
6198	textString="sin")}),
6199	Diagram(coordinateSystem(
6200	preserveAspectRatio=true,
6201	extent={{-100,-100},{100,100}},
6202	grid={2,2}), graphics={
6203	Line(points={{-100,0},{84,0}}, color={95,95,95}),
6204	Polygon(
6205	points={{100,0},{84,6},{84,-6},{100,0}},
6206	lineColor={95,95,95},
6207	fillColor={95,95,95},
6208	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
6209	Line(
6210	points={{-80,0},{-68.7,34.2},{-61.5,53.1},{-55.1,66.4},{-49.4,74.6},{
6211	-43.8,79.1},{-38.2,79.8},{-32.6,76.6},{-26.9,69.7},{-21.3,59.4},{
6212	-14.9,44.1},{-6.83,21.2},{10.1,-30.8},{17.3,-50.2},{23.7,-64.2},{
6213	29.3,-73.1},{35,-78.4},{40.6,-80},{46.2,-77.6},{51.9,-71.5},{57.5,
6214	-61.9},{63.9,-47.2},{72,-24.8},{80,0}},
6215	color={0,0,255},
6216	thickness=0.5),
6217	Text(
6218	extent={{-105,72},{-85,88}},
6219	textString="1",
6220	lineColor={0,0,255}),
6221	Text(
6222	extent={{70,25},{90,5}},
6223	textString="2*pi",
6224	lineColor={0,0,255}),
6225	Text(
6226	extent={{-103,-72},{-83,-88}},
6227	textString="-1",
6228	lineColor={0,0,255}),
6229	Text(
6230	extent={{82,-6},{102,-26}},
6231	lineColor={95,95,95},
6232	textString="u"),
6233	Line(
6234	points={{-80,80},{-28,80}},
6235	color={175,175,175},
6236	smooth=Smooth.None),
6237	Line(
6238	points={{-80,-80},{50,-80}},
6239	color={175,175,175},
6240	smooth=Smooth.None)}),
6241	Documentation(info="<html>
6242	<p>
6243	This function returns y = sin(u), with -∞ < u < ∞:
6244	</p>
6245
6246	<p>
6247	<img src=\"modelica://Modelica/Resources/Images/Math/sin.png\">
6248	</p>
6249	</html>"), Library="ModelicaExternalC");
6250	end sin;
6251
6252	function cos "Cosine"
6253	extends baseIcon1;
6254	input SI.Angle u;
6255	output Real y;
6256
6257	external "builtin" y= cos(u);
6258	annotation (
6259	Icon(coordinateSystem(
6260	preserveAspectRatio=true,
6261	extent={{-100,-100},{100,100}},
6262	grid={2,2}), graphics={
6263	Line(points={{-90,0},{68,0}}, color={192,192,192}),
6264	Polygon(
6265	points={{90,0},{68,8},{68,-8},{90,0}},
6266	lineColor={192,192,192},
6267	fillColor={192,192,192},
6268	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
6269	Line(points={{-80,80},{-74.4,78.1},{-68.7,72.3},{-63.1,63},{-56.7,48.7},
6270	{-48.6,26.6},{-29.3,-32.5},{-22.1,-51.7},{-15.7,-65.3},{-10.1,-73.8},
6271	{-4.42,-78.8},{1.21,-79.9},{6.83,-77.1},{12.5,-70.6},{18.1,-60.6},
6272	{24.5,-45.7},{32.6,-23},{50.3,31.3},{57.5,50.7},{63.9,64.6},{69.5,
6273	73.4},{75.2,78.6},{80,80}}, color={0,0,0}),
6274	Text(
6275	extent={{-36,82},{36,34}},
6276	lineColor={192,192,192},
6277	textString="cos")}),
6278	Diagram(coordinateSystem(
6279	preserveAspectRatio=true,
6280	extent={{-100,-100},{100,100}},
6281	grid={2,2}), graphics={
6282	Text(
6283	extent={{-103,72},{-83,88}},
6284	textString="1",
6285	lineColor={0,0,255}),
6286	Text(
6287	extent={{-103,-72},{-83,-88}},
6288	textString="-1",
6289	lineColor={0,0,255}),
6290	Text(
6291	extent={{70,25},{90,5}},
6292	textString="2*pi",
6293	lineColor={0,0,255}),
6294	Line(points={{-100,0},{84,0}}, color={95,95,95}),
6295	Polygon(
6296	points={{98,0},{82,6},{82,-6},{98,0}},
6297	lineColor={95,95,95},
6298	fillColor={95,95,95},
6299	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
6300	Line(
6301	points={{-80,80},{-74.4,78.1},{-68.7,72.3},{-63.1,63},{-56.7,48.7},{-48.6,
6302	26.6},{-29.3,-32.5},{-22.1,-51.7},{-15.7,-65.3},{-10.1,-73.8},{-4.42,
6303	-78.8},{1.21,-79.9},{6.83,-77.1},{12.5,-70.6},{18.1,-60.6},{24.5,
6304	-45.7},{32.6,-23},{50.3,31.3},{57.5,50.7},{63.9,64.6},{69.5,73.4},
6305	{75.2,78.6},{80,80}},
6306	color={0,0,255},
6307	thickness=0.5),
6308	Text(
6309	extent={{78,-6},{98,-26}},
6310	lineColor={95,95,95},
6311	textString="u"),
6312	Line(
6313	points={{-80,-80},{18,-80}},
6314	color={175,175,175},
6315	smooth=Smooth.None)}),
6316	Documentation(info="<html>
6317	<p>
6318	This function returns y = cos(u), with -∞ < u < ∞:
6319	</p>
6320
6321	<p>
6322	<img src=\"modelica://Modelica/Resources/Images/Math/cos.png\">
6323	</p>
6324	</html>"), Library="ModelicaExternalC");
6325	end cos;
6326
6327	function tan "Tangent (u shall not be -pi/2, pi/2, 3*pi/2, ...)"
6328	extends baseIcon2;
6329	input SI.Angle u;
6330	output Real y;
6331
6332	external "builtin" y= tan(u);
6333	annotation (
6334	Icon(coordinateSystem(
6335	preserveAspectRatio=true,
6336	extent={{-100,-100},{100,100}},
6337	grid={2,2}), graphics={
6338	Line(points={{-90,0},{68,0}}, color={192,192,192}),
6339	Polygon(
6340	points={{90,0},{68,8},{68,-8},{90,0}},
6341	lineColor={192,192,192},
6342	fillColor={192,192,192},
6343	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
6344	Line(points={{-80,-80},{-78.4,-68.4},{-76.8,-59.7},{-74.4,-50},{-71.2,-40.9},
6345	{-67.1,-33},{-60.7,-24.8},{-51.1,-17.2},{-35.8,-9.98},{-4.42,-1.07},
6346	{33.4,9.12},{49.4,16.2},{59.1,23.2},{65.5,30.6},{70.4,39.1},{73.6,
6347	47.4},{76,56.1},{77.6,63.8},{80,80}}, color={0,0,0}),
6348	Text(
6349	extent={{-90,72},{-18,24}},
6350	lineColor={192,192,192},
6351	textString="tan")}),
6352	Diagram(coordinateSystem(
6353	preserveAspectRatio=true,
6354	extent={{-100,-100},{100,100}},
6355	grid={2,2}), graphics={
6356	Text(
6357	extent={{-37,-72},{-17,-88}},
6358	textString="-5.8",
6359	lineColor={0,0,255}),
6360	Text(
6361	extent={{-33,86},{-13,70}},
6362	textString=" 5.8",
6363	lineColor={0,0,255}),
6364	Text(
6365	extent={{68,-13},{88,-33}},
6366	textString="1.4",
6367	lineColor={0,0,255}),
6368	Line(points={{-100,0},{84,0}}, color={95,95,95}),
6369	Polygon(
6370	points={{98,0},{82,6},{82,-6},{98,0}},
6371	lineColor={95,95,95},
6372	fillColor={95,95,95},
6373	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
6374	Line(
6375	points={{-80,-80},{-78.4,-68.4},{-76.8,-59.7},{-74.4,-50},{-71.2,-40.9},
6376	{-67.1,-33},{-60.7,-24.8},{-51.1,-17.2},{-35.8,-9.98},{-4.42,-1.07},
6377	{33.4,9.12},{49.4,16.2},{59.1,23.2},{65.5,30.6},{70.4,39.1},{73.6,
6378	47.4},{76,56.1},{77.6,63.8},{80,80}},
6379	color={0,0,255},
6380	thickness=0.5),
6381	Text(
6382	extent={{82,22},{102,2}},
6383	lineColor={95,95,95},
6384	textString="u"),
6385	Line(
6386	points={{0,80},{86,80}},
6387	color={175,175,175},
6388	smooth=Smooth.None),
6389	Line(
6390	points={{80,88},{80,-16}},
6391	color={175,175,175},
6392	smooth=Smooth.None)}),
6393	Documentation(info="<html>
6394	<p>
6395	This function returns y = tan(u), with -∞ < u < ∞
6396	(if u is a multiple of (2n-1)*pi/2, y = tan(u) is +/- infinity).
6397	</p>
6398
6399	<p>
6400	<img src=\"modelica://Modelica/Resources/Images/Math/tan.png\">
6401	</p>
6402	</html>"), Library="ModelicaExternalC");
6403	end tan;
6404
6405	function asin "Inverse sine (-1 <= u <= 1)"
6406	extends baseIcon2;
6407	input Real u;
6408	output SI.Angle y;
6409
6410	external "builtin" y= asin(u);
6411	annotation (
6412	Icon(coordinateSystem(
6413	preserveAspectRatio=true,
6414	extent={{-100,-100},{100,100}},
6415	grid={2,2}), graphics={
6416	Line(points={{-90,0},{68,0}}, color={192,192,192}),
6417	Polygon(
6418	points={{90,0},{68,8},{68,-8},{90,0}},
6419	lineColor={192,192,192},
6420	fillColor={192,192,192},
6421	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
6422	Line(points={{-80,-80},{-79.2,-72.8},{-77.6,-67.5},{-73.6,-59.4},{-66.3,
6423	-49.8},{-53.5,-37.3},{-30.2,-19.7},{37.4,24.8},{57.5,40.8},{68.7,
6424	52.7},{75.2,62.2},{77.6,67.5},{80,80}}, color={0,0,0}),
6425	Text(
6426	extent={{-88,78},{-16,30}},
6427	lineColor={192,192,192},
6428	textString="asin")}),
6429	Diagram(coordinateSystem(
6430	preserveAspectRatio=true,
6431	extent={{-100,-100},{100,100}},
6432	grid={2,2}), graphics={
6433	Text(
6434	extent={{-40,-72},{-15,-88}},
6435	textString="-pi/2",
6436	lineColor={0,0,255}),
6437	Text(
6438	extent={{-38,88},{-13,72}},
6439	textString=" pi/2",
6440	lineColor={0,0,255}),
6441	Text(
6442	extent={{68,-9},{88,-29}},
6443	textString="+1",
6444	lineColor={0,0,255}),
6445	Text(
6446	extent={{-90,21},{-70,1}},
6447	textString="-1",
6448	lineColor={0,0,255}),
6449	Line(points={{-100,0},{84,0}}, color={95,95,95}),
6450	Polygon(
6451	points={{98,0},{82,6},{82,-6},{98,0}},
6452	lineColor={95,95,95},
6453	fillColor={95,95,95},
6454	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
6455	Line(
6456	points={{-80,-80},{-79.2,-72.8},{-77.6,-67.5},{-73.6,-59.4},{-66.3,-49.8},
6457	{-53.5,-37.3},{-30.2,-19.7},{37.4,24.8},{57.5,40.8},{68.7,52.7},{
6458	75.2,62.2},{77.6,67.5},{80,80}},
6459	color={0,0,255},
6460	thickness=0.5),
6461	Text(
6462	extent={{82,24},{102,4}},
6463	lineColor={95,95,95},
6464	textString="u"),
6465	Line(
6466	points={{0,80},{86,80}},
6467	color={175,175,175},
6468	smooth=Smooth.None),
6469	Line(
6470	points={{80,86},{80,-10}},
6471	color={175,175,175},
6472	smooth=Smooth.None)}),
6473	Documentation(info="<html>
6474	<p>
6475	This function returns y = asin(u), with -1 ≤ u ≤ +1:
6476	</p>
6477
6478	<p>
6479	<img src=\"modelica://Modelica/Resources/Images/Math/asin.png\">
6480	</p>
6481	</html>"), Library="ModelicaExternalC");
6482	end asin;
6483
6484	function cosh "Hyperbolic cosine"
6485	extends baseIcon2;
6486	input Real u;
6487	output Real y;
6488
6489	external "builtin" y= cosh(u);
6490	annotation (
6491	Icon(coordinateSystem(
6492	preserveAspectRatio=true,
6493	extent={{-100,-100},{100,100}},
6494	grid={2,2}), graphics={
6495	Line(points={{-90,-86.083},{68,-86.083}}, color={192,192,192}),
6496	Polygon(
6497	points={{90,-86.083},{68,-78.083},{68,-94.083},{90,-86.083}},
6498	lineColor={192,192,192},
6499	fillColor={192,192,192},
6500	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
6501	Line(points={{-80,80},{-77.6,61.1},{-74.4,39.3},{-71.2,20.7},{-67.1,
6502	1.29},{-63.1,-14.6},{-58.3,-29.8},{-52.7,-43.5},{-46.2,-55.1},{-39,
6503	-64.3},{-30.2,-71.7},{-18.9,-77.1},{-4.42,-79.9},{10.9,-79.1},{
6504	23.7,-75.2},{34.2,-68.7},{42.2,-60.6},{48.6,-51.2},{54.3,-40},{
6505	59.1,-27.5},{63.1,-14.6},{67.1,1.29},{71.2,20.7},{74.4,39.3},{
6506	77.6,61.1},{80,80}}, color={0,0,0}),
6507	Text(
6508	extent={{4,66},{66,20}},
6509	lineColor={192,192,192},
6510	textString="cosh")}),
6511	Diagram(coordinateSystem(
6512	preserveAspectRatio=true,
6513	extent={{-100,-100},{100,100}},
6514	grid={2,2}), graphics={
6515	Line(points={{-100,-84.083},{84,-84.083}}, color={95,95,95}),
6516	Polygon(
6517	points={{98,-84.083},{82,-78.083},{82,-90.083},{98,-84.083}},
6518	lineColor={95,95,95},
6519	fillColor={95,95,95},
6520	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
6521	Line(
6522	points={{-80,80},{-77.6,61.1},{-74.4,39.3},{-71.2,20.7},{-67.1,1.29},
6523	{-63.1,-14.6},{-58.3,-29.8},{-52.7,-43.5},{-46.2,-55.1},{-39,-64.3},
6524	{-30.2,-71.7},{-18.9,-77.1},{-4.42,-79.9},{10.9,-79.1},{23.7,-75.2},
6525	{34.2,-68.7},{42.2,-60.6},{48.6,-51.2},{54.3,-40},{59.1,-27.5},{
6526	63.1,-14.6},{67.1,1.29},{71.2,20.7},{74.4,39.3},{77.6,61.1},{80,
6527	80}},
6528	color={0,0,255},
6529	thickness=0.5),
6530	Text(
6531	extent={{-31,72},{-11,88}},
6532	textString="27",
6533	lineColor={0,0,255}),
6534	Text(
6535	extent={{64,-83},{84,-103}},
6536	textString="4",
6537	lineColor={0,0,255}),
6538	Text(
6539	extent={{-94,-63},{-74,-83}},
6540	textString="-4",
6541	lineColor={0,0,255}),
6542	Text(
6543	extent={{80,-60},{100,-80}},
6544	lineColor={95,95,95},
6545	textString="u"),
6546	Line(
6547	points={{0,80},{88,80}},
6548	color={175,175,175},
6549	smooth=Smooth.None),
6550	Line(
6551	points={{80,84},{80,-90}},
6552	color={175,175,175},
6553	smooth=Smooth.None)}),
6554	Documentation(info="<html>
6555	<p>
6556	This function returns y = cosh(u), with -∞ < u < ∞:
6557	</p>
6558
6559	<p>
6560	<img src=\"modelica://Modelica/Resources/Images/Math/cosh.png\">
6561	</p>
6562	</html>"), Library="ModelicaExternalC");
6563	end cosh;
6564
6565	function tanh "Hyperbolic tangent"
6566	extends baseIcon2;
6567	input Real u;
6568	output Real y;
6569
6570	external "builtin" y= tanh(u);
6571	annotation (
6572	Icon(coordinateSystem(
6573	preserveAspectRatio=true,
6574	extent={{-100,-100},{100,100}},
6575	grid={0.5,0.5}), graphics={
6576	Line(points={{-90,0},{68,0}}, color={192,192,192}),
6577	Polygon(
6578	points={{90,0},{68,8},{68,-8},{90,0}},
6579	lineColor={192,192,192},
6580	fillColor={192,192,192},
6581	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
6582	Line(points={{-80,-80},{-47.8,-78.7},{-35.8,-75.7},{-27.7,-70.6},{-22.1,
6583	-64.2},{-17.3,-55.9},{-12.5,-44.3},{-7.64,-29.2},{-1.21,-4.82},{
6584	6.83,26.3},{11.7,42},{16.5,54.2},{21.3,63.1},{26.9,69.9},{34.2,75},
6585	{45.4,78.4},{72,79.9},{80,80}}, color={0,0,0}),
6586	Text(
6587	extent={{-88,72},{-16,24}},
6588	lineColor={192,192,192},
6589	textString="tanh")}),
6590	Diagram(coordinateSystem(
6591	preserveAspectRatio=true,
6592	extent={{-100,-100},{100,100}},
6593	grid={0.5,0.5}), graphics={
6594	Line(points={{-100,0},{84,0}}, color={95,95,95}),
6595	Polygon(
6596	points={{96,0},{80,6},{80,-6},{96,0}},
6597	lineColor={95,95,95},
6598	fillColor={95,95,95},
6599	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
6600	Line(
6601	points={{-80,-80.5},{-47.8,-79.2},{-35.8,-76.2},{-27.7,-71.1},{-22.1,
6602	-64.7},{-17.3,-56.4},{-12.5,-44.8},{-7.64,-29.7},{-1.21,-5.32},{
6603	6.83,25.8},{11.7,41.5},{16.5,53.7},{21.3,62.6},{26.9,69.4},{34.2,
6604	74.5},{45.4,77.9},{72,79.4},{80,79.5}},
6605	color={0,0,255},
6606	thickness=0.5),
6607	Text(
6608	extent={{-29,72},{-9,88}},
6609	textString="1",
6610	lineColor={0,0,255}),
6611	Text(
6612	extent={{3,-72},{23,-88}},
6613	textString="-1",
6614	lineColor={0,0,255}),
6615	Text(
6616	extent={{82,-2},{102,-22}},
6617	lineColor={95,95,95},
6618	textString="u"),
6619	Line(
6620	points={{0,80},{88,80}},
6621	color={175,175,175},
6622	smooth=Smooth.None)}),
6623	Documentation(info="<html>
6624	<p>
6625	This function returns y = tanh(u), with -∞ < u < ∞:
6626	</p>
6627
6628	<p>
6629	<img src=\"modelica://Modelica/Resources/Images/Math/tanh.png\">
6630	</p>
6631	</html>"), Library="ModelicaExternalC");
6632	end tanh;
6633
6634	function exp "Exponential, base e"
6635	extends baseIcon2;
6636	input Real u;
6637	output Real y;
6638
6639	external "builtin" y= exp(u);
6640	annotation (
6641	Icon(coordinateSystem(
6642	preserveAspectRatio=true,
6643	extent={{-100,-100},{100,100}},
6644	grid={2,2}), graphics={
6645	Line(points={{-90,-80.3976},{68,-80.3976}}, color={192,192,192}),
6646	Polygon(
6647	points={{90,-80.3976},{68,-72.3976},{68,-88.3976},{90,-80.3976}},
6648	lineColor={192,192,192},
6649	fillColor={192,192,192},
6650	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
6651	Line(points={{-80,-80},{-31,-77.9},{-6.03,-74},{10.9,-68.4},{23.7,-61},
6652	{34.2,-51.6},{43,-40.3},{50.3,-27.8},{56.7,-13.5},{62.3,2.23},{
6653	67.1,18.6},{72,38.2},{76,57.6},{80,80}}, color={0,0,0}),
6654	Text(
6655	extent={{-86,50},{-14,2}},
6656	lineColor={192,192,192},
6657	textString="exp")}),
6658	Diagram(coordinateSystem(
6659	preserveAspectRatio=true,
6660	extent={{-100,-100},{100,100}},
6661	grid={2,2}), graphics={
6662	Line(points={{-100,-80.3976},{84,-80.3976}}, color={95,95,95}),
6663	Polygon(
6664	points={{98,-80.3976},{82,-74.3976},{82,-86.3976},{98,-80.3976}},
6665	lineColor={95,95,95},
6666	fillColor={95,95,95},
6667	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
6668	Line(
6669	points={{-80,-80},{-31,-77.9},{-6.03,-74},{10.9,-68.4},{23.7,-61},{
6670	34.2,-51.6},{43,-40.3},{50.3,-27.8},{56.7,-13.5},{62.3,2.23},{
6671	67.1,18.6},{72,38.2},{76,57.6},{80,80}},
6672	color={0,0,255},
6673	thickness=0.5),
6674	Text(
6675	extent={{-31,72},{-11,88}},
6676	textString="20",
6677	lineColor={0,0,255}),
6678	Text(
6679	extent={{-92,-81},{-72,-101}},
6680	textString="-3",
6681	lineColor={0,0,255}),
6682	Text(
6683	extent={{66,-81},{86,-101}},
6684	textString="3",
6685	lineColor={0,0,255}),
6686	Text(
6687	extent={{2,-69},{22,-89}},
6688	textString="1",
6689	lineColor={0,0,255}),
6690	Text(
6691	extent={{78,-54},{98,-74}},
6692	lineColor={95,95,95},
6693	textString="u"),
6694	Line(
6695	points={{0,80},{88,80}},
6696	color={175,175,175},
6697	smooth=Smooth.None),
6698	Line(
6699	points={{80,84},{80,-84}},
6700	color={175,175,175},
6701	smooth=Smooth.None)}),
6702	Documentation(info="<html>
6703	<p>
6704	This function returns y = exp(u), with -∞ < u < ∞:
6705	</p>
6706
6707	<p>
6708	<img src=\"modelica://Modelica/Resources/Images/Math/exp.png\">
6709	</p>
6710	</html>"), Library="ModelicaExternalC");
6711	end exp;
6712
6713	function log "Natural (base e) logarithm (u shall be > 0)"
6714	extends baseIcon1;
6715	input Real u;
6716	output Real y;
6717
6718	external "builtin" y= log(u);
6719	annotation (
6720	Icon(coordinateSystem(
6721	preserveAspectRatio=true,
6722	extent={{-100,-100},{100,100}},
6723	grid={2,2}), graphics={
6724	Line(points={{-90,0},{68,0}}, color={192,192,192}),
6725	Polygon(
6726	points={{90,0},{68,8},{68,-8},{90,0}},
6727	lineColor={192,192,192},
6728	fillColor={192,192,192},
6729	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
6730	Line(points={{-80,-80},{-79.2,-50.6},{-78.4,-37},{-77.6,-28},{-76.8,-21.3},
6731	{-75.2,-11.4},{-72.8,-1.31},{-69.5,8.08},{-64.7,17.9},{-57.5,28},
6732	{-47,38.1},{-31.8,48.1},{-10.1,58},{22.1,68},{68.7,78.1},{80,80}},
6733	color={0,0,0}),
6734	Text(
6735	extent={{-6,-24},{66,-72}},
6736	lineColor={192,192,192},
6737	textString="log")}),
6738	Diagram(coordinateSystem(
6739	preserveAspectRatio=true,
6740	extent={{-100,-100},{100,100}},
6741	grid={2,2}), graphics={
6742	Line(points={{-100,0},{84,0}}, color={95,95,95}),
6743	Polygon(
6744	points={{100,0},{84,6},{84,-6},{100,0}},
6745	lineColor={95,95,95},
6746	fillColor={95,95,95},
6747	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
6748	Line(
6749	points={{-78,-80},{-77.2,-50.6},{-76.4,-37},{-75.6,-28},{-74.8,-21.3},
6750	{-73.2,-11.4},{-70.8,-1.31},{-67.5,8.08},{-62.7,17.9},{-55.5,28},
6751	{-45,38.1},{-29.8,48.1},{-8.1,58},{24.1,68},{70.7,78.1},{82,80}},
6752	color={0,0,255},
6753	thickness=0.5),
6754	Text(
6755	extent={{-105,72},{-85,88}},
6756	textString="3",
6757	lineColor={0,0,255}),
6758	Text(
6759	extent={{60,-3},{80,-23}},
6760	textString="20",
6761	lineColor={0,0,255}),
6762	Text(
6763	extent={{-78,-7},{-58,-27}},
6764	textString="1",
6765	lineColor={0,0,255}),
6766	Text(
6767	extent={{84,26},{104,6}},
6768	lineColor={95,95,95},
6769	textString="u"),
6770	Text(
6771	extent={{-100,9},{-80,-11}},
6772	textString="0",
6773	lineColor={0,0,255}),
6774	Line(
6775	points={{-80,80},{84,80}},
6776	color={175,175,175},
6777	smooth=Smooth.None),
6778	Line(
6779	points={{82,82},{82,-6}},
6780	color={175,175,175},
6781	smooth=Smooth.None)}),
6782	Documentation(info="<html>
6783	<p>
6784	This function returns y = log(10) (the natural logarithm of u),
6785	with u > 0:
6786	</p>
6787
6788	<p>
6789	<img src=\"modelica://Modelica/Resources/Images/Math/log.png\">
6790	</p>
6791	</html>"), Library="ModelicaExternalC");
6792	end log;
6793
6794	partial function baseIcon1
6795	"Basic icon for mathematical function with y-axis on left side"
6796
6797	annotation (Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-100,
6798	-100},{100,100}}), graphics={
6799	Rectangle(
6800	extent={{-100,100},{100,-100}},
6801	lineColor={0,0,0},
6802	fillColor={255,255,255},
6803	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
6804	Line(points={{-80,-80},{-80,68}}, color={192,192,192}),
6805	Polygon(
6806	points={{-80,90},{-88,68},{-72,68},{-80,90}},
6807	lineColor={192,192,192},
6808	fillColor={192,192,192},
6809	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
6810	Text(
6811	extent={{-150,150},{150,110}},
6812	textString="%name",
6813	lineColor={0,0,255})}), Diagram(
6814	coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-100,-100},{100,
6815	100}}), graphics={
6816	Line(points={{-80,80},{-88,80}}, color={95,95,95}),
6817	Line(points={{-80,-80},{-88,-80}}, color={95,95,95}),
6818	Line(points={{-80,-90},{-80,84}}, color={95,95,95}),
6819	Text(
6820	extent={{-75,104},{-55,84}},
6821	lineColor={95,95,95},
6822	textString="y"),
6823	Polygon(
6824	points={{-80,98},{-86,82},{-74,82},{-80,98}},
6825	lineColor={95,95,95},
6826	fillColor={95,95,95},
6827	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid)}),
6828	Documentation(info="<html>
6829	<p>
6830	Icon for a mathematical function, consisting of an y-axis on the left side.
6831	It is expected, that an x-axis is added and a plot of the function.
6832	</p>
6833	</html>"));
6834	end baseIcon1;
6835
6836	partial function baseIcon2
6837	"Basic icon for mathematical function with y-axis in middle"
6838
6839	annotation (Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-100,
6840	-100},{100,100}}), graphics={
6841	Rectangle(
6842	extent={{-100,100},{100,-100}},
6843	lineColor={0,0,0},
6844	fillColor={255,255,255},
6845	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
6846	Line(points={{0,-80},{0,68}}, color={192,192,192}),
6847	Polygon(
6848	points={{0,90},{-8,68},{8,68},{0,90}},
6849	lineColor={192,192,192},
6850	fillColor={192,192,192},
6851	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
6852	Text(
6853	extent={{-150,150},{150,110}},
6854	textString="%name",
6855	lineColor={0,0,255})}), Diagram(graphics={
6856	Line(points={{0,80},{-8,80}}, color={95,95,95}),
6857	Line(points={{0,-80},{-8,-80}}, color={95,95,95}),
6858	Line(points={{0,-90},{0,84}}, color={95,95,95}),
6859	Text(
6860	extent={{5,104},{25,84}},
6861	lineColor={95,95,95},
6862	textString="y"),
6863	Polygon(
6864	points={{0,98},{-6,82},{6,82},{0,98}},
6865	lineColor={95,95,95},
6866	fillColor={95,95,95},
6867	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid)}),
6868	Documentation(info="<html>
6869	<p>
6870	Icon for a mathematical function, consisting of an y-axis in the middle.
6871	It is expected, that an x-axis is added and a plot of the function.
6872	</p>
6873	</html>"));
6874	end baseIcon2;
6875	annotation (
6876	Invisible=true,
6877	Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-100,-100},{100,100}}),
6878	graphics={Text(
6879	extent={{-59,-9},{42,-56}},
6880	lineColor={0,0,0},
6881	textString="f(x)")}),
6882	Documentation(info="<HTML>
6883	<p>
6884	This package contains <b>basic mathematical functions</b> (such as sin(..)),
6885	as well as functions operating on
6886	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Math.Vectors\">vectors</a>,
6887	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Math.Matrices\">matrices</a>,
6888	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Math.Nonlinear\">nonlinear functions</a>, and
6889	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Math.BooleanVectors\">Boolean vectors</a>.
6890	</p>
6891
6892	<dl>
6893	<dt><b>Main Authors:</b>
6894	<dd><a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a> and
6895	Marcus Baur<br>
6896	Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR)<br>
6897	Institut für Robotik und Mechatronik<br>
6898	Postfach 1116<br>
6899	D-82230 Wessling<br>
6900	Germany<br>
6901	email: <A HREF=\"mailto:Martin.Otter@dlr.de\">Martin.Otter@dlr.de</A><br>
6902	</dl>
6903
6904	<p>
6905	Copyright © 1998-2010, Modelica Association and DLR.
6906	</p>
6907	<p>
6908	<i>This Modelica package is <u>free</u> software and the use is completely at <u>your own risk</u>; it can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms of the Modelica License 2. For license conditions (including the disclaimer of warranty) see <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.UsersGuide.ModelicaLicense2\">Modelica.UsersGuide.ModelicaLicense2</a> or visit <a href=\"http://www.modelica.org/licenses/ModelicaLicense2\"> http://www.modelica.org/licenses/ModelicaLicense2</a>.</i>
6909	</p>
6910	</HTML>
6911	", revisions="<html>
6912	<ul>
6913	<li><i>October 21, 2002</i>
6914	by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a>
6915	and <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Christian.Schweiger/\">Christian Schweiger</a>:<br>
6916	Function tempInterpol2 added.</li>
6917	<li><i>Oct. 24, 1999</i>
6918	by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a>:<br>
6919	Icons for icon and diagram level introduced.</li>
6920	<li><i>June 30, 1999</i>
6921	by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a>:<br>
6922	Realized.</li>
6923	</ul>
6924
6925	</html>"));
6926	end Math;
6927
6928	package Utilities
6929	"Library of utility functions dedicated to scripting (operating on files, streams, strings, system)"
6930	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
6931
6932	package Streams "Read from files and write to files"
6933	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
6934
6935	function error "Print error message and cancel all actions"
6936	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
6937	input String string "String to be printed to error message window";
6938	external "C" ModelicaError(string);
6939	annotation (Library="ModelicaExternalC",
6940	Documentation(info="<html>
6941	<h4>Syntax</h4>
6942	<blockquote><pre>
6943	Streams.<b>error</b>(string);
6944	</pre></blockquote>
6945	<h4>Description</h4>
6946	<p>
6947	Print the string \"string\" as error message and
6948	cancel all actions. Line breaks are characterized
6949	by \"\\n\" in the string.
6950	</p>
6951	<h4>Example</h4>
6952	<blockquote><pre>
6953	Streams.error(\"x (= \" + String(x) + \")\\nhas to be in the range 0 .. 1\");
6954	</pre></blockquote>
6955	<h4>See also</h4>
6956	<p>
6957	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Streams\">Streams</a>,
6958	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Streams.print\">Streams.print</a>,
6959	<a href=\"modelica://ModelicaReference.Operators.string\">String</a>
6960	</p>
6961	</html>"));
6962	end error;
6963	annotation (
6964	Documentation(info="<HTML>
6965	<h4>Library content</h4>
6966	<p>
6967	Package <b>Streams</b> contains functions to input and output strings
6968	to a message window or on files. Note that a string is interpreted
6969	and displayed as html text (e.g., with print(..) or error(..))
6970	if it is enclosed with the Modelica html quotation, e.g.,
6971	</p>
6972	<center>
6973	string = \"<html> first line <br> second line </html>\".
6974	</center>
6975	<p>
6976	It is a quality of implementation, whether (a) all tags of html are supported
6977	or only a subset, (b) how html tags are interpreted if the output device
6978	does not allow to display formatted text.
6979	</p>
6980	<p>
6981	In the table below an example call to every function is given:
6982	</p>
6983	<table border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2>
6984	<tr><th><b><i>Function/type</i></b></th><th><b><i>Description</i></b></th></tr>
6985	<tr><td valign=\"top\"><a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Streams.print\">print</a>(string)<br>
6986	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Streams.print\">print</a>(string,fileName)</td>
6987	<td valign=\"top\"> Print string \"string\" or vector of strings to message window or on
6988	file \"fileName\".</td>
6989	</tr>
6990	<tr><td valign=\"top\">stringVector =
6991	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Streams.readFile\">readFile</a>(fileName)</td>
6992	<td valign=\"top\"> Read complete text file and return it as a vector of strings.</td>
6993	</tr>
6994	<tr><td valign=\"top\">(string, endOfFile) =
6995	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Streams.readLine\">readLine</a>(fileName, lineNumber)</td>
6996	<td valign=\"top\">Returns from the file the content of line lineNumber.</td>
6997	</tr>
6998	<tr><td valign=\"top\">lines =
6999	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Streams.countLines\">countLines</a>(fileName)</td>
7000	<td valign=\"top\">Returns the number of lines in a file.</td>
7001	</tr>
7002	<tr><td valign=\"top\"><a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Streams.error\">error</a>(string)</td>
7003	<td valign=\"top\"> Print error message \"string\" to message window
7004	and cancel all actions</td>
7005	</tr>
7006	<tr><td valign=\"top\"><a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Streams.close\">close</a>(fileName)</td>
7007	<td valign=\"top\"> Close file if it is still open. Ignore call if
7008	file is already closed or does not exist. </td>
7009	</tr>
7010	</table>
7011	<p>
7012	Use functions <b>scanXXX</b> from package
7013	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings\">Strings</a>
7014	to parse a string.
7015	</p>
7016	<p>
7017	If Real, Integer or Boolean values shall be printed
7018	or used in an error message, they have to be first converted
7019	to strings with the builtin operator
7020	<a href=\"modelica://ModelicaReference.Operators.string\">String</a>(...).
7021	Example:
7022	</p>
7023	<pre>
7024	<b>if</b> x < 0 <b>or</b> x > 1 <b>then</b>
7025	Streams.error(\"x (= \" + String(x) + \") has to be in the range 0 .. 1\");
7026	<b>end if</b>;
7027	</pre>
7028	</HTML>
7029	"));
7030	end Streams;
7031
7032	package Strings "Operations on strings"
7033	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
7034
7035	function compare "Compare two strings lexicographically"
7036	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
7037	input String string1;
7038	input String string2;
7039	input Boolean caseSensitive=true
7040	"= false, if case of letters is ignored";
7041	output Modelica.Utilities.Types.Compare result "Result of comparison";
7042	external "C" result = ModelicaStrings_compare(string1, string2, caseSensitive);
7043	annotation (Library="ModelicaExternalC", Documentation(info="<html>
7044	<h4>Syntax</h4>
7045	<blockquote><pre>
7046	result = Strings.<b>compare</b>(string1, string2);
7047	result = Strings.<b>compare</b>(string1, string2, caseSensitive=true);
7048	</pre></blockquote>
7049	<h4>Description</h4>
7050	<p>
7051	Compares two strings. If the optional argument caseSensitive=false,
7052	upper case letters are treated as if they would be lower case letters.
7053	The result of the comparison is returned as:
7054	</p>
7055	<pre>
7056	result = Modelica.Utilities.Types.Compare.Less // string1 < string2
7057	= Modelica.Utilities.Types.Compare.Equal // string1 = string2
7058	= Modelica.Utilities.Types.Compare.Greater // string1 > string2
7059	</pre>
7060	<p>
7061	Comparison is with regards to lexicographical order,
7062	e.g., \"a\" < \"b\";
7063	</p>
7064	</html>"));
7065	end compare;
7066
7067	function isEqual "Determine whether two strings are identical"
7068	extends Modelica.Icons.Function;
7069	input String string1;
7070	input String string2;
7071	input Boolean caseSensitive=true
7072	"= false, if lower and upper case are ignored for the comparison";
7073	output Boolean identical "True, if string1 is identical to string2";
7074	algorithm
7075	identical :=compare(string1, string2, caseSensitive) == Types.Compare.Equal;
7076	annotation (
7077	Documentation(info="<html>
7078	<h4>Syntax</h4>
7079	<blockquote><pre>
7080	Strings.<b>isEqual</b>(string1, string2);
7081	Strings.<b>isEqual</b>(string1, string2, caseSensitive=true);
7082	</pre></blockquote>
7083	<h4>Description</h4>
7084	<p>
7085	Compare whether two strings are identical,
7086	optionally ignoring case.
7087	</p>
7088	</html>"));
7089	end isEqual;
7090	annotation (
7091	Documentation(info="<HTML>
7092	<h4>Library content</h4>
7093	<p>
7094	Package <b>Strings</b> contains functions to manipulate strings.
7095	</p>
7096	<p>
7097	In the table below an example
7098	call to every function is given using the <b>default</b> options.
7099	</p>
7100	<table border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2>
7101	<tr><th><b><i>Function</i></b></th><th><b><i>Description</i></b></th></tr>
7102	<tr><td valign=\"top\">len = <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings.length\">length</a>(string)</td>
7103	<td valign=\"top\">Returns length of string</td></tr>
7104	<tr><td valign=\"top\">string2 = <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings.substring\">substring</a>(string1,startIndex,endIndex)
7105	</td>
7106	<td valign=\"top\">Returns a substring defined by start and end index</td></tr>
7107	<tr><td valign=\"top\">result = <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings.repeat\">repeat</a>(n)<br>
7108	result = <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings.repeat\">repeat</a>(n,string)</td>
7109	<td valign=\"top\">Repeat a blank or a string n times.</td></tr>
7110	<tr><td valign=\"top\">result = <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings.compare\">compare</a>(string1, string2)</td>
7111	<td valign=\"top\">Compares two substrings with regards to alphabetical order</td></tr>
7112	<tr><td valign=\"top\">identical =
7113	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings.isEqual\">isEqual</a>(string1,string2)</td>
7114	<td valign=\"top\">Determine whether two strings are identical</td></tr>
7115	<tr><td valign=\"top\">result = <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings.count\">count</a>(string,searchString)</td>
7116	<td valign=\"top\">Count the number of occurrences of a string</td></tr>
7117	<tr>
7118	<td valign=\"top\">index = <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings.find\">find</a>(string,searchString)</td>
7119	<td valign=\"top\">Find first occurrence of a string in another string</td></tr>
7120	<tr>
7121	<td valign=\"top\">index = <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings.findLast\">findLast</a>(string,searchString)</td>
7122	<td valign=\"top\">Find last occurrence of a string in another string</td></tr>
7123	<tr><td valign=\"top\">string2 = <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings.replace\">replace</a>(string,searchString,replaceString)</td>
7124	<td valign=\"top\">Replace one or all occurrences of a string</td></tr>
7125	<tr><td valign=\"top\">stringVector2 = <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings.sort\">sort</a>(stringVector1)</td>
7126	<td valign=\"top\">Sort vector of strings in alphabetic order</td></tr>
7127	<tr><td valign=\"top\">(token, index) = <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings.scanToken\">scanToken</a>(string,startIndex)</td>
7128	<td valign=\"top\">Scan for a token (Real/Integer/Boolean/String/Identifier/Delimiter/NoToken)</td></tr>
7129	<tr><td valign=\"top\">(number, index) = <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings.scanReal\">scanReal</a>(string,startIndex)</td>
7130	<td valign=\"top\">Scan for a Real constant</td></tr>
7131	<tr><td valign=\"top\">(number, index) = <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings.scanInteger\">scanInteger</a>(string,startIndex)</td>
7132	<td valign=\"top\">Scan for an Integer constant</td></tr>
7133	<tr><td valign=\"top\">(boolean, index) = <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings.scanBoolean\">scanBoolean</a>(string,startIndex)</td>
7134	<td valign=\"top\">Scan for a Boolean constant</td></tr>
7135	<tr><td valign=\"top\">(string2, index) = <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings.scanString\">scanString</a>(string,startIndex)</td>
7136	<td valign=\"top\">Scan for a String constant</td></tr>
7137	<tr><td valign=\"top\">(identifier, index) = <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings.scanIdentifier\">scanIdentifier</a>(string,startIndex)</td>
7138	<td valign=\"top\">Scan for an identifier</td></tr>
7139	<tr><td valign=\"top\">(delimiter, index) = <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings.scanDelimiter\">scanDelimiter</a>(string,startIndex)</td>
7140	<td valign=\"top\">Scan for delimiters</td></tr>
7141	<tr><td valign=\"top\"><a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings.scanNoToken\">scanNoToken</a>(string,startIndex)</td>
7142	<td valign=\"top\">Check that remaining part of string consists solely of <br>
7143	white space or line comments (\"// ...\\n\").</td></tr>
7144	<tr><td valign=\"top\"><a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings.syntaxError\">syntaxError</a>(string,index,message)</td>
7145	<td valign=\"top\"> Print a \"syntax error message\" as well as a string and the <br>
7146	index at which scanning detected an error</td></tr>
7147	</table>
7148	<p>
7149	The functions \"compare\", \"isEqual\", \"count\", \"find\", \"findLast\", \"replace\", \"sort\"
7150	have the optional
7151	input argument <b>caseSensitive</b> with default <b>true</b>.
7152	If <b>false</b>, the operation is carried out without taking
7153	into account whether a character is upper or lower case.
7154	</p>
7155	</HTML>"));
7156	end Strings;
7157
7158	package Types "Type definitions used in package Modelica.Utilities"
7159	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
7160
7161	type Compare = enumeration(
7162	Less "String 1 is lexicographically less than string 2",
7163	Equal "String 1 is identical to string 2",
7164	Greater "String 1 is lexicographically greater than string 2")
7165	"Enumeration defining comparision of two strings";
7166	annotation (Documentation(info="<html>
7167	<p>
7168	This package contains type definitions used in Modelica.Utilities.
7169	</p>
7170
7171	</html>"));
7172	end Types;
7173	annotation (
7174	Documentation(info="<html>
7175	<p>
7176	This package contains Modelica <b>functions</b> that are
7177	especially suited for <b>scripting</b>. The functions might
7178	be used to work with strings, read data from file, write data
7179	to file or copy, move and remove files.
7180	</p>
7181	<p>
7182	For an introduction, have especially a look at:
7183	</p>
7184	<ul>
7185	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.UsersGuide\">Modelica.Utilities.User's Guide</a>
7186	discusses the most important aspects of this library.</li>
7187	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Examples\">Modelica.Utilities.Examples</a>
7188	contains examples that demonstrate the usage of this library.</li>
7189	</ul>
7190	<p>
7191	The following main sublibraries are available:
7192	</p>
7193	<ul>
7194	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Files\">Files</a>
7195	provides functions to operate on files and directories, e.g.,
7196	to copy, move, remove files.</li>
7197	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Streams\">Streams</a>
7198	provides functions to read from files and write to files.</li>
7199	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.Strings\">Strings</a>
7200	provides functions to operate on strings. E.g.
7201	substring, find, replace, sort, scanToken.</li>
7202	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Utilities.System\">System</a>
7203	provides functions to interact with the environment.
7204	E.g., get or set the working directory or environment
7205	variables and to send a command to the default shell.</li>
7206	</ul>
7207
7208	<p>
7209	Copyright © 1998-2010, Modelica Association, DLR, and Dassault Systèmes AB.
7210	</p>
7211
7212	<p>
7213	<i>This Modelica package is <u>free</u> software and the use is completely at <u>your own risk</u>; it can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms of the Modelica License 2. For license conditions (including the disclaimer of warranty) see <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.UsersGuide.ModelicaLicense2\">Modelica.UsersGuide.ModelicaLicense2</a> or visit <a href=\"http://www.modelica.org/licenses/ModelicaLicense2\"> http://www.modelica.org/licenses/ModelicaLicense2</a>.</i>
7214	</p>
7215
7216	</html>
7217	"));
7218	end Utilities;
7219
7220	package Constants
7221	"Library of mathematical constants and constants of nature (e.g., pi, eps, R, sigma)"
7222	import SI = Modelica.SIunits;
7223	import NonSI = Modelica.SIunits.Conversions.NonSIunits;
7224	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
7225
7226	final constant Real pi=2*Modelica.Math.asin(1.0);
7227
7228	final constant Real eps=1.e-15 "Biggest number such that 1.0 + eps = 1.0";
7229
7230	final constant Real small=1.e-60
7231	"Smallest number such that small and -small are representable on the machine";
7232
7233	final constant Real R(final unit="J/(mol.K)") = 8.314472
7234	"Molar gas constant";
7235
7236	final constant Real sigma(final unit="W/(m2.K4)") = 5.670400e-8
7237	"Stefan-Boltzmann constant";
7238
7239	final constant NonSI.Temperature_degC T_zero=-273.15
7240	"Absolute zero temperature";
7241	annotation (
7242	Documentation(info="<html>
7243	<p>
7244	This package provides often needed constants from mathematics, machine
7245	dependent constants and constants from nature. The latter constants
7246	(name, value, description) are from the following source:
7247	</p>
7248
7249	<dl>
7250	<dt>Peter J. Mohr and Barry N. Taylor (1999):</dt>
7251	<dd><b>CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants: 1998</b>.
7252	Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, Vol. 28, No. 6, 1999 and
7253	Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 72, No. 2, 2000. See also <a href=
7254	\"http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants/\">http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants/</a></dd>
7255	</dl>
7256
7257	<p>CODATA is the Committee on Data for Science and Technology.</p>
7258
7259	<dl>
7260	<dt><b>Main Author:</b></dt>
7261	<dd><a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a><br>
7262	Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)<br>
7263	Oberpfaffenhofen<br>
7264	Postfach 11 16<br>
7265	D-82230 Weßling<br>
7266	email: <a href=\"mailto:Martin.Otter@dlr.de\">Martin.Otter@dlr.de</a></dd>
7267	</dl>
7268
7269	<p>
7270	Copyright © 1998-2010, Modelica Association and DLR.
7271	</p>
7272	<p>
7273	<i>This Modelica package is <u>free</u> software and the use is completely at <u>your own risk</u>; it can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms of the Modelica License 2. For license conditions (including the disclaimer of warranty) see <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.UsersGuide.ModelicaLicense2\">Modelica.UsersGuide.ModelicaLicense2</a> or visit <a href=\"http://www.modelica.org/licenses/ModelicaLicense2\"> http://www.modelica.org/licenses/ModelicaLicense2</a>.</i>
7274	</p>
7275	</html>
7276	", revisions="<html>
7277	<ul>
7278	<li><i>Nov 8, 2004</i>
7279	by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Christian.Schweiger/\">Christian Schweiger</a>:<br>
7280	Constants updated according to 2002 CODATA values.</li>
7281	<li><i>Dec 9, 1999</i>
7282	by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a>:<br>
7283	Constants updated according to 1998 CODATA values. Using names, values
7284	and description text from this source. Included magnetic and
7285	electric constant.</li>
7286	<li><i>Sep 18, 1999</i>
7287	by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a>:<br>
7288	Constants eps, inf, small introduced.</li>
7289	<li><i>Nov 15, 1997</i>
7290	by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a>:<br>
7291	Realized.</li>
7292	</ul>
7293	</html>"),
7294	Invisible=true,
7295	Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-100,-100},{100,
7296	100}}), graphics={
7297	Line(
7298	points={{-34,-38},{12,-38}},
7299	color={0,0,0},
7300	thickness=0.5),
7301	Line(
7302	points={{-20,-38},{-24,-48},{-28,-56},{-34,-64}},
7303	color={0,0,0},
7304	thickness=0.5),
7305	Line(
7306	points={{-2,-38},{2,-46},{8,-56},{14,-64}},
7307	color={0,0,0},
7308	thickness=0.5)}),
7309	Diagram(graphics={
7310	Rectangle(
7311	extent={{200,162},{380,312}},
7312	fillColor={235,235,235},
7313	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,
7314	lineColor={0,0,255}),
7315	Polygon(
7316	points={{200,312},{220,332},{400,332},{380,312},{200,312}},
7317	fillColor={235,235,235},
7318	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,
7319	lineColor={0,0,255}),
7320	Polygon(
7321	points={{400,332},{400,182},{380,162},{380,312},{400,332}},
7322	fillColor={235,235,235},
7323	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,
7324	lineColor={0,0,255}),
7325	Text(
7326	extent={{210,302},{370,272}},
7327	lineColor={160,160,164},
7328	textString="Library"),
7329	Line(
7330	points={{266,224},{312,224}},
7331	color={0,0,0},
7332	thickness=1),
7333	Line(
7334	points={{280,224},{276,214},{272,206},{266,198}},
7335	color={0,0,0},
7336	thickness=1),
7337	Line(
7338	points={{298,224},{302,216},{308,206},{314,198}},
7339	color={0,0,0},
7340	thickness=1),
7341	Text(
7342	extent={{152,412},{458,334}},
7343	lineColor={255,0,0},
7344	textString="Modelica.Constants")}));
7345	end Constants;
7346
7347	package Icons "Library of icons"
7348	extends Icons.Package;
7349
7350	partial package Package "Icon for standard packages"
7351
7352	annotation (Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=false, extent={{-100,
7353	-100},{100,100}}), graphics={Rectangle(
7354	extent={{-80,100},{100,-80}},
7355	lineColor={0,0,0},
7356	fillColor={215,230,240},
7357	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid), Rectangle(
7358	extent={{-100,80},{80,-100}},
7359	lineColor={0,0,0},
7360	fillColor={240,240,240},
7361	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid)}),
7362	Documentation(info="<html>
7363	<p>Standard package icon.</p>
7364	</html>"));
7365	end Package;
7366
7367	partial package BasesPackage "Icon for packages containing base classes"
7368	//extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
7369	annotation (Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=false, extent={{-100,
7370	-100},{100,100}}), graphics={Rectangle(
7371	extent={{-80,100},{100,-80}},
7372	lineColor={0,0,0},
7373	fillColor={215,230,240},
7374	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid), Rectangle(
7375	extent={{-100,80},{80,-100}},
7376	lineColor={0,0,0},
7377	fillColor={240,240,240},
7378	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
7379	Ellipse(
7380	extent={{-30,10},{10,-30}},
7381	lineColor={0,0,0},
7382	fillColor={255,255,255},
7383	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid)}),
7384	Documentation(info="<html>
7385	<p>This icon shall be used for a package/library that contains base models and classes, respectively.</p>
7386	</html>"));
7387	end BasesPackage;
7388
7389	partial package InterfacesPackage "Icon for packages containing interfaces"
7390	//extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
7391	annotation (Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=false, extent={{-100,
7392	-100},{100,100}}), graphics={Rectangle(
7393	extent={{-80,100},{100,-80}},
7394	lineColor={0,0,0},
7395	fillColor={215,230,240},
7396	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid), Rectangle(
7397	extent={{-100,80},{80,-100}},
7398	lineColor={0,0,0},
7399	fillColor={240,240,240},
7400	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
7401	Polygon(
7402	points={{0,50},{20,50},{50,10},{80,10},{80,-30},{50,-30},{20,-70},{
7403	0,-70},{0,50}},
7404	lineColor={0,0,0},
7405	smooth=Smooth.None,
7406	fillColor={215,215,215},
7407	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
7408	Polygon(
7409	points={{-100,10},{-70,10},{-40,50},{-20,50},{-20,-70},{-40,-70},{
7410	-70,-30},{-100,-30},{-100,10}},
7411	lineColor={0,0,0},
7412	smooth=Smooth.None,
7413	fillColor={215,230,240},
7414	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid)}),
7415	Documentation(info="<html>
7416	<p>This icon indicates packages containing interfaces.</p>
7417	</html>"));
7418	end InterfacesPackage;
7419
7420	partial package SourcesPackage "Icon for packages containing sources"
7421	//extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
7422	annotation (Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=false, extent={{-100,
7423	-100},{100,100}}), graphics={Rectangle(
7424	extent={{-80,100},{100,-80}},
7425	lineColor={0,0,0},
7426	fillColor={215,230,240},
7427	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid), Rectangle(
7428	extent={{-100,80},{80,-100}},
7429	lineColor={0,0,0},
7430	fillColor={240,240,240},
7431	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
7432	Polygon(
7433	points={{-28,12},{-28,-40},{36,-14},{-28,12}},
7434	lineColor={0,0,0},
7435	smooth=Smooth.None,
7436	fillColor={255,255,255},
7437	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
7438	Line(
7439	points={{-28,-14},{-68,-14}},
7440	color={0,0,0},
7441	smooth=Smooth.None)}),
7442	Documentation(info="<html>
7443	<p>This icon indicates a package which contains sources.</p>
7444	</html>"));
7445	end SourcesPackage;
7446
7447	partial package MaterialPropertiesPackage
7448	"Icon for package containing property classes"
7449	//extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
7450	annotation (Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=false, extent={{-100,
7451	-100},{100,100}}), graphics={Rectangle(
7452	extent={{-80,100},{100,-80}},
7453	lineColor={0,0,0},
7454	fillColor={215,230,240},
7455	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid), Rectangle(
7456	extent={{-100,80},{80,-100}},
7457	lineColor={0,0,0},
7458	fillColor={240,240,240},
7459	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
7460	Ellipse(
7461	extent={{-68,50},{52,-70}},
7462	lineColor={0,0,0},
7463	fillPattern=FillPattern.Sphere,
7464	fillColor={215,230,240})}),
7465	Documentation(info="<html>
7466	<p>This icon indicates a package that contains properties</p>
7467	</html>"));
7468	end MaterialPropertiesPackage;
7469
7470	partial class MaterialProperty "Icon for property classes"
7471
7472	annotation (Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-100,-100},
7473	{100,100}}), graphics={
7474	Ellipse(
7475	extent={{-100,100},{100,-100}},
7476	lineColor={0,0,0},
7477	fillPattern=FillPattern.Sphere,
7478	fillColor={215,230,240})}),
7479	Documentation(info="<html>
7480	<p>This icon indicates a property class.</p>
7481	</html>"));
7482	end MaterialProperty;
7483
7484	partial function Function "Icon for functions"
7485
7486	annotation (Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=false, extent={{-100,
7487	-100},{100,100}}), graphics={
7488	Text(extent={{-140,162},{136,102}}, textString=
7489	"%name"),
7490	Ellipse(
7491	extent={{-100,100},{100,-100}},
7492	lineColor={255,127,0},
7493	fillColor={255,255,255},
7494	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
7495	Text(
7496	extent={{-100,100},{100,-100}},
7497	lineColor={255,127,0},
7498	textString=
7499	"f")}),Documentation(Error, info="<html>
7500	<p>This icon indicates Modelica functions.</p>
7501	</html>"));
7502	end Function;
7503
7504	partial record Record "Icon for records"
7505
7506	annotation (Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-100,
7507	-100},{100,100}}), graphics={
7508	Rectangle(
7509	extent={{-100,50},{100,-100}},
7510	fillColor={255,255,127},
7511	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,
7512	lineColor={0,0,255}),
7513	Text(
7514	extent={{-127,115},{127,55}},
7515	textString="%name",
7516	lineColor={0,0,255}),
7517	Line(points={{-100,-50},{100,-50}}, color={0,0,0}),
7518	Line(points={{-100,0},{100,0}}, color={0,0,0}),
7519	Line(points={{0,50},{0,-100}}, color={0,0,0})}),
7520	Documentation(info="<html>
7521	<p>
7522	This icon is indicates a record.
7523	</p>
7524	</html>"));
7525	end Record;
7526
7527	partial package Library
7528	"This icon will be removed in future Modelica versions, use Package instead"
7529
7530	annotation (Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=false, extent={{-100,
7531	-100},{100,100}}), graphics={Rectangle(
7532	extent={{-80,100},{100,-80}},
7533	lineColor={0,0,0},
7534	fillColor={215,230,240},
7535	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid), Rectangle(
7536	extent={{-100,80},{80,-100}},
7537	lineColor={0,0,0},
7538	fillColor={240,240,240},
7539	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid)}),
7540	Documentation(info="<html>
7541	<p>This icon of a package will be removed in future versions of the library.</p>
7542	<h5>Note</h5>
7543	<p>This icon will be removed in future versions of the Modelica Standard Library. Instead the icon <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Icons.Package\">Package</a> shall be used.</p>
7544	</html>"));
7545	end Library;
7546	annotation(Documentation(__Dymola_DocumentationClass=true, info="<html>
7547	<p>This package contains definitions for the graphical layout of components which may be used in different libraries. The icons can be utilized by inheriting them in the desired class using "extends" or by directly copying the "icon" layer. </p>
7548	<dl>
7549	<dt><b>Main Authors:</b> </dt>
7550	<dd><a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a></dd><dd>Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR)</dd><dd>Oberpfaffenhofen</dd><dd>Postfach 1116</dd><dd>D-82230 Wessling</dd><dd>email: <a href=\"mailto:Martin.Otter@dlr.de\">Martin.Otter@dlr.de</a></dd><br>
7551	<dd>Christian Kral</dd><dd><a href=\"http://www.ait.ac.at/\">Austrian Institute of Technology, AIT</a></dd><dd>Mobility Department</dd><dd>Giefinggasse 2</dd><dd>1210 Vienna, Austria</dd><dd>email: <a href=\"mailto:christian.kral@ait.ac.at\">christian.kral@ait.ac.at</a></dd><br>
7552	<dd align=\"justify\">Johan Andreasson</dd><dd align=\"justify\"><a href=\"http://www.modelon.se/\">Modelon AB</a></dd><dd align=\"justify\">Ideon Science Park</dd><dd align=\"justify\">22370 Lund, Sweden</dd><dd align=\"justify\">email: <a href=\"mailto:johan.andreasson@modelon.se\">johan.andreasson@modelon.se</a></dd>
7553	</dl>
7554	<p>Copyright © 1998-2010, Modelica Association, DLR, AIT, and Modelon AB. </p>
7555	<p><i>This Modelica package is <b>free</b> software; it can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms of the <b>Modelica license</b>, see the license conditions and the accompanying <b>disclaimer</b> in <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.UsersGuide.ModelicaLicense2\">Modelica.UsersGuide.ModelicaLicense2</a>.</i> </p>
7556	</html>"));
7557	end Icons;
7558
7559	package SIunits
7560	"Library of type and unit definitions based on SI units according to ISO 31-1992"
7561	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
7562
7563	package Conversions
7564	"Conversion functions to/from non SI units and type definitions of non SI units"
7565	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
7566
7567	package NonSIunits "Type definitions of non SI units"
7568	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
7569
7570	type Temperature_degC = Real (final quantity="ThermodynamicTemperature",
7571	final unit="degC")
7572	"Absolute temperature in degree Celsius (for relative temperature use SIunits.TemperatureDifference)"
7573	annotation(__Dymola_absoluteValue=true);
7574
7575	type Angle_deg = Real (final quantity="Angle", final unit="deg")
7576	"Angle in degree";
7577
7578	type Pressure_bar = Real (final quantity="Pressure", final unit="bar")
7579	"Absolute pressure in bar";
7580	annotation (Documentation(info="<HTML>
7581	<p>
7582	This package provides predefined types, such as <b>Angle_deg</b> (angle in
7583	degree), <b>AngularVelocity_rpm</b> (angular velocity in revolutions per
7584	minute) or <b>Temperature_degF</b> (temperature in degree Fahrenheit),
7585	which are in common use but are not part of the international standard on
7586	units according to ISO 31-1992 \"General principles concerning quantities,
7587	units and symbols\" and ISO 1000-1992 \"SI units and recommendations for
7588	the use of their multiples and of certain other units\".</p>
7589	<p>If possible, the types in this package should not be used. Use instead
7590	types of package Modelica.SIunits. For more information on units, see also
7591	the book of Francois Cardarelli <b>Scientific Unit Conversion - A
7592	Practical Guide to Metrication</b> (Springer 1997).</p>
7593	<p>Some units, such as <b>Temperature_degC/Temp_C</b> are both defined in
7594	Modelica.SIunits and in Modelica.Conversions.NonSIunits. The reason is that these
7595	definitions have been placed erroneously in Modelica.SIunits although they
7596	are not SIunits. For backward compatibility, these type definitions are
7597	still kept in Modelica.SIunits.</p>
7598	</HTML>
7599	"), Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-100,-100},{100,
7600	100}}), graphics={Text(
7601	extent={{-66,-13},{52,-67}},
7602	lineColor={0,0,0},
7603	textString="[km/h]")}));
7604	end NonSIunits;
7605
7606	function to_degC "Convert from Kelvin to degCelsius"
7607	extends ConversionIcon;
7608	input Temperature Kelvin "Kelvin value";
7609	output NonSIunits.Temperature_degC Celsius "Celsius value";
7610	algorithm
7611	Celsius := Kelvin + Modelica.Constants.T_zero;
7612	annotation (Inline=true,Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-100,
7613	-100},{100,100}}), graphics={Text(
7614	extent={{-20,100},{-100,20}},
7615	lineColor={0,0,0},
7616	textString="K"), Text(
7617	extent={{100,-20},{20,-100}},
7618	lineColor={0,0,0},
7619	textString="degC")}));
7620	end to_degC;
7621
7622	function from_degC "Convert from degCelsius to Kelvin"
7623	extends ConversionIcon;
7624	input NonSIunits.Temperature_degC Celsius "Celsius value";
7625	output Temperature Kelvin "Kelvin value";
7626	algorithm
7627	Kelvin := Celsius - Modelica.Constants.T_zero;
7628	annotation (Inline=true,Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-100,
7629	-100},{100,100}}), graphics={Text(
7630	extent={{-20,100},{-100,20}},
7631	lineColor={0,0,0},
7632	textString="degC"), Text(
7633	extent={{100,-20},{20,-100}},
7634	lineColor={0,0,0},
7635	textString="K")}));
7636	end from_degC;
7637
7638	function to_deg "Convert from radian to degree"
7639	extends ConversionIcon;
7640	input Angle radian "radian value";
7641	output NonSIunits.Angle_deg degree "degree value";
7642	algorithm
7643	degree := (180.0/Modelica.Constants.pi)*radian;
7644	annotation (Inline=true,Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-100,
7645	-100},{100,100}}), graphics={Text(
7646	extent={{10,100},{-100,46}},
7647	lineColor={0,0,0},
7648	textString="rad"), Text(
7649	extent={{100,-44},{-10,-100}},
7650	lineColor={0,0,0},
7651	textString="deg")}));
7652	end to_deg;
7653
7654	function to_bar "Convert from Pascal to bar"
7655	extends ConversionIcon;
7656	input Pressure Pa "Pascal value";
7657	output NonSIunits.Pressure_bar bar "bar value";
7658	algorithm
7659	bar := Pa/1e5;
7660	annotation (Inline=true,Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-100,
7661	-100},{100,100}}), graphics={Text(
7662	extent={{-12,100},{-100,56}},
7663	lineColor={0,0,0},
7664	textString="Pa"), Text(
7665	extent={{98,-52},{-4,-100}},
7666	lineColor={0,0,0},
7667	textString="bar")}));
7668	end to_bar;
7669
7670	partial function ConversionIcon "Base icon for conversion functions"
7671
7672	annotation (Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-100,
7673	-100},{100,100}}), graphics={
7674	Rectangle(
7675	extent={{-100,100},{100,-100}},
7676	lineColor={191,0,0},
7677	fillColor={255,255,255},
7678	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
7679	Line(points={{-90,0},{30,0}}, color={191,0,0}),
7680	Polygon(
7681	points={{90,0},{30,20},{30,-20},{90,0}},
7682	lineColor={191,0,0},
7683	fillColor={191,0,0},
7684	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
7685	Text(
7686	extent={{-115,155},{115,105}},
7687	textString="%name",
7688	lineColor={0,0,255})}));
7689	end ConversionIcon;
7690	annotation (Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true,
7691	extent={{-100,-100},{100,100}}), graphics),
7692	Documentation(info="<HTML>
7693	<p>This package provides conversion functions from the non SI Units
7694	defined in package Modelica.SIunits.Conversions.NonSIunits to the
7695	corresponding SI Units defined in package Modelica.SIunits and vice
7696	versa. It is recommended to use these functions in the following
7697	way (note, that all functions have one Real input and one Real output
7698	argument):</p>
7699	<pre>
7700	<b>import</b> SI = Modelica.SIunits;
7701	<b>import</b> Modelica.SIunits.Conversions.*;
7702	...
7703	<b>parameter</b> SI.Temperature T = from_degC(25); // convert 25 degree Celsius to Kelvin
7704	<b>parameter</b> SI.Angle phi = from_deg(180); // convert 180 degree to radian
7705	<b>parameter</b> SI.AngularVelocity w = from_rpm(3600); // convert 3600 revolutions per minutes
7706	// to radian per seconds
7707	</pre>
7708
7709	</HTML>
7710	"));
7711	end Conversions;
7712
7713	type Angle = Real (
7714	final quantity="Angle",
7715	final unit="rad",
7716	displayUnit="deg");
7717
7718	type Length = Real (final quantity="Length", final unit="m");
7719
7720	type Area = Real (final quantity="Area", final unit="m2");
7721
7722	type Time = Real (final quantity="Time", final unit="s");
7723
7724	type Velocity = Real (final quantity="Velocity", final unit="m/s");
7725
7726	type Density = Real (
7727	final quantity="Density",
7728	final unit="kg/m3",
7729	displayUnit="g/cm3",
7730	min=0);
7731
7732	type Pressure = Real (
7733	final quantity="Pressure",
7734	final unit="Pa",
7735	displayUnit="bar");
7736
7737	type AbsolutePressure = Pressure (min=0);
7738
7739	type DynamicViscosity = Real (
7740	final quantity="DynamicViscosity",
7741	final unit="Pa.s",
7742	min=0);
7743
7744	type SurfaceTension = Real (final quantity="SurfaceTension", final unit="N/m");
7745
7746	type Power = Real (final quantity="Power", final unit="W");
7747
7748	type EnthalpyFlowRate = Real (final quantity="EnthalpyFlowRate", final unit=
7749	"W");
7750
7751	type MassFlowRate = Real (quantity="MassFlowRate", final unit="kg/s");
7752
7753	type ThermodynamicTemperature = Real (
7754	final quantity="ThermodynamicTemperature",
7755	final unit="K",
7756	min = 0,
7757	start = 288.15,
7758	displayUnit="degC")
7759	"Absolute temperature (use type TemperatureDifference for relative temperatures)"
7760	annotation(__Dymola_absoluteValue=true);
7761
7762	type Temp_K = ThermodynamicTemperature;
7763
7764	type Temperature = ThermodynamicTemperature;
7765
7766	type TemperatureDifference = Real (
7767	final quantity="ThermodynamicTemperature",
7768	final unit="K") annotation(__Dymola_absoluteValue=false);
7769
7770	type LinearTemperatureCoefficient = Real(final quantity = "LinearTemperatureCoefficient", final unit="1/K");
7771
7772	type Compressibility = Real (final quantity="Compressibility", final unit=
7773	"1/Pa");
7774
7775	type IsothermalCompressibility = Compressibility;
7776
7777	type HeatFlowRate = Real (final quantity="Power", final unit="W");
7778
7779	type ThermalConductivity = Real (final quantity="ThermalConductivity", final unit=
7780	"W/(m.K)");
7781
7782	type ThermalConductance = Real (final quantity="ThermalConductance", final unit=
7783	"W/K");
7784
7785	type ThermalDiffusivity = Real (final quantity="ThermalDiffusivity", final unit=
7786	"m2/s");
7787
7788	type HeatCapacity = Real (final quantity="HeatCapacity", final unit="J/K");
7789
7790	type SpecificHeatCapacity = Real (final quantity="SpecificHeatCapacity",
7791	final unit="J/(kg.K)");
7792
7793	type RatioOfSpecificHeatCapacities = Real (final quantity=
7794	"RatioOfSpecificHeatCapacities", final unit="1");
7795
7796	type SpecificEntropy = Real (final quantity="SpecificEntropy", final unit=
7797	"J/(kg.K)");
7798
7799	type SpecificEnergy = Real (final quantity="SpecificEnergy", final unit=
7800	"J/kg");
7801
7802	type SpecificInternalEnergy = SpecificEnergy;
7803
7804	type SpecificEnthalpy = SpecificEnergy;
7805
7806	type DerDensityByEnthalpy = Real (final unit="kg.s2/m5");
7807
7808	type DerDensityByPressure = Real (final unit="s2/m2");
7809
7810	type DerDensityByTemperature = Real (final unit="kg/(m3.K)");
7811
7812	type DerEnthalpyByPressure = Real (final unit="J.m.s2/kg2");
7813
7814	type Irradiance = Real (final quantity="Irradiance", final unit="W/m2");
7815
7816	type Emissivity = Real (final quantity="Emissivity", final unit="1");
7817
7818	type MolarMass = Real (final quantity="MolarMass", final unit="kg/mol",min=0);
7819
7820	type MolarVolume = Real (final quantity="MolarVolume", final unit="m3/mol", min=0);
7821
7822	type MassFraction = Real (final quantity="MassFraction", final unit="1");
7823
7824	type MoleFraction = Real (final quantity="MoleFraction", final unit="1");
7825
7826	type PrandtlNumber = Real (final quantity="PrandtlNumber", final unit="1");
7827	annotation (
7828	Invisible=true,
7829	Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-100,-100},{100,
7830	100}}), graphics={Text(
7831	extent={{-63,-13},{45,-67}},
7832	lineColor={0,0,0},
7833	textString="[kg.m2]")}),
7834	Documentation(info="<html>
7835	<p>This package provides predefined types, such as <i>Mass</i>,
7836	<i>Angle</i>, <i>Time</i>, based on the international standard
7837	on units, e.g.,
7838	</p>
7839
7840	<pre> <b>type</b> Angle = Real(<b>final</b> quantity = \"Angle\",
7841	<b>final</b> unit = \"rad\",
7842	displayUnit = \"deg\");
7843	</pre>
7844
7845	<p>
7846	as well as conversion functions from non SI-units to SI-units
7847	and vice versa in subpackage
7848	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.SIunits.Conversions\">Conversions</a>.
7849	</p>
7850
7851	<p>
7852	For an introduction how units are used in the Modelica standard library
7853	with package SIunits, have a look at:
7854	<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.SIunits.UsersGuide.HowToUseSIunits\">How to use SIunits</a>.
7855	</p>
7856
7857	<p>
7858	Copyright © 1998-2010, Modelica Association and DLR.
7859	</p>
7860	<p>
7861	<i>This Modelica package is <u>free</u> software and the use is completely at <u>your own risk</u>; it can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms of the Modelica License 2. For license conditions (including the disclaimer of warranty) see <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.UsersGuide.ModelicaLicense2\">Modelica.UsersGuide.ModelicaLicense2</a> or visit <a href=\"http://www.modelica.org/licenses/ModelicaLicense2\"> http://www.modelica.org/licenses/ModelicaLicense2</a>.</i>
7862	</p>
7863	</html>", revisions="<html>
7864	<ul>
7865	<li><i>Jan. 27, 2010</i> by Christian Kral:<br/>Added complex units.</li>
7866	<li><i>Dec. 14, 2005</i> by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a>:<br/>Add User';s Guide and removed "min" values for Resistance and Conductance.</li>
7867	<li><i>October 21, 2002</i> by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a> and <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Christian.Schweiger/\">Christian Schweiger</a>:<br/>Added new package <b>Conversions</b>. Corrected typo <i>Wavelenght</i>.</li>
7868	<li><i>June 6, 2000</i> by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a>:<br/>Introduced the following new types<br/>type Temperature = ThermodynamicTemperature;<br/>types DerDensityByEnthalpy, DerDensityByPressure, DerDensityByTemperature, DerEnthalpyByPressure, DerEnergyByDensity, DerEnergyByPressure<br/>Attribute "final" removed from min and max values in order that these values can still be changed to narrow the allowed range of values.<br/>Quantity="Stress" removed from type "Stress", in order that a type "Stress" can be connected to a type "Pressure".</li>
7869	<li><i>Oct. 27, 1999</i> by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a>:<br/>New types due to electrical library: Transconductance, InversePotential, Damping.</li>
7870	<li><i>Sept. 18, 1999</i> by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a>:<br/>Renamed from SIunit to SIunits. Subpackages expanded, i.e., the SIunits package, does no longer contain subpackages.</li>
7871	<li><i>Aug 12, 1999</i> by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a>:<br/>Type "Pressure" renamed to "AbsolutePressure" and introduced a new type "Pressure" which does not contain a minimum of zero in order to allow convenient handling of relative pressure. Redefined BulkModulus as an alias to AbsolutePressure instead of Stress, since needed in hydraulics.</li>
7872	<li><i>June 29, 1999</i> by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a>:<br/>Bug-fix: Double definition of "Compressibility" removed and appropriate "extends Heat" clause introduced in package SolidStatePhysics to incorporate ThermodynamicTemperature.</li>
7873	<li><i>April 8, 1998</i> by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a> and Astrid Jaschinski:<br/>Complete ISO 31 chapters realized.</li>
7874	<li><i>Nov. 15, 1997</i> by <a href=\"http://www.robotic.dlr.de/Martin.Otter/\">Martin Otter</a> and <a href=\"http://www.control.lth.se/~hubertus/\">Hubertus Tummescheit</a>:<br/>Some chapters realized.</li>
7875	</ul>
7876	</html>"),
7877	Diagram(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-100,-100},{100,
7878	100}}), graphics={
7879	Rectangle(
7880	extent={{169,86},{349,236}},
7881	fillColor={235,235,235},
7882	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,
7883	lineColor={0,0,255}),
7884	Polygon(
7885	points={{169,236},{189,256},{369,256},{349,236},{169,236}},
7886	fillColor={235,235,235},
7887	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,
7888	lineColor={0,0,255}),
7889	Polygon(
7890	points={{369,256},{369,106},{349,86},{349,236},{369,256}},
7891	fillColor={235,235,235},
7892	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,
7893	lineColor={0,0,255}),
7894	Text(
7895	extent={{179,226},{339,196}},
7896	lineColor={160,160,164},
7897	textString="Library"),
7898	Text(
7899	extent={{206,173},{314,119}},
7900	lineColor={0,0,0},
7901	textString="[kg.m2]"),
7902	Text(
7903	extent={{163,320},{406,264}},
7904	lineColor={255,0,0},
7905	textString="Modelica.SIunits")}));
7906	end SIunits;
7907	annotation (
7908	preferredView="info",
7909	version="3.2",
7910	versionBuild=9,
7911	versionDate="2010-10-25",
7912	dateModified = "2012-02-09 11:32:00Z",
7913	revisionId="",
7914	uses(Complex(version="1.0"), ModelicaServices(version="1.2")),
7915	conversion(
7916	noneFromVersion="3.1",
7917	noneFromVersion="3.0.1",
7918	noneFromVersion="3.0",
7919	from(version="2.1", script="modelica://Modelica/Resources/Scripts/Dymola/ConvertModelica_from_2.2.2_to_3.0.mos"),
7920	from(version="2.2", script="modelica://Modelica/Resources/Scripts/Dymola/ConvertModelica_from_2.2.2_to_3.0.mos"),
7921	from(version="2.2.1", script="modelica://Modelica/Resources/Scripts/Dymola/ConvertModelica_from_2.2.2_to_3.0.mos"),
7922	from(version="2.2.2", script="modelica://Modelica/Resources/Scripts/Dymola/ConvertModelica_from_2.2.2_to_3.0.mos")),
7923	__Dymola_classOrder={"UsersGuide","Blocks","StateGraph","Electrical","Magnetic","Mechanics","Fluid","Media","Thermal",
7924	"Math","Utilities","Constants", "Icons", "SIunits"},
7925	Settings(NewStateSelection=true),
7926	Documentation(info="<HTML>
7927	<p>
7928	Package <b>Modelica®</b> is a <b>standardized</b> and <b>free</b> package
7929	that is developed together with the Modelica® language from the
7930	Modelica Association, see
7931	<a href=\"http://www.Modelica.org\">http://www.Modelica.org</a>.
7932	It is also called <b>Modelica Standard Library</b>.
7933	It provides model components in many domains that are based on
7934	standardized interface definitions. Some typical examples are shown
7935	in the next figure:
7936	</p>
7937
7938	<img src=\"modelica://Modelica/Resources/Images/UsersGuide/ModelicaLibraries.png\">
7939
7940	<p>
7941	For an introduction, have especially a look at:
7942	</p>
7943	<ul>
7944	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.UsersGuide.Overview\">Overview</a>
7945	provides an overview of the Modelica Standard Library
7946	inside the <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.UsersGuide\">User's Guide</a>.</li>
7947	<li><a href=\"modelica://Modelica.UsersGuide.ReleaseNotes\">Release Notes</a>
7948	summarizes the changes of new versions of this package.</li>
7949	<li> <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.UsersGuide.Contact\">Contact</a>
7950	lists the contributors of the Modelica Standard Library.</li>
7951	<li> The <b>Examples</b> packages in the various libraries, demonstrate
7952	how to use the components of the corresponding sublibrary.</li>
7953	</ul>
7954
7955	<p>
7956	This version of the Modelica Standard Library consists of
7957	</p>
7958	<ul>
7959	<li> <b>1280</b> models and blocks, and</li>
7960	<li> <b>910</b> functions
7961	</ul>
7962	<p>
7963	that are directly usable (= number of public, non-partial classes).
7964	</p>
7965
7966	<p>
7967	<b>Licensed by the Modelica Association under the Modelica License 2</b><br>
7968	Copyright © 1998-2010, ABB, AIT, T. Bödrich, DLR, Dassault Systèmes AB, Fraunhofer, A.Haumer, Modelon,
7969	TU Hamburg-Harburg, Politecnico di Milano.
7970	</p>
7971
7972	<p>
7973	<i>This Modelica package is <u>free</u> software and the use is completely at <u>your own risk</u>; it can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms of the Modelica License 2. For license conditions (including the disclaimer of warranty) see <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.UsersGuide.ModelicaLicense2\">Modelica.UsersGuide.ModelicaLicense2</a> or visit <a href=\"http://www.modelica.org/licenses/ModelicaLicense2\"> http://www.modelica.org/licenses/ModelicaLicense2</a>.</i>
7974	</p>
7975	</HTML>
7976	"));
7977	end Modelica;
7978
7979	package IDEAS "Integrated District Energy Assessment Simulation"
7980	extends Modelica.Icons.Library;
7981	import SI = Modelica.SIunits;
7982
7983	model SimInfoManager
7984	"Simulation information manager for handling time and climate data required in each for simulation."
7985
7986	replaceable parameter IDEAS.Climate.Meteo.Files.min60 detail constrainedby
7987	IDEAS.Climate.Meteo.Detail "Timeframe detail of the climate data"
7988	annotation (Dialog(group="Climate"));
7989	replaceable parameter IDEAS.Climate.Meteo.Locations.Uccle city constrainedby
7990	IDEAS.Climate.Meteo.Location "Location of the depicted climate data"
7991	annotation (Dialog(group="Climate"));
7992	parameter Boolean occBeh = false
7993	"put to true if user behaviour is to be read from files"
7994	annotation(Dialog(group="User behaviour"));
7995
7996	parameter Boolean DHW = false
7997	"put to true if domestic how water (DHW) consumption is to be read from files"
7998	annotation(Dialog(group="User behaviour"));
7999	parameter Boolean PV = false
8000	"put to true if photovoltaics is to be read from files "
8001	annotation(Dialog(group="Photovoltaics"));
8002
8003	replaceable parameter IDEAS.Occupants.Extern.Interfaces.Occ_Files occupants constrainedby
8004	IDEAS.Occupants.Extern.Interfaces.Occ_Files
8005	"Specifies the files with occupant behavior" annotation(Dialog(group="User behaviour"));
8006	parameter Integer nOcc = 33 "Number of occupant profiles to be read" annotation(Dialog(group="User behaviour"));
8007
8008	parameter String fileNamePv = "onePVpanel10min"
8009	"Filename for photvoltaic profiles" annotation(Dialog(group="Photovoltaics"));
8010	parameter Integer nPV = 33 "Number of photovoltaic profiles" annotation(Dialog(group="Photovoltaics"));
8011	parameter Integer PNom = 1000
8012	"Nominal power (W) of the photovoltaic profiles" annotation(Dialog(group="Photovoltaics"));
8013
8014	protected
8015	final parameter String filNamClim = "../Inputs/" + city.locNam + detail.filNam;
8016	final parameter Modelica.SIunits.Angle lat(displayUnit="deg") = city.lat
8017	"latitude of the locatioin";
8018	final parameter Modelica.SIunits.Angle lon(displayUnit="deg") = city.lon;
8019	final parameter Modelica.SIunits.Temperature Tdes = city.Tdes
8020	"design outdoor temperature";
8021	final parameter Modelica.SIunits.Temperature TdesGround = city.TdesGround
8022	"design ground temperature";
8023	final parameter Modelica.SIunits.Time timZonSta = city.timZonSta
8024	"standard time zone";
8025	final parameter Boolean DST = city.DST
8026	"boolean to take into account daylight saving time";
8027	final parameter Integer yr = city.yr "depcited year for DST only";
8028
8029	final parameter Boolean BesTest = Modelica.Utilities.Strings.isEqual(city.locNam,"BesTest")
8030	"boolean to determine if this simulation is a BESTEST simulation";
8031
8032	public
8033	Modelica.SIunits.Irradiance solDirPer = climate_solar.y[3]
8034	"direct irradiation on normal to solar zenith";
8035	Modelica.SIunits.Irradiance solDirHor = climate_solar.y[1]-climate_solar.y[2]
8036	"direct irradiation on horizontal surface";
8037	Modelica.SIunits.Irradiance solDifHor = climate_solar.y[2]
8038	"difuse irradiation on horizontal surface";
8039	Modelica.SIunits.Irradiance solGloHor = solDirHor + solDifHor
8040	"global irradiation on horizontal";
8041	Modelica.SIunits.Temperature Te = climate_nonSolar.y[1] + 273.15
8042	"ambient outdoor temperature for determination of sky radiation exchange";
8043	Modelica.SIunits.Temperature Tsky "effective overall sky temperature";
8044	Modelica.SIunits.Temperature TeAv = Te
8045	"running average of ambient outdoor temperature of the last 5 days, not yet implemented";
8046	Modelica.SIunits.Temperature Tground = TdesGround "ground temperature";
8047	Modelica.SIunits.Velocity Va "air velocity";
8048	Real Fc "cloud factor";
8049	Modelica.SIunits.Irradiance irr = climate_solar.y[1];
8050	Boolean summer = timMan.summer;
8051
8052	Boolean day = true;
8053
8054	Modelica.SIunits.Time timLoc = timMan.timLoc "Local time";
8055	Modelica.SIunits.Time timSol = timMan.timSol "Solar time";
8056	Modelica.SIunits.Time timCal = timMan.timCal "Calendar time";
8057
8058	protected
8059	IDEAS.Climate.Time.SimTimes timMan(
8060	delay=detail.timestep/2,
8061	timZonSta=timZonSta,
8062	lon=lon,
8063	DST=false,
8064	ifSolCor=true)
8065	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-80,60},{-60,80}})));
8066	Modelica.Blocks.Tables.CombiTable1Ds climate_nonSolar(final smoothness=Modelica.Blocks.Types.Smoothness.ContinuousDerivative,
8067	final tableOnFile=true, final tableName="data",final fileName=filNamClim, final columns = {15,16,12,10})
8068	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-40,66},{-26,80}})));
8069	Modelica.Blocks.Tables.CombiTable1Ds climate_solar(
8070	final tableOnFile=true, final tableName="data",final fileName=filNamClim, final columns = {7,11,14},
8071	final smoothness=Modelica.Blocks.Types.Smoothness.LinearSegments)
8072	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-40,46},{-26,60}})));
8073
8074	public
8075	Modelica.Blocks.Tables.CombiTable1Ds tabQCon(
8076	final smoothness = Modelica.Blocks.Types.Smoothness.LinearSegments,
8077	tableOnFile = true,
8078	tableName = "data",
8079	fileName = "..\\Inputs\\" + occupants.filQCon,
8080	columns=2:nOcc+1) if occBeh annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-40,-34},
8081	{-26,-20}})));
8082	Modelica.Blocks.Tables.CombiTable1Ds tabQRad(
8083	final smoothness = Modelica.Blocks.Types.Smoothness.LinearSegments,
8084	tableOnFile = true,
8085	tableName = "data",
8086	fileName = "..\\Inputs\\" + occupants.filQRad,
8087	columns=2:nOcc+1) if occBeh annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-36,-38},
8088	{-22,-24}})));
8089	Modelica.Blocks.Sources.CombiTimeTable
8090	tabPre(
8091	final smoothness = Modelica.Blocks.Types.Smoothness.LinearSegments,
8092	tableOnFile = true,
8093	tableName = "data",
8094	fileName = "..\\Inputs\\" + occupants.filPres,
8095	columns=2:nOcc+1) if occBeh annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{0,-34},
8096	{14,-20}})));
8097	Modelica.Blocks.Tables.CombiTable1Ds tabP(
8098	final smoothness = Modelica.Blocks.Types.Smoothness.LinearSegments,
8099	tableOnFile = true,
8100	tableName = "data",
8101	fileName = "..\\Inputs\\" + occupants.filP,
8102	columns=2:nOcc+1) if occBeh annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-40,-58},
8103	{-26,-44}})));
8104	Modelica.Blocks.Tables.CombiTable1Ds tabQ(
8105	final smoothness = Modelica.Blocks.Types.Smoothness.LinearSegments,
8106	tableOnFile = true,
8107	tableName = "data",
8108	fileName = "..\\Inputs\\" + occupants.filQ,
8109	columns=2:nOcc+1) if occBeh annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-36,-62},
8110	{-22,-48}})));
8111	Modelica.Blocks.Sources.CombiTimeTable
8112	tabDHW(
8113	final smoothness=Modelica.Blocks.Types.Smoothness.LinearSegments,
8114	tableOnFile=true,
8115	tableName="data",
8116	fileName="..\\Inputs\\" + occupants.filDHW,
8117	columns=2:nOcc+1) if DHW
8118	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{0,-58},
8119	{14,-44}})));
8120	Modelica.Blocks.Tables.CombiTable1Ds tabPPV(
8121	final smoothness=Modelica.Blocks.Types.Smoothness.LinearSegments,
8122	tableOnFile=true,
8123	tableName="data",
8124	fileName="..\\Inputs\\" + fileNamePv,
8125	columns=2:nPV + 1) if
8126	PV annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-36,2},
8127	{-22,16}})));
8128
8129	equation
8130	if not BesTest then
8131	Tsky = Te - (23.8 - 0.2025 * (Te-273.15)(1-0.87Fc));
8132	Fc = 0.2;
8133	Va = 2.5;
8134	else
8135	Tsky = climate_nonSolar.y[2]+273.15;
8136	Fc = climate_nonSolar.y[3]*0.87;
8137	Va = climate_nonSolar.y[4];
8138	end if;
8139
8140	connect(timMan.timCalSol, climate_solar.u) annotation (Line(
8141	points={{-60,62},{-52,62},{-52,53},{-41.4,53}},
8142	color={0,0,127},
8143	smooth=Smooth.None));
8144	connect(timMan.timSol, climate_nonSolar.u) annotation (Line(
8145	points={{-60,70},{-50,70},{-50,73},{-41.4,73}},
8146	color={0,0,127},
8147	smooth=Smooth.None));
8148	connect(timMan.timCal, tabQCon.u) annotation (Line(
8149	points={{-60,66},{-52,66},{-52,-27},{-41.4,-27}},
8150	color={0,0,127},
8151	smooth=Smooth.None));
8152	connect(timMan.timCal, tabQRad.u) annotation (Line(
8153	points={{-60,66},{-50,66},{-50,-31},{-37.4,-31}},
8154	color={0,0,127},
8155	smooth=Smooth.None));
8156	connect(timMan.timCal, tabP.u) annotation (Line(
8157	points={{-60,66},{-52,66},{-52,-51},{-41.4,-51}},
8158	color={0,0,127},
8159	smooth=Smooth.None));
8160	connect(timMan.timCal, tabQ.u) annotation (Line(
8161	points={{-60,66},{-50,66},{-50,-55},{-37.4,-55}},
8162	color={0,0,127},
8163	smooth=Smooth.None));
8164	connect(timMan.timCal, tabPPV.u) annotation (Line(
8165	points={{-60,66},{-48,66},{-48,9},{-37.4,9}},
8166	color={0,0,127},
8167	smooth=Smooth.None));
8168	annotation(defaultComponentName="sim", defaultComponentPrefixes="inner", missingInnerMessage="Your model is using an outer \"sim\" component. An inner \"sim\" component is not defined. For simulation drag IDEAS.SimInfoManager into your model.",
8169	Icon(graphics={
8170	Ellipse(
8171	extent={{-60,78},{74,-58}},
8172	lineColor={95,95,95},
8173	fillColor={135,135,135},
8174	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
8175	Polygon(
8176	points={{18,52},{30,44},{36,44},{36,46},{34,48},{34,56},{22,60},{16,60},
8177	{10,58},{6,54},{8,52},{2,52},{-8,48},{-14,52},{-24,48},{-26,40},{-18,
8178	40},{-14,32},{-14,28},{-12,24},{-16,10},{-8,2},{-8,-2},{-6,-6},{-4,
8179	-4},{0,-6},{2,-12},{10,-18},{18,-24},{22,-30},{26,-36},{32,-44},{34,
8180	-50},{36,-58},{60,-44},{72,-28},{72,-18},{64,-14},{58,-12},{48,-12},
8181	{44,-14},{40,-16},{34,-16},{26,-24},{20,-22},{20,-18},{24,-12},{16,
8182	-16},{8,-12},{8,-8},{10,-2},{16,0},{24,0},{28,-2},{30,-8},{32,-6},
8183	{28,2},{30,12},{34,18},{36,20},{38,24},{34,26},{36,32},{26,38},{18,
8184	38},{20,32},{18,28},{12,32},{14,38},{16,42},{24,40},{22,46},{16,50},
8185	{18,52}},
8186	lineColor={255,255,255},
8187	smooth=Smooth.None,
8188	fillColor={255,255,255},
8189	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
8190	Polygon(
8191	points={{-34,64},{-30,62},{-26,64},{-24,60},{-36,58},{-24,52},{-16,54},
8192	{-14,62},{-8,68},{6,74},{12,74},{22,70},{28,64},{30,64},{44,62},{46,
8193	58},{42,56},{50,50},{66,34},{68,20},{74,12},{80,46},{70,78},{44,90},
8194	{2,90},{-32,80},{-34,64}},
8195	lineColor={255,255,255},
8196	smooth=Smooth.None,
8197	fillColor={255,255,255},
8198	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
8199	Bitmap(extent={{22,-8},{20,-8}}, fileName=""),
8200	Ellipse(extent={{-60,78},{74,-58}}, lineColor={95,95,95}),
8201	Polygon(
8202	points={{-66,-20},{-70,-16},{-72,-20},{-68,-30},{-60,-42},{-60,-40},{-62,
8203	-32},{-66,-20}},
8204	lineColor={127,0,0},
8205	smooth=Smooth.None,
8206	fillColor={127,67,62},
8207	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
8208	Polygon(
8209	points={{-62,-4},{-58,0},{-54,-2},{-54,-12},{-52,-20},{-48,-24},{-50,-28},
8210	{-50,-30},{-54,-28},{-56,-26},{-58,-12},{-62,-4}},
8211	lineColor={127,0,0},
8212	smooth=Smooth.None,
8213	fillColor={127,67,62},
8214	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
8215	Polygon(
8216	points={{-48,0},{-46,4},{-42,4},{-40,0},{-40,-4},{-38,-16},{-38,-22},{
8217	-40,-24},{-44,-22},{-44,-16},{-48,0}},
8218	lineColor={127,0,0},
8219	smooth=Smooth.None,
8220	fillColor={127,67,62},
8221	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
8222	Polygon(
8223	points={{-32,2},{-28,4},{-24,4},{-24,0},{-24,-12},{-24,-20},{-26,-24},
8224	{-30,-24},{-32,-6},{-32,2}},
8225	lineColor={127,0,0},
8226	smooth=Smooth.None,
8227	fillColor={127,67,62},
8228	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
8229	Polygon(
8230	points={{-6,-36},{-12,-42},{-8,-42},{-4,-36},{0,-26},{-2,-22},{-6,-22},
8231	{-8,-26},{-10,-32},{-8,-36},{-6,-36}},
8232	lineColor={127,0,0},
8233	smooth=Smooth.None,
8234	fillColor={127,67,62},
8235	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
8236	Polygon(
8237	points={{-60,-44},{-58,-40},{-54,-40},{-50,-36},{-42,-32},{-36,-32},{-32,
8238	-28},{-26,-28},{-24,-34},{-24,-36},{-26,-38},{-20,-42},{-16,-46},{
8239	-12,-46},{-8,-48},{-10,-52},{-12,-60},{-16,-66},{-20,-68},{-26,-70},
8240	{-30,-70},{-34,-70},{-36,-74},{-40,-76},{-42,-76},{-48,-72},{-54,-62},
8241	{-60,-44}},
8242	lineColor={127,0,0},
8243	smooth=Smooth.None,
8244	fillColor={127,67,62},
8245	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid)}),
8246	Diagram(graphics),
8247	Documentation(info="<html>
8248	</html>"));
8249	end SimInfoManager;
8250
8251	package Climate "Climate data"
8252	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
8253
8254	package Meteo
8255	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
8256
8257	partial model Detail
8258
8259	parameter String filNam;
8260	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Time timestep;
8261
8262	end Detail;
8263
8264	partial model Location "Geogrphical location"
8265
8266	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Angle lat(displayUnit="degree")
8267	"latitude of the locatioin";
8268	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Angle lon(displayUnit="degree")
8269	"longitude of the locatioin";
8270	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Temperature Tdes
8271	"Design outdoor temperature";
8272	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Temperature TdesGround
8273	"Design ground temperature";
8274	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Time timZonSta "Standard (winter) time zone";
8275	parameter Boolean DST "Take into account daylight saving time or not";
8276	parameter Integer yr "Ddepcited year for DST only";
8277	parameter String locNam;
8278
8279	end Location;
8280
8281	package Files
8282	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
8283
8284	model min60 "60-minute data"
8285	extends IDEAS.Climate.Meteo.Detail(filNam="_60.txt",
8286	timestep=3600);
8287	end min60;
8288	end Files;
8289
8290	package Locations
8291	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
8292
8293	model Uccle "Uccle, Belgium"
8294	extends IDEAS.Climate.Meteo.Location(
8295	lat=50.800/180*Modelica.Constants.pi,
8296	lon=4.317/180*Modelica.Constants.pi,
8297	Tdes=265.15,
8298	TdesGround=284.15,
8299	timZonSta=3600,
8300	DST=true,
8301	yr=2010,
8302	locNam="climate");
8303	end Uccle;
8304	end Locations;
8305
8306	package Solar
8307	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
8308
8309	package BaseClasses
8310	"Baseclass elements for solar incidence calculation"
8311	extends Modelica.Icons.BasesPackage;
8312
8313	model AngleDay
8314
8315	Real day;
8316	Real t;
8317	Real N "year";
8318
8319	equation
8320	N=(time-3652460*30)/60/60/24/365;
8321	t=time-86400*N;
8322	day=t/60/60/24/365.252Modelica.Constants.pi-0.048869;
8323
8324	end AngleDay;
8325
8326	block AngleHour
8327
8328	extends Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.BlockIcon;
8329
8330	outer IDEAS.SimInfoManager sim
8331	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-92,74},{-72,94}})));
8332
8333	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput angHou(
8334	final quantity="Angle",
8335	final unit="rad",
8336	displayUnit="deg") "hour angle"
8337	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{90,50},{110,70}})));
8338
8339	algorithm
8340	angHou :=(sim.timSol/3600 - 12)2Modelica.Constants.pi/24;
8341
8342	annotation (Diagram(graphics));
8343	end AngleHour;
8344
8345	model AngleSolar "solar angle to surface"
8346
8347	extends Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.BlockIcon;
8348
8349	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Angle inc(displayUnit="degree")
8350	"inclination";
8351	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Angle azi(displayUnit="degree") "azimuth";
8352	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Angle lat(displayUnit="degree");
8353
8354	public
8355	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput angDec(final quantity="Angle", final unit="rad",displayUnit="deg")
8356	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-120,40},{-80,80}})));
8357	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput angHou(final quantity="Angle", final unit="rad",displayUnit="deg")
8358	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-120,0},{-80,40}})));
8359	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput angInc(final quantity="Angle", final unit="rad",displayUnit="deg")
8360	"Incidence angle"
8361	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{90,50},{110,70}})));
8362
8363	protected
8364	Real cosDec = Modelica.Math.cos(angDec);
8365	Real sinDec = Modelica.Math.sin(angDec);
8366	Real cosHou = Modelica.Math.cos(angHou);
8367	Real sinHou = Modelica.Math.sin(angHou);
8368	Real cosLat = Modelica.Math.cos(lat);
8369	Real sinLat = Modelica.Math.sin(lat);
8370
8371	equation
8372	angInc = acos(cos(inc)(cosDeccosHoucosLat + sinDecsinLat) + sin(inc)(sin(azi)cosDecsinHou + cos(azi)(cosDeccosHousinLat - sinDec*cosLat)));
8373
8374	annotation (Icon(graphics={
8375	Ellipse(
8376	extent={{88,88},{40,42}},
8377	lineColor={255,255,0},
8378	fillColor={255,255,0},
8379	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
8380	Polygon(
8381	points={{-90,-76},{-40,-36},{40,-36},{90,-76},{-90,-76}},
8382	lineColor={95,95,95},
8383	smooth=Smooth.None),
8384	Polygon(
8385	points={{16,-42},{22,-68},{-72,0},{-18,-18},{16,-42}},
8386	lineColor={0,0,0},
8387	smooth=Smooth.None,
8388	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,
8389	fillColor={175,175,175}),
8390	Line(
8391	points={{-6,-36},{84,40}},
8392	color={0,0,0},
8393	smooth=Smooth.None),
8394	Line(
8395	points={{-6,-36},{64,68}},
8396	color={0,0,0},
8397	smooth=Smooth.None)}), Diagram(graphics));
8398	end AngleSolar;
8399
8400	model AngleZenith "solar angle to surface"
8401
8402	extends Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.BlockIcon;
8403
8404	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Angle lat(displayUnit="degree");
8405
8406	public
8407	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput angDec(quantity="Angle", unit="rad")
8408	"declination"
8409	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-120,40},{-80,80}})));
8410	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput angHou(quantity="Angle", unit="rad")
8411	"hour angle"
8412	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-120,0},{-80,40}})));
8413	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput angZen(
8414	final quantity="Angle",
8415	final unit="rad",
8416	displayUnit="deg") "Zenith Angle"
8417	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{90,50},{110,70}})));
8418
8419	equation
8420	angZen = acos(cos(lat)cos(angDec)cos(angHou)+sin(lat)*sin(angDec));
8421
8422	annotation (Diagram(graphics), Icon(graphics={
8423	Polygon(
8424	points={{-88,-78},{-38,-38},{42,-38},{92,-78},{-88,-78}},
8425	lineColor={95,95,95},
8426	smooth=Smooth.None,
8427	fillColor={175,175,175},
8428	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
8429	Ellipse(
8430	extent={{90,90},{42,44}},
8431	lineColor={255,255,0},
8432	fillColor={255,255,0},
8433	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
8434	Line(
8435	points={{66,68},{-2,-56}},
8436	color={0,0,0},
8437	smooth=Smooth.None),
8438	Line(
8439	points={{-2,-56},{-2,84}},
8440	color={0,0,0},
8441	smooth=Smooth.None)}));
8442	end AngleZenith;
8443
8444	block Declination "solar declination"
8445
8446	extends Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.BlockIcon;
8447
8448	outer IDEAS.SimInfoManager sim
8449	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-80,60},{-60,80}})));
8450	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput delta(final quantity="Angle", final unit="rad",displayUnit="deg")
8451	"Declination angle"
8452	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{90,50},{110,70}})));
8453	equation
8454	delta = asin(-sin(23.452Modelica.Constants.pi/360)cos((sim.timLoc/86400+10)2*Modelica.Constants.pi/365.25));
8455
8456	annotation (Icon(graphics={
8457	Ellipse(
8458	extent={{-74,74},{78,-72}},
8459	lineColor={0,0,0},
8460	fillColor={85,170,255},
8461	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
8462	Line(
8463	points={{0,90},{0,-88}},
8464	color={0,0,0},
8465	smooth=Smooth.None),
8466	Line(
8467	points={{-28,-86},{32,88}},
8468	color={0,0,0},
8469	smooth=Smooth.None)}));
8470	end Declination;
8471
8472	model solDifTil
8473
8474	extends Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.BlockIcon;
8475
8476	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Area A;
8477	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Angle inc(displayUnit="degree")
8478	"inclination";
8479
8480	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput solDifTil
8481	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{90,50},{110,70}})));
8482	outer IDEAS.SimInfoManager sim
8483	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{60,72},{80,92}})));
8484
8485	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput angZen
8486	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-120,0},{-80,40}})));
8487	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput angInc
8488	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-120,40},{-80,80}})));
8489
8490	final parameter Modelica.SIunits.Angle i = inc/180*Modelica.Constants.pi;
8491
8492	SkyClearness skyClearness
8493	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-60,10},{-42,28}})));
8494	RelativeAirMass relativeAirMass
8495	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-60,-18},{-42,0}})));
8496	SkyBrightness skyBrightness
8497	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-34,-18},{-16,0}})));
8498	SkyBrightnessCoefficients skyBrightnessCoefficients
8499	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{0,22},{18,40}})));
8500	Perez perez(A=A, inc=inc) annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{40,44},{60,64}})));
8501
8502	equation
8503	connect(angZen, skyClearness.angZen) annotation (Line(
8504	points={{-100,20},{-70,20},{-70,24},{-66,24},{-60,24.4}},
8505	color={0,0,127},
8506	smooth=Smooth.None));
8507	connect(angZen, relativeAirMass.angZen) annotation (Line(
8508	points={{-100,20},{-70,20},{-70,-3.6},{-60,-3.6}},
8509	color={0,0,127},
8510	smooth=Smooth.None));
8511	connect(relativeAirMass.relAirMas, skyBrightness.relAirMas) annotation (
8512	Line(
8513	points={{-42,-3.6},{-40,-3.6},{-40,-3.6},{-38,-3.6},{-38,-3.6},{-34,-3.6}},
8514	color={0,0,127},
8515	smooth=Smooth.None));
8516	connect(angZen, skyBrightnessCoefficients.angZen) annotation (Line(
8517	points={{-100,20},{-70,20},{-70,36.4},{0,36.4}},
8518	color={0,0,127},
8519	smooth=Smooth.None));
8520	connect(skyClearness.skyCle, skyBrightnessCoefficients.skyCle) annotation (
8521	Line(
8522	points={{-42,24.4},{-22,24.4},{-22,32.8},{0,32.8}},
8523	color={0,0,127},
8524	smooth=Smooth.None));
8525	connect(skyBrightness.skyBri, skyBrightnessCoefficients.skyBri) annotation (
8526	Line(
8527	points={{-16,-3.6},{-8,-3.6},{-8,29.2},{0,29.2}},
8528	color={0,0,127},
8529	smooth=Smooth.None));
8530	connect(skyBrightnessCoefficients.F1, perez.F1) annotation (Line(
8531	points={{18,36.4},{22,36},{26,36},{26,52},{40,52}},
8532	color={0,0,127},
8533	smooth=Smooth.None));
8534	connect(skyBrightnessCoefficients.F2, perez.F2) annotation (Line(
8535	points={{18,32.8},{30,32.8},{30,48},{40,48}},
8536	color={0,0,127},
8537	smooth=Smooth.None));
8538	connect(angZen, perez.angZen) annotation (Line(
8539	points={{-100,20},{-70,20},{-70,56},{40,56}},
8540	color={0,0,127},
8541	smooth=Smooth.None));
8542	connect(angInc, perez.angInc) annotation (Line(
8543	points={{-100,60},{40,60}},
8544	color={0,0,127},
8545	smooth=Smooth.None));
8546	connect(perez.solDifTil, solDifTil) annotation (Line(
8547	points={{60,60},{100,60}},
8548	color={0,0,127},
8549	smooth=Smooth.None));
8550	annotation (Diagram(graphics));
8551	end solDifTil;
8552
8553	model solDirTil
8554
8555	extends Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.BlockIcon;
8556
8557	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Area A;
8558	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Angle inc(displayUnit="degree")
8559	"inclination";
8560
8561	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput angSol
8562	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-120,40},{-80,80}})));
8563	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput solDirTil
8564	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{90,50},{110,70}})));
8565	outer IDEAS.SimInfoManager sim
8566	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-60,60},{-40,80}})));
8567
8568	algorithm
8569	if inc <= Modelica.Constants.small then
8570	solDirTil := IDEAS.BaseClasses.Math.MaxSmooth(
8571	0,
8572	A*sim.solDirHor,
8573	delta=0.01);
8574	else
8575	solDirTil := IDEAS.BaseClasses.Math.MaxSmooth(
8576	0,
8577	cos(angSol)sim.solDirPerA,
8578	delta=0.01);
8579	end if;
8580	end solDirTil;
8581
8582	model solradExtraTerra
8583
8584	extends Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.BlockIcon;
8585
8586	IDEAS.Climate.Meteo.Solar.BaseClasses.AngleDay angleDay;
8587
8588	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput sol
8589	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{90,50},{110,70}})));
8590	algorithm
8591	sol := 1366.1(1+0.0033412cos(angleDay.day));
8592
8593	annotation (Icon(graphics));
8594	end solradExtraTerra;
8595
8596	block RelativeAirMass
8597	extends Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.BlockIcon;
8598
8599	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput angZen(
8600	quantity="Angle",
8601	unit="rad",
8602	displayUnit="degreeC") "zenith angle"
8603	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-120,40},{-80,80}})));
8604	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput relAirMas "relative air mass"
8605	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{90,50},{110,70}})));
8606
8607	protected
8608	Real angZenLim "limited zenith angle";
8609	Real angZenDeg "limited zenith angle in degrees";
8610
8611	algorithm
8612	angZenLim := IDEAS.BaseClasses.Math.MinSmooth(
8613	angZen,
8614	Modelica.Constants.pi/2,
8615	0.01);
8616	angZenDeg := Modelica.SIunits.Conversions.to_deg(angZenLim);
8617	relAirMas := 1/(cos(angZenLim) + 0.50572*(96.07995-angZenDeg)^(-1.6364));
8618
8619	end RelativeAirMass;
8620
8621	block SkyClearness
8622	extends Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.BlockIcon;
8623	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput angZen(
8624	quantity="Angle",
8625	unit="rad",
8626	displayUnit="degreeC") "zenith angle"
8627	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-120,40},{-80,80}})));
8628	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput skyCle "sky clearness"
8629	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{90,50},{110,70}})));
8630	outer IDEAS.SimInfoManager sim
8631	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-80,72},{-60,92}})));
8632
8633	protected
8634	final parameter Real kappa = 1.041
8635	"original kappa of 1.014 but for degrees";
8636	Real solDifHor "smoothed horizontal difuse radiation";
8637
8638	algorithm
8639	solDifHor := IDEAS.BaseClasses.Math.MaxSmooth(
8640	sim.solDifHor,
8641	1e-4,
8642	1e-5);
8643	skyCle := smooth(1, if noEvent(sim.solGloHor < 1) then 1 else ((sim.solGloHor)/solDifHor + kappaangZen^3) / (1 + kappaangZen^3));
8644
8645	annotation (Diagram(graphics));
8646	end SkyClearness;
8647
8648	block SkyBrightness
8649	extends Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.BlockIcon;
8650	outer IDEAS.SimInfoManager sim
8651	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-80,72},{-60,92}})));
8652	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput relAirMas "relative air mass"
8653	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-120,40},{-80,80}})));
8654	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput skyBri "sky brightness"
8655	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{90,50},{110,70}})));
8656
8657	algorithm
8658	skyBri := IDEAS.BaseClasses.Math.MinSmooth(
8659	sim.solDifHor*relAirMas/1367,
8660	1,
8661	0.025);
8662
8663	annotation (Diagram(graphics));
8664	end SkyBrightness;
8665
8666	block SkyBrightnessCoefficients
8667	extends Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.BlockIcon;
8668	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput skyCle
8669	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-120,0},{-80,40}})));
8670	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput angZen
8671	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-120,40},{-80,80}})));
8672	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput skyBri
8673	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-120,-40},{-80,0}})));
8674	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput F1
8675	"circumsolar brightening coefficient"
8676	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{90,50},{110,70}})));
8677
8678	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput F2
8679	"horizon brightening coefficient"
8680	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{90,10},{110,30}})));
8681
8682	protected
8683	Real F11;
8684	Real F12;
8685	Real F13;
8686	Real F21;
8687	Real F22;
8688	Real F23;
8689	final parameter Real d = 0.01;
8690	Real[8] a;
8691	Real[8] b;
8692
8693	algorithm
8694	//first we define the discrete sky clearness categories a[:]
8695	b[1] := Modelica.Media.Air.MoistAir.Utilities.spliceFunction(1,0,1.065 - skyCle,d);
8696	b[2] := Modelica.Media.Air.MoistAir.Utilities.spliceFunction(1,0,1.23 - skyCle,d);
8697	b[3] := Modelica.Media.Air.MoistAir.Utilities.spliceFunction(1,0,1.50 - skyCle,d);
8698	b[4] := Modelica.Media.Air.MoistAir.Utilities.spliceFunction(1,0,1.95 - skyCle,d);
8699	b[5] := Modelica.Media.Air.MoistAir.Utilities.spliceFunction(1,0,2.8 - skyCle,d);
8700	b[6] := Modelica.Media.Air.MoistAir.Utilities.spliceFunction(1,0,4.5 - skyCle,d);
8701	b[7] := Modelica.Media.Air.MoistAir.Utilities.spliceFunction(1,0,6.2 - skyCle,d);
8702	b[8] := Modelica.Media.Air.MoistAir.Utilities.spliceFunction(1,0,skyCle - 6.2,d);
8703	a[1] := b[1];
8704	a[1] := b[2] - b[1];
8705	a[2] := b[3] - b[2];
8706	a[3] := b[4] - b[3];
8707	a[4] := b[5] - b[4];
8708	a[5] := b[6] - b[5];
8709	a[6] := b[7] - b[6];
8710	a[7] := b[8];
8711
8712	F11 := -0.008a[1] + 0.130a[2] + 0.330a[3] + 0.568a[4] + 0.873a[5] + 1.132a[6] + 1.060a[7] + 0.678a[8];
8713	F12 := 0.588a[1] + 0.683a[2] + 0.487a[3] + 0.187a[4] - 0.392a[5] - 1.237a[6] - 1.600a[7] - 0.327a[8];
8714	F13 := -0.062a[1] - 0.151a[2] - 0.221a[3] - 0.295a[4] - 0.362a[5] - 0.412a[6] - 0.359a[7] - 0.250a[8];
8715	F21 := -0.060a[1] - 0.019a[2] + 0.055a[3] + 0.109a[4] + 0.226a[5] + 0.288a[6] + 0.264a[7] + 0.156a[8];
8716	F22 := 0.072a[1] + 0.066a[2] - 0.064a[3] - 0.152a[4] - 0.462a[5] - 0.823a[6] - 1.127a[7] - 1.377a[8];
8717	F23 := -0.022a[1] - 0.029a[2] - 0.026a[3] - 0.014a[4] + 0.001a[5] + 0.056a[6] + 0.131a[7] + 0.251a[8];
8718	F1 := IDEAS.BaseClasses.Math.MaxSmooth(
8719	0,
8720	F11 + F12skyBri + F13angZen,
8721	0.01);
8722	F2 := F21 + F22skyBri + F23angZen;
8723
8724	annotation (Diagram(graphics));
8725	end SkyBrightnessCoefficients;
8726
8727	block Perez
8728	extends Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.BlockIcon;
8729	outer IDEAS.SimInfoManager sim
8730	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-68,72},{-48,92}})));
8731	parameter Real rho = 0.2 "Ground reflectance";
8732	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Angle inc(displayUnit="degree")
8733	"surface inclination";
8734	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Area A "surface area";
8735
8736	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput F1
8737	"Circomsolar brightening coefficient"
8738	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-120,-40},{-80,0}})));
8739	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput F2
8740	"horizon brightening coefficient"
8741	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-120,-80},{-80,-40}})));
8742	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput angZen(quantity="Angle", unit="rad", displayUnit="degree")
8743	"zenith angle"
8744	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-120,0},{-80,40}})));
8745	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput angInc(quantity="Angle", unit="rad", displayUnit="degree")
8746	"incedence angle"
8747	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-120,40},{-80,80}})));
8748	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput solDifTil
8749	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{90,50},{110,70}})));
8750
8751	protected
8752	Real a;
8753	Real b;
8754
8755	algorithm
8756	a := IDEAS.BaseClasses.Math.MaxSmooth(
8757	0,
8758	cos(angInc),
8759	0.01);
8760	b := IDEAS.BaseClasses.Math.MaxSmooth(
8761	0.087,
8762	cos(angZen),
8763	0.01);
8764
8765	if inc <= Modelica.Constants.small then
8766	solDifTil := A * sim.solDifHor;
8767	else
8768	solDifTil := A * sim.solDifHor * (0.5(1-F1)(1+cos(inc)) + F1a/b + F2sin(inc)) + A * sim.solGloHor * 0.5 * rho * (1-cos(inc));
8769	end if;
8770	end Perez;
8771	end BaseClasses;
8772
8773	model RadSol "solar angle to surface"
8774
8775	extends Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.BlockIcon;
8776
8777	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Angle inc(displayUnit="degree")
8778	"inclination";
8779	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Angle azi(displayUnit="degree") "azimuth";
8780	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Angle lat(displayUnit="degree") = sim.city.lat
8781	"latitude";
8782	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Area A;
8783
8784	outer IDEAS.SimInfoManager sim
8785	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-80,60},{-60,80}})));
8786
8787	BaseClasses.Declination
8788	declination
8789	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-80,20},{-60,40}})));
8790	BaseClasses.AngleHour
8791	angleHour
8792	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-80,-2},{-60,18}})));
8793	BaseClasses.AngleSolar
8794	angSolar(inc=inc, azi=azi,lat=lat)
8795	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-40,20},{-20,40}})));
8796	BaseClasses.solDirTil
8797	solDirTil(A=A,inc=inc)
8798	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{0,20},{20,40}})));
8799	BaseClasses.solDifTil
8800	solDifTil(A=A,inc=inc)
8801	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{0,-2},{20,18}})));
8802	BaseClasses.solradExtraTerra
8803	extraTerra
8804	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-80,-24},{-60,-4}})));
8805	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput solDir
8806	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{90,50},{110,70}})));
8807	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput solDif
8808	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{90,10},{110,30}})));
8809	BaseClasses.AngleZenith
8810	angleZenith(lat=lat)
8811	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-40,-2},{-20,18}})));
8812	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput angInc "Angle of incidence"
8813	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{90,-50},{110,-30}})));
8814	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput angZen "Angle of incidence"
8815	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{90,-70},{110,-50}})));
8816	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput angHou "Angle of incidence"
8817	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{90,-90},{110,-70}})));
8818	equation
8819	connect(declination.delta, angSolar.angDec) annotation (Line(
8820	points={{-60,36},{-40,36}},
8821	color={0,0,127},
8822	smooth=Smooth.None));
8823	connect(angleHour.angHou, angSolar.angHou) annotation (Line(
8824	points={{-60,14},{-48,14},{-48,32},{-40,32}},
8825	color={0,0,127},
8826	smooth=Smooth.None));
8827	connect(solDirTil.solDirTil, solDir) annotation (Line(
8828	points={{20,36},{56,36},{56,60},{100,60}},
8829	color={0,0,127},
8830	smooth=Smooth.None));
8831	connect(solDifTil.solDifTil, solDif) annotation (Line(
8832	points={{20,14},{56,14},{56,20},{100,20}},
8833	color={0,0,127},
8834	smooth=Smooth.None));
8835	connect(declination.delta, angleZenith.angDec) annotation (Line(
8836	points={{-60,36},{-50,36},{-50,14},{-40,14}},
8837	color={0,0,127},
8838	smooth=Smooth.None));
8839	connect(angleHour.angHou, angleZenith.angHou) annotation (Line(
8840	points={{-60,14},{-50,14},{-50,10},{-40,10}},
8841	color={0,0,127},
8842	smooth=Smooth.None));
8843	connect(angleZenith.angZen, solDifTil.angZen) annotation (Line(
8844	points={{-20,14},{-6,14},{-6,10},{0,10}},
8845	color={0,0,127},
8846	smooth=Smooth.None));
8847	connect(angSolar.angInc, solDifTil.angInc) annotation (Line(
8848	points={{-20,36},{-4,36},{-4,14},{0,14}},
8849	color={0,0,127},
8850	smooth=Smooth.None));
8851	connect(angSolar.angInc, solDirTil.angSol) annotation (Line(
8852	points={{-20,36},{0,36}},
8853	color={0,0,127},
8854	smooth=Smooth.None));
8855	connect(angSolar.angInc, angInc) annotation (Line(
8856	points={{-20,36},{-10,36},{-10,-40},{100,-40}},
8857	color={0,0,127},
8858	smooth=Smooth.None));
8859	connect(angleHour.angHou, angHou) annotation (Line(
8860	points={{-60,14},{-50,14},{-50,-80},{100,-80}},
8861	color={0,0,127},
8862	smooth=Smooth.None));
8863	connect(angleZenith.angZen, angZen) annotation (Line(
8864	points={{-20,14},{-14,14},{-14,-60},{100,-60}},
8865	color={0,0,127},
8866	smooth=Smooth.None));
8867	annotation (Diagram(graphics), Icon(graphics={
8868	Polygon(
8869	points={{-90,-80},{-40,-40},{40,-40},{90,-80},{-90,-80}},
8870	lineColor={95,95,95},
8871	smooth=Smooth.None),
8872	Polygon(
8873	points={{16,-46},{22,-72},{-72,-4},{-18,-22},{16,-46}},
8874	lineColor={0,0,0},
8875	smooth=Smooth.None,
8876	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid,
8877	fillColor={175,175,175}),
8878	Ellipse(
8879	extent={{88,84},{40,38}},
8880	lineColor={255,255,0},
8881	fillColor={255,255,0},
8882	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid)}));
8883	end RadSol;
8884	end Solar;
8885	end Meteo;
8886
8887	package Time
8888	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
8889
8890	package BaseClasses
8891	extends Modelica.Icons.BasesPackage;
8892
8893	model CalendarTime
8894
8895	extends Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.BlockIcon;
8896
8897	parameter Boolean ifSolCor;
8898
8899	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput timSim
8900	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-120,20},{-80,60}})));
8901	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput delay
8902	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-120,-60},{-80,-20}})));
8903	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput timCal
8904	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{90,30},{110,50}})));
8905	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput timCalSol
8906	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{90,-50},{110,-30}})));
8907
8908	equation
8909	timCal = timSim;// - integer(timSim/31536000)*31536000;
8910
8911	if ifSolCor then
8912	timCalSol = timSim + delay;
8913	else
8914	timCalSol = timSim;
8915	end if;
8916
8917	annotation (Diagram(graphics));
8918	end CalendarTime;
8919
8920	model LocalTime
8921
8922	extends Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.BlockIcon;
8923
8924	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Angle lon(displayUnit="deg") "longitude";
8925
8926	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput timZon "time zone"
8927	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-120,20},{-80,60}})));
8928	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput timSim "simulation time"
8929	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-120,-60},{-80,-20}})));
8930	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput timLoc "local time"
8931	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{90,-10},{110,10}})));
8932
8933	equation
8934	timLoc = timSim - timZon + lon * 43200 / Modelica.Constants.pi;
8935
8936	annotation (Diagram(graphics));
8937	end LocalTime;
8938
8939	model SimulationDelay
8940
8941	extends Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.BlockIcon;
8942
8943	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Time delay;
8944
8945	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput timSim
8946	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{90,-10},{110,10}})));
8947
8948	equation
8949	timSim = delay;
8950
8951	annotation (Diagram(graphics));
8952	end SimulationDelay;
8953
8954	model SimulationTime
8955
8956	extends Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.BlockIcon;
8957
8958	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput timSim
8959	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{90,-10},{110,10}})));
8960
8961	equation
8962	timSim = rem(time,31536000);
8963
8964	annotation (Diagram(graphics));
8965	end SimulationTime;
8966
8967	model SolarTime
8968
8969	extends Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.BlockIcon;
8970
8971	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput timLoc(quantity="Time", unit="s")
8972	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-120,20},{-80,60}})));
8973	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput timSim(quantity="Time", unit="s")
8974	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-120,-60},{-80,-20}})));
8975	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput timSol(quantity="Time", unit="s")
8976	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{90,-10},{110,10}})));
8977
8978	protected
8979	Modelica.SIunits.Angle Bt;
8980	Modelica.SIunits.Time delta "difference of solar time to local time";
8981	Modelica.SIunits.Time nDay "Zero-based day number in seconds";
8982
8983	algorithm
8984	nDay := timSim;
8985	Bt := Modelica.Constants.pi*((nDay + 86400)/86400 - 81)/182;
8986	delta := 60(9.87sin(2Bt) - 7.53cos(Bt) - 1.5*sin(Bt));
8987	timSol := timLoc + delta;
8988
8989	annotation (Diagram(graphics));
8990	end SolarTime;
8991
8992	block TimeZone
8993
8994	extends Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.BlockIcon;
8995
8996	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Time timZonSta "standard time zone";
8997	parameter Boolean DST = true;
8998	parameter Integer yr "depcited year";
8999
9000	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput timCal "time zone"
9001	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-120,-20},{-80,20}})));
9002	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput timZon "calendar time"
9003	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{90,-10},{110,10}})));
9004
9005	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Time DSTstart = 86400(31+28+31-rem(5yr/4+4,7))+2*3600;
9006	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Time DSTend = 86400(31+28+31+30+31+30+31+31+30+31-rem(5yr/4+1,7))+2*3600;
9007	// Source : http://www.webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/i.html
9008
9009	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.BooleanOutput summer annotation (Placement(
9010	transformation(
9011	extent={{10,-10},{-10,10}},
9012	rotation=-90,
9013	origin={0,100})));
9014
9015	equation
9016	if timCal >= DSTstart and timCal <= DSTend then
9017	if DST then
9018	timZon = timZonSta + 3600;
9019	summer = true;
9020	else
9021	timZon = timZonSta;
9022	summer = false;
9023	end if;
9024	else
9025	timZon = timZonSta;
9026	summer = false;
9027	end if;
9028
9029	end TimeZone;
9030	end BaseClasses;
9031
9032	block SimTimes
9033
9034	extends Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.BlockIcon;
9035
9036	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Angle lon(displayUnit="deg") = 4.317
9037	"longitude";
9038	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Time delay(displayUnit="s") = 0
9039	"delay for solar data";
9040	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Time timZonSta = 3600 "standard time zone";
9041	parameter Boolean DST = false "take into account daylight saving time";
9042	parameter Integer yr = 2010 "depcited year for DST only";
9043	parameter Boolean ifSolCor = true;
9044
9045	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput timSol "solar time"
9046	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{90,-10},{110,10}})));
9047	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput timCal "calendar time"
9048	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{90,-50},{110,-30}})));
9049	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput timCalSol
9050	"calendar time for solar data"
9051	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{90,-90},{110,-70}})));
9052	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput timLoc
9053	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{90,30},{110,50}})));
9054	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.BooleanOutput summer
9055	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{90,70},{110,90}})));
9056
9057	protected
9058	IDEAS.Climate.Time.BaseClasses.LocalTime
9059	localTime(lon=lon)
9060	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-10,-6},{10,14}})));
9061	IDEAS.Climate.Time.BaseClasses.SolarTime
9062	solarTime
9063	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{30,-10},{50,10}})));
9064	IDEAS.Climate.Time.BaseClasses.CalendarTime
9065	calendarTime(ifSolCor=ifSolCor)
9066	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{30,-54},{50,-34}})));
9067	IDEAS.Climate.Time.BaseClasses.SimulationTime
9068	simulationTime
9069	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-90,-30},{-70,-10}})));
9070	IDEAS.Climate.Time.BaseClasses.SimulationDelay
9071	simulationDelay(delay=delay)
9072	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-90,-58},{-70,-38}})));
9073	IDEAS.Climate.Time.BaseClasses.TimeZone
9074	timeZone(timZonSta=timZonSta, DST=DST, yr=yr)
9075	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-50,-6},{-30,14}})));
9076
9077	equation
9078	connect(localTime.timLoc, solarTime.timLoc) annotation (Line(
9079	points={{10,4},{30,4}},
9080	color={0,0,127},
9081	smooth=Smooth.None));
9082	connect(solarTime.timSol, timSol) annotation (Line(
9083	points={{50,0},{100,0}},
9084	color={0,0,127},
9085	smooth=Smooth.None));
9086	connect(calendarTime.timCal, timCal) annotation (Line(
9087	points={{50,-40},{100,-40}},
9088	color={0,0,127},
9089	smooth=Smooth.None));
9090	connect(calendarTime.timCalSol, timCalSol) annotation (Line(
9091	points={{50,-48},{60,-48},{60,-80},{100,-80}},
9092	color={0,0,127},
9093	smooth=Smooth.None));
9094	connect(simulationDelay.timSim, calendarTime.delay) annotation (Line(
9095	points={{-70,-48},{30,-48}},
9096	color={0,0,127},
9097	smooth=Smooth.None));
9098	connect(simulationTime.timSim, calendarTime.timSim) annotation (Line(
9099	points={{-70,-20},{-22,-20},{-22,-40},{30,-40}},
9100	color={0,0,127},
9101	smooth=Smooth.None));
9102	connect(simulationTime.timSim, localTime.timSim) annotation (Line(
9103	points={{-70,-20},{-22,-20},{-22,0},{-10,0}},
9104	color={0,0,127},
9105	smooth=Smooth.None));
9106	connect(simulationTime.timSim, solarTime.timSim) annotation (Line(
9107	points={{-70,-20},{20,-20},{20,-4},{30,-4}},
9108	color={0,0,127},
9109	smooth=Smooth.None));
9110	connect(timeZone.timZon, localTime.timZon) annotation (Line(
9111	points={{-30,4},{-22,4},{-22,8},{-10,8}},
9112	color={0,0,127},
9113	smooth=Smooth.None));
9114	connect(calendarTime.timCal, timeZone.timCal) annotation (Line(
9115	points={{50,-40},{60,-40},{60,-26},{-56,-26},{-56,4},{-50,4}},
9116	color={0,0,127},
9117	smooth=Smooth.None));
9118	connect(localTime.timLoc, timLoc) annotation (Line(
9119	points={{10,4},{20,4},{20,40},{100,40}},
9120	color={0,0,127},
9121	smooth=Smooth.None));
9122	connect(timeZone.summer, summer) annotation (Line(
9123	points={{-40,14},{-40,80},{100,80}},
9124	color={255,0,255},
9125	smooth=Smooth.None));
9126	annotation (
9127	defaultComponentName="timMan",
9128	Documentation(info="<html>
9129	<p>
9130	This component defines all required types of time in the simulation.
9131	</p>
9132	</html>
9133	", revisions="<html>
9134	<ul>
9135	<li>
9136	April 6, 2011, by Ruben Baetens:<br>
9137	First implementation.
9138	</li>
9139	</ul>
9140	</html>"),Diagram(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true,extent={{-100,-100},{100,100}}),
9141	graphics),
9142	Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-100,-100},{100,100}}),
9143	graphics={Text(
9144	extent={{-78,48},{74,-42}},
9145	lineColor={0,0,0},
9146	textString="time")}));
9147	end SimTimes;
9148	end Time;
9149	end Climate;
9150
9151	package Buildings "Transient building models and model components"
9152	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
9153
9154	package Components
9155	"Building components for high-order building models or component analysis"
9156	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
9157
9158	model OuterWall "Opaque building envelope construction"
9159
9160	extends IDEAS.Buildings.Components.Interfaces.StateWall;
9161
9162	replaceable parameter Data.Constructions.CavityWall constructionType
9163	constrainedby
9164	Data.Interfaces.Construction(
9165	final insulationType = insulationType, final insulationTickness = insulationThickness)
9166	"Type of building construction" annotation (__Dymola_choicesAllMatching = true,
9167	Placement(transformation(extent={{-38,72},{-34,76}})),
9168	Dialog(group="Construction details"));
9169
9170	replaceable parameter Data.Insulation.Rockwool insulationType constrainedby
9171	Data.Interfaces.Insulation( final d= insulationThickness)
9172	"Type of thermal insulation" annotation (__Dymola_choicesAllMatching = true,
9173	Placement(transformation(extent={{-38,84},{-34,88}})),
9174	Dialog(group="Construction details"));
9175	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Length insulationThickness = 0.05
9176	"Thermal insulation thickness"
9177	annotation (Dialog(group="Construction details"));
9178	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Area AWall "Total wall area";
9179	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Angle inc
9180	"Inclination of the wall, i.e. 90deg denotes vertical";
9181	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Angle azi
9182	"Azimuth of the wall, i.e. 0deg denotes South";
9183
9184	final parameter Real U_value=1/(1/8 + sum(constructionType.mats.R) + 1/25)
9185	"Wall U-value";
9186	final parameter Modelica.SIunits.Power QNom=U_valueAWall(273.15 + 21 - sim.city.Tdes)
9187	"Design heat losses at reference outdoor temperature";
9188
9189	Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_a port_emb
9190	"port for gains by embedded active layers"
9191	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-10,-110},{10,-90}})));
9192
9193	//protected
9194	IDEAS.Climate.Meteo.Solar.RadSol radSol(
9195	final inc=inc,
9196	final azi=azi,
9197	final A=AWall)
9198	"determination of incident solar radiation on wall based on inclination and azimuth"
9199	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-70,-40},{-50,-20}})));
9200	IDEAS.Buildings.Components.BaseClasses.MultiLayerOpaque layMul(
9201	final A=AWall,
9202	final inc=inc,
9203	final nLay = constructionType.nLay,
9204	final mats = constructionType.mats,
9205	final locGain = constructionType.locGain)
9206	"declaration of array of resistances and capacitances for wall simulation"
9207	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-10,-40},{10,-20}})));
9208	IDEAS.Buildings.Components.BaseClasses.ExteriorConvection extCon(final A=AWall)
9209	"convective surface heat transimission on the exterior side of the wall"
9210	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-20,-60},{-40,-40}})));
9211	IDEAS.Buildings.Components.BaseClasses.InteriorConvection intCon(final A=AWall, final inc=
9212	inc)
9213	"convective surface heat transimission on the interior side of the wall"
9214	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{20,-40},{40,-20}})));
9215	IDEAS.Buildings.Components.BaseClasses.ExteriorSolarAbsorption solAbs(final A=AWall)
9216	"determination of absorbed solar radiation by wall based on incident radiation"
9217	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-20,-40},{-40,-20}})));
9218	IDEAS.Buildings.Components.BaseClasses.ExteriorHeatRadidation extRad(final A=AWall,
9219	inc=inc)
9220	"determination of radiant heat exchange with the environment and sky"
9221	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-20,-20},{-40,0}})));
9222
9223	equation
9224	connect(radSol.solDir, solAbs.solDir) annotation (Line(
9225	points={{-50,-24},{-40,-24}},
9226	color={0,0,127},
9227	smooth=Smooth.None));
9228	connect(radSol.solDif, solAbs.solDif) annotation (Line(
9229	points={{-50,-28},{-40,-28}},
9230	color={0,0,127},
9231	smooth=Smooth.None));
9232	connect(extCon.port_a, layMul.port_a) annotation (Line(
9233	points={{-20,-50},{-16,-50},{-16,-30},{-10,-30}},
9234	color={191,0,0},
9235	smooth=Smooth.None));
9236	connect(solAbs.port_a, layMul.port_a) annotation (Line(
9237	points={{-20,-30},{-10,-30}},
9238	color={191,0,0},
9239	smooth=Smooth.None));
9240	connect(extRad.port_a, layMul.port_a) annotation (Line(
9241	points={{-20,-10},{-16,-10},{-16,-30},{-10,-30}},
9242	color={191,0,0},
9243	smooth=Smooth.None));
9244	connect(layMul.port_b, intCon.port_a) annotation (Line(
9245	points={{10,-30},{20,-30}},
9246	color={191,0,0},
9247	smooth=Smooth.None));
9248	connect(layMul.iEpsSw_a, solAbs.epsSw) annotation (Line(
9249	points={{-10,-26},{-14,-26},{-14,-24},{-20,-24}},
9250	color={0,0,127},
9251	smooth=Smooth.None));
9252	connect(layMul.iEpsLw_a, extRad.epsLw) annotation (Line(
9253	points={{-10,-22},{-14,-22},{-14,-4},{-20,-4}},
9254	color={0,0,127},
9255	smooth=Smooth.None));
9256
9257	connect(port_emb, layMul.port_gain) annotation (Line(
9258	points={{0,-100},{0,-40}},
9259	color={191,0,0},
9260	smooth=Smooth.None));
9261	connect(intCon.port_b, surfCon_a) annotation (Line(
9262	points={{40,-30},{50,-30}},
9263	color={191,0,0},
9264	smooth=Smooth.None));
9265	connect(layMul.port_b, surfRad_a) annotation (Line(
9266	points={{10,-30},{16,-30},{16,-60},{50,-60}},
9267	color={191,0,0},
9268	smooth=Smooth.None));
9269	connect(layMul.iEpsLw_b, iEpsLw_a) annotation (Line(
9270	points={{10,-22},{14,-22},{14,30},{56,30}},
9271	color={0,0,127},
9272	smooth=Smooth.None));
9273	connect(layMul.iEpsSw_b, iEpsSw_a) annotation (Line(
9274	points={{10,-26},{16,-26},{16,0},{56,0}},
9275	color={0,0,127},
9276	smooth=Smooth.None));
9277	connect(layMul.area, area_a) annotation (Line(
9278	points={{0,-20},{0,60},{56,60}},
9279	color={0,0,127},
9280	smooth=Smooth.None));
9281	annotation (
9282	Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-50,-100},{50,100}}),
9283	graphics={
9284	Polygon(
9285	points={{-50,60},{-30,60},{-30,80},{50,80},{50,100},{-50,100},{-50,60}},
9286	pattern=LinePattern.None,
9287	lineThickness=0.5,
9288	smooth=Smooth.None,
9289	fillColor={175,175,175},
9290	fillPattern=FillPattern.Backward),
9291	Rectangle(
9292	extent={{-30,-70},{-50,-20}},
9293	lineThickness=0.5,
9294	fillColor={175,175,175},
9295	fillPattern=FillPattern.Backward,
9296	pattern=LinePattern.None),
9297	Line(
9298	points={{-50,60},{-50,66},{-50,100},{50,100}},
9299	color={175,175,175},
9300	smooth=Smooth.None),
9301	Line(
9302	points={{-50,60},{-30,60},{-30,80},{50,80}},
9303	color={175,175,175},
9304	smooth=Smooth.None),
9305	Line(
9306	points={{-50,-20},{-30,-20},{-30,-70},{-30,-70},{52,-70}},
9307	color={175,175,175},
9308	smooth=Smooth.None),
9309	Line(
9310	points={{-50,-20},{-50,-90},{50,-90}},
9311	color={175,175,175},
9312	smooth=Smooth.None),
9313	Line(
9314	points={{-44,60},{-30,60},{-30,80},{-28,80},{50,80}},
9315	pattern=LinePattern.None,
9316	thickness=0.5,
9317	smooth=Smooth.None),
9318	Line(
9319	points={{-44,-20},{-30,-20},{-30,-70}},
9320	pattern=LinePattern.None,
9321	thickness=0.5,
9322	smooth=Smooth.None),
9323	Line(
9324	points={{-44,60},{-44,-20}},
9325	smooth=Smooth.None,
9326	color={175,175,175})}),
9327	Diagram(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-100,-100},{100,
9328	100}}), graphics),
9329	Documentation(info="<html>
9330	<p><h4><font color=\"#008000\">General description</font></h4></p>
9331	<p><h5>Goal</h5></p>
9332	<p>The <code>OuterWall.mo</code> model describes the transient behaviour of opaque builiding enelope constructions. The description of the thermal response of a wall is structured as in the 3 different occurring processes, i.e. the heat balance of the exterior surface, heat conduction between both surfaces and the heat balance of the interior surface.</p>
9333	<p><h5>Description</h5></p>
9334	<p>For the purpose of dynamic building simulation, the partial differential equation of the continuous time and space model of heat transport through a solid is most often simplified into ordinary differential equations with a finite number of parameters representing only one-dimensional heat transport through a construction layer. Within this context, the wall is modeled with lumped elements, i.e. a model where temperatures and heat fluxes are determined from a system composed of a sequence of discrete resistances and capacitances R_{n+1}, C_{n}. The number of capacitive elements $n$ used in modeling the transient thermal response of the wall denotes the order of the lumped capacitance model.</p>
9335	<p>The heat balance of the exterior surface is determined as Q_{net} = Q_{c} + Q_{SW} + Q_{LW,e} + Q_{LW,sky} where Q_{net} denotes the heat flow into the wall, Q_{c} denotes heat transfer by convection, Q_{SW} denotes short-wave absorption of direct and diffuse solar light, Q_{LW,e} denotes long-wave heat exchange with the environment and Q_{nLW,sky} denotes long-wave heat exchange with the sky. The exterior convective heat flow is computed as Q_{c} = 5,01.A.v_{10}^{0.85}.(T_{db}-T{s}) where A is the surface area, T_{db} is the dry-bulb exterior air temperature, T_{s} is the surface temperature and v_{10} is the wind speed in the undisturbed flow at 10 meter above the ground and where the stated correlation is valid for a v_{10} range of [0.15,7.5] meter per second <a href=\"IDEAS.Buildings.UsersGuide.References\">[Defraeye 2011]</a>. The v_{10}-dependent term denoting the exterior convective heat transfer coefficient h_{ce} is determined as max(f(v_{10}), 5.6) in order to take into account buoyancy effects at low wind speeds <a href=\"IDEAS.Buildings.UsersGuide.References\">[Jurges 1924]</a>. Longwave radiation between the surface and environment Q_{LW,e} is determined as Q_{LW,e} = sigma.e.A.( T_{s}^4 - F_{sky}.T_{sky}^4 - (1-F_{sky})T_{db}^4 ) as derived from the Stefan-Boltzmann law wherefore sigma the Stefan-Boltzmann constant <a href=\"IDEAS.Buildings.UsersGuide.References\">[Mohr 2008]</a>, e the longwave emissivity of the exterior surface, F_{sky} the radiant-interchange configuration factor between the surface and sky <a href=\"IDEAS.Buildings.UsersGuide.References\">[Hamilton 1952]</a>, and the surface and the environment respectively and T_{s} and T_{sky} are the exterior surface and sky temperature respectively. Shortwave solar irradiation absorbed by the exterior surface is determined as Q_{SW} = e_{SW}.A.E_{SW} where e_{SW} is the shortwave absorption of the surface and E_{SW} the total irradiation on the depicted surface. </p>
9336	<p>The heat balance of the interior surface is determined as Q_{net} = Q_{c} + Sum(Q_{SW,i}) + Sum(Q_{LW,i}) where Q_{net} denotes the heat flow into the wall, Q_{c} denotes heat transfer by convection, Q_{SW,i} denotes short-wave absorption of direct and diffuse solar light netering the interior zone through windows and Q_{LW,i} denotes long-wave heat exchange with the surounding interior surfaces. </p>
9337	<p>The surface heat resistances <img src=\"modelica://IDEAS/Images/equations/equation-mp9YB9Y0.png\" alt=\"R_s\"/> for the exterior and interior surface respectively are determined as 1/R_{s} = A.h_{c} where A is the surface area and where h_ {c} is the exterior and interior convective heat transfer coefficient. The interior natural convective heat transfer coefficient h_{c,i} <img src=\"modelica://IDEAS/Images/equations/equation-eZGZlJrg.png\" alt=\"h_ci\"/> is computed for each interior surface as h_{c,i} = n1.D^{n2}.(T_{a}-T_{s})^{n3} where D is the characteristic length of the surface, T_{a} is the indoor air temperature and n are correlation coefficients. These parameters {n1, n2, n3} are identical to {1.823,-0.121,0.293} for vertical surfaces <a href=\"IDEAS.Buildings.UsersGuide.References\">[Khalifa 2001]</a>, {2.175,-0.076,0.308} for horizontal surfaces wherefore the heat flux is in the same direction as the buoyancy force <a href=\"IDEAS.Buildings.UsersGuide.References\">[Khalifa 2001]</a>, and {2.72,-,0.13} for horizontal surfaces wherefore the heat flux is in the opposite direction as the buoyancy force <a href=\"IDEAS.Buildings.UsersGuide.References\">[Awbi 1999]</a>. The interior natural convective heat transfer coefficient is only described as function of the temperature difference. </p>
9338	<p>Similar to the thermal model for heat transfer through a wall, a thermal circuit formulation for the direct radiant exchange between surfaces can be derived <a href=\"IDEAS.Buildings.UsersGuide.References\">[Buchberg 1955, Oppenheim 1956]</a>. The resulting heat exchange by longwave radiation between two surface s_{i} and s_{j} can be described as Q_{si,sj} = sigma.A_{si}.(T_{si}^{4}-T_{sj}^{4})/((1-e_{si})/e_{si} + 1/F_{si,sj} + A_{si}/sum(A_{si}) ) as derived from the Stefan-Boltzmann law wherefore e_{si} and e_{sj} are the emissivity of surfaces s_{i} and s_{j} respectively, F_{si,sj} is radiant-interchange configuration factor <a href=\"IDEAS.Buildings.UsersGuide.References\">[Hamilton 1952]</a> between surfaces s_{i} and s_{j} , A_{i} and A_{j} are the areas of surfaces s_{i} and s_{j} respectively, sigma is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant <a href=\"IDEAS.Buildings.UsersGuide.References\">[Mohr 2008]</a> and R_{i} and T_{j} are the surface temperature of surfaces s_{i} and s_{j} respectively. The above description of longwave radiation for a room or thermal zone results in the necessity of a very detailed input, i.e. the configuration between all surfaces needs to be described by their shape, position and orientation in order to define F_{si,sj}, and difficulties to introduce windows and internal gains in the zone of interest. Simplification is achieved by means of a delta-star transformation <a href=\"IDEAS.Buildings.UsersGuide.References\">[Kenelly 1899]</a> and by definition of a (fictive) radiant star node in the zone model. Literature <a href=\"IDEAS.Buildings.UsersGuide.References\">[Liesen 1997]</a> shows that the overall model is not significantly sensitive to this assumption. The heat exchange by longwave radiation between surface <img src=\"modelica://IDEAS/Images/equations/equation-Mjd7rCtc.png\" alt=\"s_i\"/> and the radiant star node in the zone model can be described as Q_{si,sj} = sigma.A_{si}.(T_{si}^{4}-T_{sr}^{4})/((1-e_{si})/e_{si} + A_{si}/sum(A_{si}) ) = sigma where e_{si} is the emissivity of surface s_{i}, A_{si} is the area of surface s_{i}, sum(A_{si}) is the sum of areas for all surfaces s_{i} of the thermal zone, sigma is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant <a href=\"IDEAS.Buildings.UsersGuide.References\">[Mohr 2008]</a> and T_{si} and T_{sr} are the temperatures of surfaces <img src=\"modelica://IDEAS/Images/equations/equation-olgnuMEg.png\" alt=\"s_i\"/> and the radiant star node respectively. Absorption of shortwave solar radiation on the interior surface is handled equally as for the outside surface. Determination of the receiving solar radiation on the interior surface after passing through windows is dealt with in the zone model.</p>
9339	<p><h4><font color=\"#008000\">Validation </font></h4></p>
9340	<p>By means of the <code>BESTEST.mo</code> examples in the <code>Validation.mo</code> package.</p>
9341	</html>"));
9342	end OuterWall;
9343
9344	package Interfaces "Building component interfaces"
9345	extends Modelica.Icons.InterfacesPackage;
9346
9347	partial model StateWall
9348	"Partial model for building envelope components"
9349
9350	Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_a surfCon_a
9351	"Convective surface node"
9352	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{40,-40},{60,-20}})));
9353	Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_b surfRad_a
9354	"Radiative surface node"
9355	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{40,-70},{60,-50}})));
9356	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput iEpsLw_a
9357	"Longwave emissivity for radiative heat losses"
9358	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{46,20},{66,40}})));
9359	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput iEpsSw_a
9360	"Shortwave emissivity for solar gain distribution"
9361	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{46,-10},{66,10}})));
9362	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput area_a
9363	"Total interior surface area of the wall" annotation (Placement(
9364	transformation(
9365	extent={{-10,-10},{10,10}},
9366	rotation=0,
9367	origin={56,60})));
9368	inner outer IDEAS.SimInfoManager sim
9369	"Simulation information manager for climate data"
9370	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{30,-100},{50,-80}})));
9371	annotation (
9372	Diagram(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-100,-100},{100,
9373	100}}), graphics),
9374	Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=true, extent={{-50,-100},{50,100}}),
9375	graphics));
9376
9377	end StateWall;
9378	end Interfaces;
9379
9380	package BaseClasses
9381	extends Modelica.Icons.BasesPackage;
9382
9383	model MonoLayerOpaque "single material layer"
9384
9385	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Area A "Layer area";
9386	parameter IDEAS.Buildings.Data.Interfaces.Material mat
9387	"Layer material";
9388	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Angle inc "Inclination";
9389
9390	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Temperature TStart = 289.15
9391	"Start temperature for each of the states";
9392
9393	final parameter Integer nSta = mat.nSta;
9394	final parameter Integer nFlo = mat.nSta + 1;
9395	final parameter Real R = mat.R "Total specific thermal resistance";
9396	final parameter Modelica.SIunits.ThermalConductance G=(Amat.knSta)/mat.d;
9397	final parameter Modelica.SIunits.HeatCapacity C=(Amat.rhomat.c*mat.d)/nSta;
9398
9399	public
9400	Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_a port_a(T(start=TStart))
9401	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-110,-10},{-90,10}})));
9402	Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_b port_b(T(start=TStart))
9403	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{90,-10},{110,10}})));
9404	Modelica.SIunits.Temperature[nSta] T(start=ones(nSta)*TStart)
9405	"Temperature at the states";
9406	Modelica.SIunits.HeatFlowRate[nFlo] Q_flow
9407	"Heat flow rate from state i to i+1";
9408
9409	equation
9410	// connectors
9411	port_a.Q_flow = +Q_flow[1];
9412	port_b.Q_flow = -Q_flow[nFlo];
9413
9414	// edge resistances
9415	port_a.T - T[1] = Q_flow[1]/(G*2);
9416	T[nSta] - port_b.T = Q_flow[nSta + 1]/(G*2);
9417
9418	// Q_flow[i] is heat flowing from (i-1) to (i)
9419	for i in 2:nSta loop
9420	T[i - 1] - T[i] = Q_flow[i]/G;
9421	end for;
9422
9423	// Heat storages in the masses
9424	for i in 1:nSta loop
9425	der(T[i]) = (Q_flow[i] - Q_flow[i + 1])/C;
9426	end for;
9427
9428	annotation (
9429	Diagram(graphics),
9430	Icon(graphics={
9431	Rectangle(
9432	extent={{-90,80},{90,-80}},
9433	fillColor={192,192,192},
9434	fillPattern=FillPattern.Backward,
9435	pattern=LinePattern.None),
9436	Text(
9437	extent={{-150,113},{150,73}},
9438	textString="%name",
9439	lineColor={0,0,255}),
9440	Ellipse(
9441	extent={{-40,-42},{40,38}},
9442	lineColor={127,0,0},
9443	fillColor={255,255,255},
9444	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
9445	Text(
9446	extent={{-39,40},{39,-40}},
9447	lineColor={127,0,0},
9448	fontName="Calibri",
9449	origin={0,-1},
9450	rotation=90,
9451	textString="S")}),
9452	Documentation(info="<html>
9453	<p>For the purpose of dynamic building simulation, the partial differential equation of the continuous time and space model of heat transport through a solid is most often simplified into ordinary differential equations with a finite number of parameters representing only one-dimensional heat transport through a construction layer. Within this context, the wall is modeled with lumped elements, i.e. a model where temperatures and heat fluxes are determined from a system composed of a sequence of discrete resistances and capacitances R_{n+1}, C_{n}. The number of capacitive elements $n$ used in modeling the transient thermal response of the wall denotes the order of the lumped capacitance model.</p>
9454	<p align=\"center\"><img src=\"modelica://IDEAS/Images/equations/equation-pqp0E04K.png\"/></p>
9455	<p>where <img src=\"modelica://IDEAS/Images/equations/equation-I7KXJhSH.png\"/> is the added energy to the lumped capacity, <img src=\"modelica://IDEAS/Images/equations/equation-B0HPmGTu.png\"/> is the temperature of the lumped capacity, <img src=\"modelica://IDEAS/Images/equations/equation-t7aqbnLB.png\"/> is the thermal capacity of the lumped capacity equal to<img src=\"modelica://IDEAS/Images/equations/equation-JieDs0oi.png\"/> for which rho denotes the density and <img src=\"modelica://IDEAS/Images/equations/equation-ml5CM4zK.png\"/> is the specific heat capacity of the material and <img src=\"modelica://IDEAS/Images/equations/equation-hOGNA6h5.png\"/> the equivalent thickness of the lumped element, where <img src=\"modelica://IDEAS/Images/equations/equation-1pDREAb7.png\"/> the heat flux through the lumped resistance and <img src=\"modelica://IDEAS/Images/equations/equation-XYf3O3hw.png\"/> is the total thermal resistance of the lumped resistance and where <img src=\"modelica://IDEAS/Images/equations/equation-dgS5sGAN.png\"/> are internal thermal source.</p>
9456	</html>"));
9457	end MonoLayerOpaque;
9458
9459	model MultiLayerOpaque "multiple material layers in series"
9460
9461	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Area A "total multilayer area";
9462	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Angle inc "inclination";
9463	parameter Integer nLay(min=1) "number of layers";
9464	parameter IDEAS.Buildings.Data.Interfaces.Material[nLay] mats
9465	"array of layer materials";
9466	parameter Integer locGain(min=1) "location of the internal gain";
9467
9468	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Temperature[nLay] TStart = ones(nLay)*289.15
9469	"Start temperature for each of the layers";
9470
9471	IDEAS.Buildings.Components.BaseClasses.MonoLayerOpaque[nLay] nMat(
9472	each final A=A,
9473	each final inc=inc,
9474	final TStart = TStart,
9475	final mat=mats) "layers";
9476
9477	final parameter Real R=sum(nMat.R)
9478	"total specific thermal resistance";
9479
9480	Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_a port_gain
9481	"port for gains by embedded active layers"
9482	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-10,-110},{10,-90}})));
9483	Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_a port_a(T(start=289.15))
9484	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-110,-10},{-90,10}})));
9485	Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_b port_b(T(start=289.15))
9486	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{90,-10},{110,10}})));
9487	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput iEpsLw_b
9488	"output of the interior emissivity for radiative heat losses"
9489	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{90,70},{110,90}})));
9490	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput iEpsSw_b
9491	"output of the interior emissivity for radiative heat losses"
9492	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{90,30},{110,50}})));
9493	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput iEpsLw_a
9494	"output of the interior emissivity for radiative heat losses"
9495	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-90,70},{-110,90}})));
9496	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput iEpsSw_a
9497	"output of the interior emissivity for radiative heat losses"
9498	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-90,30},{-110,50}})));
9499	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput area=A
9500	"output of the interior emissivity for radiative heat losses" annotation (
9501	Placement(transformation(
9502	extent={{10,-10},{-10,10}},
9503	rotation=-90,
9504	origin={0,100})));
9505	equation
9506	connect(port_a, nMat[1].port_a);
9507
9508	for j in 1:nLay - 1 loop
9509	connect(nMat[j].port_b, nMat[j + 1].port_a);
9510	end for;
9511
9512	connect(nMat[locGain].port_b, port_gain);
9513	connect(port_b, nMat[nLay].port_b);
9514
9515	iEpsLw_a = mats[1].epsLw;
9516	iEpsSw_a = mats[1].epsSw;
9517	iEpsLw_b = mats[nLay].epsLw;
9518	iEpsSw_b = mats[nLay].epsSw;
9519
9520	annotation (
9521	Diagram(graphics),
9522	Icon(graphics={
9523	Rectangle(
9524	extent={{-90,80},{20,-80}},
9525	fillColor={192,192,192},
9526	fillPattern=FillPattern.Backward,
9527	pattern=LinePattern.None),
9528	Text(
9529	extent={{-150,113},{150,73}},
9530	textString="%name",
9531	lineColor={0,0,255}),
9532	Rectangle(
9533	extent={{20,80},{40,-80}},
9534	fillColor={192,192,192},
9535	fillPattern=FillPattern.Forward,
9536	pattern=LinePattern.None,
9537	lineColor={0,0,0}),
9538	Rectangle(
9539	extent={{40,80},{80,-80}},
9540	fillColor={192,192,192},
9541	fillPattern=FillPattern.Backward,
9542	pattern=LinePattern.None),
9543	Line(
9544	points={{20,80},{20,-80}},
9545	pattern=LinePattern.None,
9546	smooth=Smooth.None),
9547	Line(
9548	points={{40,80},{40,-80}},
9549	pattern=LinePattern.None,
9550	smooth=Smooth.None),
9551	Ellipse(
9552	extent={{-40,-42},{40,38}},
9553	lineColor={127,0,0},
9554	fillColor={255,255,255},
9555	fillPattern=FillPattern.Solid),
9556	Text(
9557	extent={{-39,40},{39,-40}},
9558	lineColor={127,0,0},
9559	fontName="Calibri",
9560	origin={0,-1},
9561	rotation=90,
9562	textString="S")}),
9563	Documentation(info="<html>
9564	<p>For the purpose of dynamic building simulation, the partial differential equation of the continuous time and space model of heat transport through a solid is most often simplified into ordinary differential equations with a finite number of parameters representing only one-dimensional heat transport through a construction layer. Within this context, the wall is modeled with lumped elements, i.e. a model where temperatures and heat fluxes are determined from a system composed of a sequence of discrete resistances and capacitances R_{n+1}, C_{n}. The number of capacitive elements $n$ used in modeling the transient thermal response of the wall denotes the order of the lumped capacitance model.</p>
9565	<p align=\"center\"><img src=\"modelica://IDEAS/Images/equations/equation-pqp0E04K.png\"/></p>
9566	<p>where <img src=\"modelica://IDEAS/Images/equations/equation-I7KXJhSH.png\"/> is the added energy to the lumped capacity, <img src=\"modelica://IDEAS/Images/equations/equation-B0HPmGTu.png\"/> is the temperature of the lumped capacity, <img src=\"modelica://IDEAS/Images/equations/equation-t7aqbnLB.png\"/> is the thermal capacity of the lumped capacity equal to<img src=\"modelica://IDEAS/Images/equations/equation-JieDs0oi.png\"/> for which rho denotes the density and <img src=\"modelica://IDEAS/Images/equations/equation-ml5CM4zK.png\"/> is the specific heat capacity of the material and <img src=\"modelica://IDEAS/Images/equations/equation-hOGNA6h5.png\"/> the equivalent thickness of the lumped element, where <img src=\"modelica://IDEAS/Images/equations/equation-1pDREAb7.png\"/> the heat flux through the lumped resistance and <img src=\"modelica://IDEAS/Images/equations/equation-XYf3O3hw.png\"/> is the total thermal resistance of the lumped resistance and where <img src=\"modelica://IDEAS/Images/equations/equation-dgS5sGAN.png\"/> are internal thermal source.</p>
9567	</html>"));
9568	end MultiLayerOpaque;
9569
9570	model InteriorConvection "interior surface convection"
9571
9572	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Area A "surface area";
9573	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Angle inc "inclination";
9574
9575	Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_a port_a(T(start=289.15))
9576	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-110,-10},{-90,10}})));
9577	Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_b port_b(T(start=289.15))
9578	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{90,-10},{110,10}})));
9579	Real hcon;
9580
9581	protected
9582	Modelica.SIunits.TemperatureDifference dT;
9583	final parameter Boolean Ceiling=abs(sin(inc)) < 10E-5 and cos(inc) > 0
9584	"true if ceiling";
9585	final parameter Boolean Floor=abs(sin(inc)) < 10E-5 and cos(inc) < 0
9586	"true if floor";
9587
9588	equation
9589	if Ceiling then
9590	port_a.Q_flow = if noEvent(dT > 0) then A2.72abs(dT)^1.13 else -A2.27
9591	abs(dT)^1.24;
9592	elseif Floor then
9593	port_a.Q_flow = if noEvent(dT > 0) then A2.27abs(dT)^1.24 else -A2.72
9594	abs(dT)^1.13;
9595	else
9596	port_a.Q_flow = Asign(dT)2.07*abs(dT)^1.23;
9597	end if;
9598
9599	port_a.Q_flow + port_b.Q_flow = 0 "no heat is stored";
9600	dT = port_a.T - port_b.T;
9601	hcon = port_a.Q_flow/dT;
9602
9603	annotation (Icon(graphics={
9604	Rectangle(
9605	extent={{-90,80},{-60,-80}},
9606	fillColor={192,192,192},
9607	fillPattern=FillPattern.Backward,
9608	pattern=LinePattern.None),
9609	Line(points={{-60,20},{76,20}}, color={191,0,0}),
9610	Line(points={{-34,80},{-34,-80}}, color={0,127,255}),
9611	Line(points={{-60,-20},{76,-20}}, color={191,0,0}),
9612	Line(points={{56,30},{76,20}}, color={191,0,0}),
9613	Line(points={{56,10},{76,20}}, color={191,0,0}),
9614	Line(points={{56,-10},{76,-20}}, color={191,0,0}),
9615	Line(points={{56,-30},{76,-20}}, color={191,0,0}),
9616	Line(points={{6,80},{6,-80}}, color={0,127,255}),
9617	Line(points={{40,80},{40,-80}}, color={0,127,255}),
9618	Line(points={{76,80},{76,-80}}, color={0,127,255}),
9619	Line(points={{-34,-80},{-44,-60}}, color={0,127,255}),
9620	Line(points={{-34,-80},{-24,-60}}, color={0,127,255}),
9621	Line(points={{6,-80},{-4,-60}}, color={0,127,255}),
9622	Line(points={{6,-80},{16,-60}}, color={0,127,255}),
9623	Line(points={{40,-80},{30,-60}}, color={0,127,255}),
9624	Line(points={{40,-80},{50,-60}}, color={0,127,255}),
9625	Line(points={{76,-80},{66,-60}}, color={0,127,255}),
9626	Line(points={{76,-80},{86,-60}}, color={0,127,255}),
9627	Text(
9628	extent={{-150,-90},{150,-130}},
9629	textString="%name",
9630	lineColor={0,0,255}),
9631	Line(
9632	points={{-60,80},{-60,-80}},
9633	color={0,0,0},
9634	thickness=0.5)}), Documentation(info="<html>
9635	<p>The interior natural convective heat transfer coefficient <img src=\"modelica://IDEAS/Images/equations/equation-eZGZlJrg.png\"/> is computed for each interior surface as </p>
9636	<p align=\"center\"><img src=\"modelica://IDEAS/Images/equations/equation-KNBSKUDK.png\"/></p>
9637	<p>where <img src=\"modelica://IDEAS/Images/equations/equation-W5kvS3SS.png\"/> is the characteristic length of the surface, <img src=\"modelica://IDEAS/Images/equations/equation-jhC1rqax.png\"/> is the indoor air temperature and <img src=\"modelica://IDEAS/Images/equations/equation-sbXAgHuQ.png\"/> are correlation coefficients. These parameters {<img src=\"modelica://IDEAS/Images/equations/equation-nHmmePq5.png\"/>,<img src=\"modelica://IDEAS/Images/equations/equation-zJZmNUzp.png\"/>,<img src=\"modelica://IDEAS/Images/equations/equation-7nwXbcLp.png\"/>} are identical to {1.823,-0.121,0.293} for vertical surfaces <a href=\"IDEAS.Buildings.UsersGuide.References\">[Khalifa 2001]</a>, {2.175,-0.076,0.308} for horizontal surfaces wherefore the heat flux is in the same direction as the buoyancy force <a href=\"IDEAS.Buildings.UsersGuide.References\">[Khalifa 2001]</a>, and {2.72,-,0.13} for horizontal surfaces wherefore the heat flux is in the opposite direction as the buoyancy force <a href=\"IDEAS.Buildings.UsersGuide.References\">[Awbi 1999]</a>. The interior natural convective heat transfer coefficient is only described as function of the temperature difference. Similar to the thermal model for heat transfer through a wall, a thermal circuit formulation for the direct radiant exchange between surfaces can be derived <a href=\"IDEAS.Buildings.UsersGuide.References\">[ Buchberg 1955, Oppenheim 1956]</a>.</p>
9638	</html>"));
9639	end InteriorConvection;
9640
9641	model ExteriorConvection "exterior surface convection"
9642
9643	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Area A "surface area";
9644
9645	Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_a port_a(T(start=289.15))
9646	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-110,-10},{-90,10}})));
9647	outer IDEAS.SimInfoManager sim "Simulation information manager"
9648	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-100,80},{-80,100}})));
9649
9650	Real hcon "equivalent surface conductance";
9651
9652	equation
9653	if noEvent(sim.Va <= 5) then
9654	hcon = 4.0*sim.Va + 5.6;
9655	else
9656	hcon = 7.1*abs(sim.Va)^(0.78);
9657	end if;
9658
9659	port_a.Q_flow = hconA(port_a.T - sim.Te);
9660
9661	annotation (Icon(graphics={
9662	Rectangle(
9663	extent={{-90,80},{-60,-80}},
9664	fillColor={192,192,192},
9665	fillPattern=FillPattern.Backward,
9666	pattern=LinePattern.None),
9667	Line(points={{-60,20},{76,20}}, color={191,0,0}),
9668	Line(points={{-34,80},{-34,-80}}, color={0,127,255}),
9669	Line(points={{-60,-20},{76,-20}}, color={191,0,0}),
9670	Line(points={{56,30},{76,20}}, color={191,0,0}),
9671	Line(points={{56,10},{76,20}}, color={191,0,0}),
9672	Line(points={{56,-10},{76,-20}}, color={191,0,0}),
9673	Line(points={{56,-30},{76,-20}}, color={191,0,0}),
9674	Line(points={{6,80},{6,-80}}, color={0,127,255}),
9675	Line(points={{40,80},{40,-80}}, color={0,127,255}),
9676	Line(points={{76,80},{76,-80}}, color={0,127,255}),
9677	Line(points={{-34,-80},{-44,-60}}, color={0,127,255}),
9678	Line(points={{-34,-80},{-24,-60}}, color={0,127,255}),
9679	Line(points={{6,-80},{-4,-60}}, color={0,127,255}),
9680	Line(points={{6,-80},{16,-60}}, color={0,127,255}),
9681	Line(points={{40,-80},{30,-60}}, color={0,127,255}),
9682	Line(points={{40,-80},{50,-60}}, color={0,127,255}),
9683	Line(points={{76,-80},{66,-60}}, color={0,127,255}),
9684	Line(points={{76,-80},{86,-60}}, color={0,127,255}),
9685	Text(
9686	extent={{-150,-90},{150,-130}},
9687	textString="%name",
9688	lineColor={0,0,255}),
9689	Line(
9690	points={{-60,80},{-60,-80}},
9691	color={0,0,0},
9692	thickness=0.5)}), Documentation(info="<html>
9693	<p>The exterior convective heat flow is computed as </p>
9694	<p align=\"center\"><img src=\"modelica://IDEAS/Images/equations/equation-dlroqBUD.png\"/></p>
9695	<p>where <img src=\"modelica://IDEAS/Images/equations/equation-pvb42RGk.png\"/> is the surface area, <img src=\"modelica://IDEAS/Images/equations/equation-EFr6uClx.png\"/> is the dry-bulb exterior air temperature, <img src=\"modelica://IDEAS/Images/equations/equation-9BU57cj4.png\"/> is the surface temperature and <img src=\"modelica://IDEAS/Images/equations/equation-HvwkeunV.png\"/> is the wind speed in the undisturbed flow at 10 meter above the ground and where the stated correlation is valid for a <img src=\"modelica://IDEAS/Images/equations/equation-HvwkeunV.png\"/> range of [0.15,7.5] meter per second <a href=\"IDEAS.Buildings.UsersGuide.References\">[Defraeye 2011]</a>. The <img src=\"modelica://IDEAS/Images/equations/equation-HvwkeunV.png\"/>-dependent term denoting the exterior convective heat transfer coefficient <img src=\"modelica://IDEAS/Images/equations/equation-W7Ft8vaa.png\"/> is determined as <img src=\"modelica://IDEAS/Images/equations/equation-aZcbMNkz.png\"/> in order to take into account buoyancy effects at low wind speeds <a href=\"IDEAS.Buildings.UsersGuide.References\">[Jurges 1924]</a>.</p>
9696	</html>"));
9697	end ExteriorConvection;
9698
9699	model ExteriorSolarAbsorption
9700	"shortwave radiation absorption on an exterior surface"
9701
9702	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Area A "surface area";
9703
9704	Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_a port_a(T(start=289.15))
9705	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-110,-10},{-90,10}})));
9706	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput solDir
9707	"direct solar illuminance on surface se"
9708	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{120,40},{80,80}})));
9709	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput solDif
9710	"diffuse solar illuminance on surface s"
9711	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{120,0},{80,40}})));
9712	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput epsSw
9713	"shortwave emissivity of the surface"
9714	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-120,40},{-80,80}})));
9715	equation
9716	port_a.Q_flow = -(solDir + solDif)*epsSw;
9717
9718	annotation (Icon(graphics={
9719	Rectangle(
9720	extent={{-90,80},{-60,-80}},
9721	fillColor={192,192,192},
9722	fillPattern=FillPattern.Backward,
9723	pattern=LinePattern.None),
9724	Line(
9725	points={{-60,80},{-60,-80}},
9726	color={0,0,0},
9727	thickness=0.5),
9728	Line(points={{-40,10},{40,10}}, color={191,0,0}),
9729	Line(points={{-40,10},{-30,16}}, color={191,0,0}),
9730	Line(points={{-40,10},{-30,4}}, color={191,0,0}),
9731	Line(points={{-40,-10},{40,-10}}, color={191,0,0}),
9732	Line(points={{-40,-30},{40,-30}}, color={191,0,0}),
9733	Line(points={{-40,-30},{-30,-24}}, color={191,0,0}),
9734	Line(points={{-40,-30},{-30,-36}}, color={191,0,0}),
9735	Line(points={{-40,30},{40,30}}, color={191,0,0}),
9736	Line(points={{-40,30},{-30,36}}, color={191,0,0}),
9737	Line(points={{-40,30},{-30,24}},color={191,0,0}),
9738	Line(points={{-40,-10},{-30,-4}},color={191,0,0}),
9739	Line(points={{-40,-10},{-30,-16}}, color={191,0,0})}), Documentation(
9740	info="<html>
9741	<p>Transmitted shortwave solar radiation is distributed over all surfaces in the zone in a prescribed scale. This scale is an input value which may be dependent on the shape of the zone and the location of the windows, but literature <a href=\"IDEAS.Buildings.UsersGuide.References\">[Liesen 1997]</a> shows that the overall model is not significantly sensitive to this assumption.</p>
9742	</html>"));
9743	end ExteriorSolarAbsorption;
9744
9745	model ExteriorHeatRadidation
9746	"longwave radiative heat exchange of an exterior surface with the environment"
9747
9748	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Area A "surface area";
9749	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Angle inc "inclination";
9750
9751	Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_a port_a(T(start=289.15))
9752	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-110,-10},{-90,10}})));
9753	outer IDEAS.SimInfoManager sim "Simulation information manager"
9754	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-100,80},{-80,100}})));
9755
9756	protected
9757	Real Fse=(1 - cos(inc))/2
9758	"radiant-interchange configuration factor between surface and environment";
9759	Real Fssky=(1 + cos(inc))/2
9760	"radiant-interchange configuration factor between surface and sky";
9761	Modelica.SIunits.Temperature Tenv
9762	"Radiative temperature of the total environment";
9763
9764	public
9765	Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput epsLw
9766	"shortwave emissivity of the surface"
9767	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-120,40},{-80,80}})));
9768	equation
9769
9770	Tenv = (Fsskysim.Tsky^4 + (1 - Fssky)sim.Te^4)^0.25;
9771	port_a.Q_flow = AModelica.Constants.sigmaepsLw(port_a.T - Tenv)(port_a.T
9772	+ Tenv)*(port_a.T^2 + Tenv^2);
9773
9774	annotation (Icon(graphics={
9775	Line(points={{-40,10},{40,10}}, color={191,0,0}),
9776	Line(points={{-40,10},{-30,16}}, color={191,0,0}),
9777	Line(points={{-40,10},{-30,4}}, color={191,0,0}),
9778	Line(points={{-40,-10},{40,-10}}, color={191,0,0}),
9779	Line(points={{30,-16},{40,-10}}, color={191,0,0}),
9780	Line(points={{30,-4},{40,-10}}, color={191,0,0}),
9781	Line(points={{-40,-30},{40,-30}}, color={191,0,0}),
9782	Line(points={{-40,-30},{-30,-24}}, color={191,0,0}),
9783	Line(points={{-40,-30},{-30,-36}}, color={191,0,0}),
9784	Line(points={{-40,30},{40,30}}, color={191,0,0}),
9785	Line(points={{30,24},{40,30}}, color={191,0,0}),
9786	Line(points={{30,36},{40,30}}, color={191,0,0}),
9787	Rectangle(
9788	extent={{-90,80},{-60,-80}},
9789	fillColor={192,192,192},
9790	fillPattern=FillPattern.Backward,
9791	pattern=LinePattern.None),
9792	Line(
9793	points={{-60,80},{-60,-80}},
9794	color={0,0,0},
9795	thickness=0.5),
9796	Rectangle(
9797	extent={{90,80},{60,-80}},
9798	fillColor={192,192,192},
9799	fillPattern=FillPattern.Backward,
9800	pattern=LinePattern.None),
9801	Line(
9802	points={{60,80},{60,-80}},
9803	color={0,0,0},
9804	thickness=0.5)}), Documentation(info="<html>
9805	<p>Longwave radiation between the surface and environment <img src=\"modelica://IDEAS/Images/equations/equation-AMjoTx5S.png\"/> is determined as</p>
9806	<p align=\"center\"><img src=\"modelica://IDEAS/Images/equations/equation-nt0agyic.png\"/></p>
9807	<p>as derived from the Stefan-Boltzmann law wherefore <img src=\"modelica://IDEAS/Images/equations/equation-C6ZFvd5P.png\"/> the Stefan-Boltzmann constant <a href=\"IDEAS.Buildings.UsersGuide.References\">[Mohr 2008]</a>, <img src=\"modelica://IDEAS/Images/equations/equation-sLNH0zgx.png\"/> the longwave emissivity of the exterior surface, <img src=\"modelica://IDEAS/Images/equations/equation-Q5X4Yht9.png\"/> the radiant-interchange configuration factor between the surface and sky <a href=\"IDEAS.Buildings.UsersGuide.References\">[Hamilton 1952]</a>, and the surface and the environment respectively and <img src=\"modelica://IDEAS/Images/equations/equation-k2V39u5g.png\"/> and <img src=\"modelica://IDEAS/Images/equations/equation-GuSnzLxW.png\"/> are the exterior surface and sky temperature respectively. Shortwave solar irradiation absorbed by the exterior surface is determined as </p>
9808	<p align=\"center\"><img src=\"modelica://IDEAS/Images/equations/equation-cISf3Itz.png\"/></p>
9809	<p>where <img src=\"modelica://IDEAS/Images/equations/equation-IKuIUMef.png\"/> is the shortwave absorption of the surface and <img src=\"modelica://IDEAS/Images/equations/equation-Vuo4fgcb.png\"/> the total irradiation on the depicted surface. </p>
9810	</html>"));
9811	end ExteriorHeatRadidation;
9812	end BaseClasses;
9813	end Components;
9814
9815	package Data "Data for transient thermal building simulation"
9816	extends Modelica.Icons.MaterialPropertiesPackage;
9817
9818	package Insulation "Library of thermal insulation materials"
9819	extends Modelica.Icons.MaterialPropertiesPackage;
9820
9821	record Rockwool = IDEAS.Buildings.Data.Interfaces.Insulation (
9822	final k=0.036,
9823	final c=840,
9824	final rho=110,
9825	final epsLw=0.8,
9826	final epsSw=0.8) "Rockwool";
9827	end Insulation;
9828
9829	package Materials "Library of construction materials"
9830	extends Modelica.Icons.MaterialPropertiesPackage;
9831
9832	record BrickMe = IDEAS.Buildings.Data.Interfaces.Material (
9833	k=0.75,
9834	c=840,
9835	rho=1400,
9836	epsLw=0.88,
9837	epsSw=0.55) "Medium masonry for exterior applications ";
9838
9839	record BrickMi = IDEAS.Buildings.Data.Interfaces.Material (
9840	k=0.54,
9841	c=840,
9842	rho=1400,
9843	epsLw=0.88,
9844	epsSw=0.55) "Medium masonry for interior applications ";
9845
9846	record Gypsum = IDEAS.Buildings.Data.Interfaces.Material (
9847	k=0.6,
9848	c=840,
9849	rho=975,
9850	epsLw=0.85,
9851	epsSw=0.65) "Gypsum plaster for finishing";
9852	end Materials;
9853
9854	package Constructions "Library of building envelope constructions"
9855	extends Modelica.Icons.MaterialPropertiesPackage;
9856
9857	model CavityWall
9858	"Example - Classic cavity wall construction with fully-filled cavity"
9859
9860	extends IDEAS.Buildings.Data.Interfaces.Construction(
9861	nLay=4,
9862	locGain=2,
9863	final mats={Materials.BrickMe(d=0.08),insulationType,Materials.BrickMi(d=0.14),Materials.Gypsum(d=0.015)});
9864
9865	end CavityWall;
9866	end Constructions;
9867
9868	package Interfaces "Building data interfaces"
9869	extends Modelica.Icons.InterfacesPackage;
9870
9871	record Material "Properties of building materials"
9872
9873	extends Modelica.Icons.MaterialProperty;
9874
9875	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Length d = 0 "Layer thickness";
9876	parameter Modelica.SIunits.ThermalConductivity k
9877	"Thermal conductivity";
9878	parameter Modelica.SIunits.SpecificHeatCapacity c
9879	"Specific thermal capacity";
9880	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Density rho "Density";
9881	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Emissivity epsLw = 0.85
9882	"Longwave emisivity";
9883	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Emissivity epsSw = 0.85
9884	"Shortwave emissivity";
9885	parameter Boolean gas = false "Boolean wether the material is a gas";
9886	parameter Real mhu(unit="m2/s") = 0
9887	"Viscosity, i.e. if the material is a fluid";
9888	final parameter Real R = d/k;
9889
9890	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Emissivity epsLw_a = 0.84
9891	"Longwave emisivity";
9892	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Emissivity epsLw_b = 0.84
9893	"Longwave emisivity";
9894
9895	final parameter Modelica.SIunits.ThermalDiffusivity alpha = k/(c*rho)
9896	"Thermal diffusivity";
9897	final parameter Integer nStaRef = 3
9898	"Number of states of a reference case, ie. 20 cm dense concrete";
9899	final parameter Real piRef = 224
9900	"d/sqrt(mat.alpha) of a reference case, ie. 20 cm dense concrete";
9901	final parameter Real piLay = d/sqrt(alpha)
9902	"d/sqrt(mat.alpha) of the depicted layer";
9903	final parameter Integer nSta(min=1) = max(1, integer(ceil(nStaRef*piLay/piRef)))
9904	"Actual number of state variables in material";
9905
9906	annotation (Documentation(info="<html>
9907	<p><h4><font color=\"#008000\">General description</font></h4></p>
9908	<p><h5>Goal</h5></p>
9909	<p>The <code>Material.mo</code> partial describes the material data required for building construction modelling.</p>
9910	<p><h5>Assumptions and limitations</h5></p>
9911	<p><ol>
9912	<li>Current number of states in the material layer is determined by a reference number of states in a 20cm concrete slab.</li>
9913	</ol></p>
9914	<p><h4><font color=\"#008000\">Validation </font></h4></p>
9915	<p>No validation required.</p>
9916	</html>"));
9917	end Material;
9918
9919	record Insulation
9920
9921	extends IDEAS.Buildings.Data.Interfaces.Material;
9922
9923	end Insulation;
9924
9925	model Construction
9926
9927	extends Modelica.Icons.MaterialProperty;
9928
9929	parameter Integer nLay(min=1)
9930	"Number of layers of the construction, including gaps";
9931	parameter Integer locGain(min=1) = 1
9932	"Location of possible embedded system";
9933	replaceable parameter IDEAS.Buildings.Data.Interfaces.Insulation insulationType(final d=insulationTickness) constrainedby
9934	IDEAS.Buildings.Data.Interfaces.Insulation
9935	"Type of thermal insulation";
9936	parameter IDEAS.Buildings.Data.Interfaces.Material[nLay] mats
9937	"Array of materials";
9938	parameter Modelica.SIunits.Length insulationTickness = 0
9939	"Thermal insulation thickness";
9940
9941	annotation (Documentation(info="<html>
9942	<p><h4><font color=\"#008000\">General description</font></h4></p>
9943	<p><h5>Goal</h5></p>
9944	<p>The <code>Construction.mo</code> partial describes the material data required for building construction modelling.</p>
9945	<p><h4><font color=\"#008000\">Validation </font></h4></p>
9946	<p>No validation required.</p>
9947	</html>"));
9948	end Construction;
9949	end Interfaces;
9950	end Data;
9951	end Buildings;
9952
9953	package Occupants "Building occupant models"
9954	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
9955
9956	package Extern
9957	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
9958
9959	package Interfaces
9960	extends Modelica.Icons.InterfacesPackage;
9961
9962	model Occ_Files "Dummy file reader for occupant model"
9963	parameter Integer nOcc = 1 "Number of occupant data sets to be read" annotation(Dialog(group = "Building occupants"));
9964	parameter String filPres = "User_zeros.txt"
9965	"Filename for occupancy presence" annotation(Dialog(group = "Building occupants"));
9966	parameter String filQCon = "User_zeros.txt"
9967	"Filename for occupancy-driven convective gains" annotation(Dialog(group = "Building occupants"));
9968	parameter String filQRad = "User_zeros.txt"
9969	"Filename for occupancy-driven radiative gains" annotation(Dialog(group = "Building occupants"));
9970	parameter String filP = "User_zeros.txt"
9971	"Filename for occupancy-driven active power load" annotation(Dialog(group = "Building occupants"));
9972	parameter String filQ = "User_zeros.txt"
9973	"Filename for occupancy-driven reactive power load" annotation(Dialog(group = "Building occupants"));
9974	parameter String filDHW = "User_zeros.txt"
9975	"Filename for occupancy-driven domestic hot water redrawal" annotation(Dialog(group = "Building occupants"));
9976	end Occ_Files;
9977	end Interfaces;
9978	end Extern;
9979	end Occupants;
9980
9981	package BaseClasses "Base classes for IDEAS"
9982	extends Modelica.Icons.BasesPackage;
9983
9984	package Math "General mathematical stuff"
9985	extends Modelica.Icons.Package;
9986
9987	function MaxSmooth
9988
9989	input Real u1 "first argument for maximum";
9990	input Real u2 "second argument for maximum";
9991	input Real delta "width of the transition interval";
9992	output Real y "smooth maximum result";
9993
9994	algorithm
9995	y := Modelica.Media.Air.MoistAir.Utilities.spliceFunction(pos= u1, neg= u2, x= u1-u2, deltax= delta);
9996
9997	end MaxSmooth;
9998
9999	function MinSmooth
10000
10001	input Real u1 "first argument for maximum";
10002	input Real u2 "second argument for maximum";
10003	input Real delta "width of the transition interval";
10004	output Real y "smooth maximum result";
10005
10006	algorithm
10007	y := Modelica.Media.Air.MoistAir.Utilities.spliceFunction(pos= u1, neg= u2, x= u2-u1, deltax= delta);
10008
10009	end MinSmooth;
10010	end Math;
10011	end BaseClasses;
10012	annotation (uses(Modelica(version="3.2")), Icon(graphics),
10013	version="2",
10014	conversion(noneFromVersion="", noneFromVersion="1"),
10015	Documentation(info="<html>
10016	<p>Licensed by KU Leuven and 3E under the Modelica License 2 </p>
10017	<p>Copyright © 2013-2023, KU Leuven and 3E. </p>
10018	<p>  </p>
10019	<p><i>This Modelica package is <u>free</u> software and the use is completely at <u>your own risk</u>;</i> <i>it can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms of the Modelica License 2. </i></p>
10020	<p><i>For license conditions (including the disclaimer of warranty) see <a href=\"UrlBlockedError.aspx\">Modelica.UsersGuide.ModelicaLicense2</a> or visit <a href=\"https://www.modelica.org/licenses/ModelicaLicense2\">https://www.modelica.org/licenses/ModelicaLicense2</a>.</i> </p>
10021	</html>"));
10022
10023	model TEST
10024
10025	inner SimInfoManager sim
10026	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-100,80},{-80,100}})));
10027	Buildings.Components.OuterWall outerWall(
10028	redeclare final parameter IDEAS.Buildings.Data.Constructions.CavityWall constructionType,
10029	redeclare final parameter IDEAS.Buildings.Data.Insulation.Rockwool insulationType,
10030	final AWall=1,
10031	final insulationThickness=0.05,
10032	final inc=1.5707963267949,
10033	final azi=1.5707963267949)
10034	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-76,40},{-66,60}})));
10035	Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Sources.FixedTemperature fixedTemperature(T=293.15)
10036	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-18,38},{-38,58}})));
10037	Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Sources.FixedTemperature fixedTemperature1(T=294.15)
10038	annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-18,6},{-38,26}})));
10039	Modelica.Thermal.HeatTransfer.Sources.FixedHeatFlow fixedHeatFlow(Q_flow=0)
10040	annotation (Placement(transformation(
10041	extent={{-10,-10},{10,10}},
10042	rotation=90,
10043	origin={-74,8})));
10044	equation
10045	connect(outerWall.surfCon_a, fixedTemperature.port) annotation (Line(
10046	points={{-66,47},{-52,47},{-52,48},{-38,48}},
10047	color={191,0,0},
10048	smooth=Smooth.None));
10049	connect(outerWall.surfRad_a, fixedTemperature1.port) annotation (Line(
10050	points={{-66,44},{-52,44},{-52,16},{-38,16}},
10051	color={191,0,0},
10052	smooth=Smooth.None));
10053	connect(fixedHeatFlow.port, outerWall.port_emb) annotation (Line(
10054	points={{-74,18},{-72,18},{-72,40},{-71,40}},
10055	color={191,0,0},
10056	smooth=Smooth.None));
10057	annotation (Diagram(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=false, extent={{-100,
10058	-100},{100,100}}), graphics));
10059	end TEST;
10060	end IDEAS;
10061	model IDEAS_TEST
10062	extends IDEAS.TEST;
10063	annotation(experiment(
10064	StopTime=1,
10065	__Dymola_NumberOfIntervals=500,
10066	Tolerance=0.0001,
10067	__Dymola_Algorithm="dassl"),uses(IDEAS(version="2")));
10068	end IDEAS_TEST;

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